<HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Program Execution functions</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.44"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PHP Manual" HREF="manual.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Function Reference" HREF="funcref.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="pg_tty" HREF="function.pg-tty.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="escapeshellcmd" HREF="function.escapeshellcmd.html"></HEAD ><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >PHP Manual</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="function.pg-tty.html" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="function.escapeshellcmd.html" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="reference" ><A NAME="ref.exec" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="title" >XLIV. Program Execution functions</H1 ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.escapeshellcmd.html" >escapeshellcmd</A > — escape shell metacharacters</DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.exec.html" >exec</A > — Execute an external program</DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.passthru.html" >passthru</A > — Execute an external program and display raw output </DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.system.html" >system</A > — Execute an external program and display output</DT ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="function.pg-tty.html" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="manual.html" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="function.escapeshellcmd.html" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >pg_tty</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="funcref.html" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >escapeshellcmd</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >