<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="mysql-html.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.69.1"><meta name="description" content="
This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL
5.0 through 5.0.54.
This manual is for MySQL Enterprise Server,
our commercial offering, and for MySQL Community
Server. Sections that do not apply for MySQL
Enterprise Server users are marked:
This section does not apply to MySQL Enterprise Server users.
Sections that do not apply to MySQL Community Server users are
marked:
This section does not apply to MySQL Community Server users.
Document generated on:
(revision: 9150)
"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual"><link rel="next" href="preface.html" title="Preface"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="preface.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="book" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="refman-5-0"></a>MySQL 5.0 Reference Manual</h1></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="id2481585"></a><p>
Copyright 1997-2007 MySQL AB
</p><p>
This documentation is NOT distributed under a GPL license. Use of
this documentation is subject to the following terms: You may create
a printed copy of this documentation solely for your own personal
use. Conversion to other formats is allowed as long as the actual
content is not altered or edited in any way. You shall not publish
or distribute this documentation in any form or on any media, except
if you distribute the documentation in a manner similar to how MySQL
disseminates it (that is, electronically for download on a Web site
with the software) or on a CD-ROM or similar medium, provided
however that the documentation is disseminated together with the
software on the same medium. Any other use, such as any
dissemination of printed copies or use of this documentation, in
whole or in part, in another publication, requires the prior written
consent from an authorized representative of MySQL AB. MySQL AB
reserves any and all rights to this documentation not expressly
granted above.
</p><p class="legalnotice-all">
Please email <code class="email"><<a href="mailto:docs@mysql.com">docs@mysql.com</a>></code> for more information or
if you are interested in doing a translation.
</p></div></div><div><div class="abstract"><p class="title"><b>Abstract</b></p><p>
This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL
5.0 through 5.0.54.
</p><p>
This manual is for <span class="emphasis"><em>MySQL Enterprise Server</em></span>,
our commercial offering, and for <span class="emphasis"><em>MySQL Community
Server</em></span>. Sections that do not apply for MySQL
Enterprise Server users are marked:
</p><p class="cs">This section does not apply to MySQL Enterprise Server users.</p><p>
Sections that do not apply to MySQL Community Server users are
marked:
</p><p class="es">This section does not apply to MySQL Community Server users.</p><p>
Document generated on:
2007-12-06
(revision: 9150)
</p></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="preface.html">Preface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="introduction.html">1. General Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#manual-info">1.1. About This Manual</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#manual-conventions">1.2. Conventions Used in This Manual</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#what-is-mysql-ab">1.3. Overview of MySQL AB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#what-is">1.4. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#what-is-mysql">1.4.1. What is MySQL?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#history">1.4.2. History of MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#features">1.4.3. The Main Features of MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#roadmap">1.5. MySQL Development Roadmap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mysql-nutshell">1.5.1. What's New in MySQL 5.0</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#information-sources">1.6. MySQL Information Sources</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mailing-lists">1.6.1. MySQL Mailing Lists</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#forums">1.6.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#irc">1.6.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#mysql-enterprise-information">1.6.4. MySQL Enterprise</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#bug-reports">1.7. How to Report Bugs or Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#compatibility">1.8. MySQL Standards Compliance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#standards">1.8.1. What Standards MySQL Follows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#sql-mode">1.8.2. Selecting SQL Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#ansi-mode">1.8.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#extensions-to-ansi">1.8.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#differences-from-ansi">1.8.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="introduction.html#constraints">1.8.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="installing.html">2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installation-overview">2.1. MySQL Installation Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installation-version">2.2. Determining your current MySQL version</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es">2.3. Installing MySQL Enterprise</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es-overview">2.3.1. Overview of MySQL Enterprise Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es-disttypes">2.3.2. Enterprise Server Distribution Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es-installer">2.3.3. Installing the Enterprise MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es-upgrade">2.3.4. Upgrading MySQL Enterprise Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-es-uninstall">2.3.5. Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-cs">2.4. Installing MySQL Community Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-cs-overview">2.4.1. Overview of MySQL Community Server Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#which-os">2.4.2. Operating Systems Supported by MySQL Community Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#which-version">2.4.3. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#getting-mysql">2.4.4. How to Get MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#verifying-package-integrity">2.4.5. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or
<code class="literal">GnuPG</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installation-layouts">2.4.6. Installation Layouts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#quick-standard-installation">2.4.7. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#windows-installation">2.4.8. Installing MySQL on Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#linux-rpm">2.4.9. Installing MySQL from RPM Packages on Linux</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#mac-os-x-installation">2.4.10. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#solaris-installation">2.4.11. Installing MySQL on Solaris</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installation-i5os">2.4.12. Installing MySQL on i5/OS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#netware-installation">2.4.13. Installing MySQL on NetWare</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-binary">2.4.14. Installing MySQL from <code class="filename">tar.gz</code> Packages on Other
Unix-Like Systems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#installing-source">2.4.15. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#post-installation">2.4.16. Post-Installation Setup and Testing</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#upgrade">2.4.17. Upgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#downgrading">2.4.18. Downgrading MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#operating-system-specific-notes">2.4.19. Operating System-Specific Notes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#environment-variables">2.4.20. Environment Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="installing.html#perl-support">2.4.21. Perl Installation Notes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="tutorial.html">3. Tutorial</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#connecting-disconnecting">3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#entering-queries">3.2. Entering Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#database-use">3.3. Creating and Using a Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#creating-database">3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#creating-tables">3.3.2. Creating a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#loading-tables">3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#retrieving-data">3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#getting-information">3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#batch-mode">3.5. Using <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> in Batch Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#examples">3.6. Examples of Common Queries</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column">3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-row">3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column-group">3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-maximum-column-group-row">3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-user-variables">3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-foreign-keys">3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#searching-on-two-keys">3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#calculating-days">3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#example-auto-increment">3.6.9. Using <code class="literal">AUTO_INCREMENT</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#twin">3.7. Queries from the Twin Project</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#twin-pool">3.7.1. Find All Non-distributed Twins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#twin-event">3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="tutorial.html#apache">3.8. Using MySQL with Apache</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html">4. Using MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#program-overview">4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#invoking-programs">4.2. Invoking MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#program-options">4.3. Specifying Program Options</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#command-line-options">4.3.1. Using Options on the Command Line</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#option-files">4.3.2. Using Option Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#program-variables">4.3.3. Using Options to Set Program Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="using-mysql-programs.html#setting-environment-variables">4.4. Setting Environment Variables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="server-administration.html">5. MySQL Server Administration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-side-overview">5.1. Overview of Server-Side Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysqld">5.2. <span><strong class="command">mysqld</strong></span> — The MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysqld-option-tables">5.2.1. Option and Variable Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-options">5.2.2. Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-system-variables">5.2.3. System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#using-system-variables">5.2.4. Using System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-status-variables">5.2.5. Status Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-sql-mode">5.2.6. SQL Modes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-shutdown">5.2.7. The Shutdown Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-side-help-support">5.2.8. Server-Side Help</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#server-startup-programs">5.3. MySQL Server Startup Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysqld-safe">5.3.1. <span><strong class="command">mysqld_safe</strong></span> — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-server">5.3.2. <span><strong class="command">mysql.server</strong></span> — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysqld-multi">5.3.3. <span><strong class="command">mysqld_multi</strong></span> — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager">5.4. <span><strong class="command">mysqlmanager</strong></span> — The MySQL Instance Manager</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-command-options">5.4.1. MySQL Instance Manager Command Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-configuration-files">5.4.2. MySQL Instance Manager Configuration Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-startup-process">5.4.3. Starting the MySQL Server with MySQL Instance Manager</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-security-passwords">5.4.4. Instance Manager User and Password Management</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-security-monitoring">5.4.5. MySQL Server Instance Status Monitoring</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-security">5.4.6. Connecting to MySQL Instance Manager</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#instance-manager-commands">5.4.7. MySQL Instance Manager Commands</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#installation-programs">5.5. MySQL Installation-Related Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#comp-err">5.5.1. <span><strong class="command">comp_err</strong></span> — Compile MySQL Error Message File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#make-win-bin-dist">5.5.2. <span><strong class="command">make_win_bin_dist</strong></span> — Package MySQL Distribution as ZIP Archive</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#make-win-src-distribution">5.5.3. <span><strong class="command">make_win_src_distribution</strong></span> — Create Source Distribution for Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-fix-privilege-tables">5.5.4. <span><strong class="command">mysql_fix_privilege_tables</strong></span> — Upgrade MySQL System Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-install-db">5.5.5. <span><strong class="command">mysql_install_db</strong></span> — Initialize MySQL Data Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-secure-installation">5.5.6. <span><strong class="command">mysql_secure_installation</strong></span> — Improve MySQL Installation Security</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-tzinfo-to-sql">5.5.7. <span><strong class="command">mysql_tzinfo_to_sql</strong></span> — Load the Time Zone Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#mysql-upgrade">5.5.8. <span><strong class="command">mysql_upgrade</strong></span> — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#security">5.6. General Security Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#security-guidelines">5.6.1. General Security Guidelines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#security-against-attack">5.6.2. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#privileges-options">5.6.3. Security-Related <span><strong class="command">mysqld</strong></span> Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#load-data-local">5.6.4. Security Issues with <code class="literal">LOAD DATA LOCAL</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#changing-mysql-user">5.6.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#privilege-system">5.7. The MySQL Access Privilege System</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#what-privileges">5.7.1. What the Privilege System Does</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#privileges">5.7.2. How the Privilege System Works</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#privileges-provided">5.7.3. Privileges Provided by MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#connecting">5.7.4. Connecting to the MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#connection-access">5.7.5. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#request-access">5.7.6. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#privilege-changes">5.7.7. When Privilege Changes Take Effect</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#access-denied">5.7.8. Causes of <code class="literal">Access denied</code> Errors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#password-hashing">5.7.9. Password Hashing as of MySQL 4.1</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#user-account-management">5.8. MySQL User Account Management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#user-names">5.8.1. MySQL Usernames and Passwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#adding-users">5.8.2. Adding New User Accounts to MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#removing-users">5.8.3. Removing User Accounts from MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#user-resources">5.8.4. Limiting Account Resources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#passwords">5.8.5. Assigning Account Passwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#password-security">5.8.6. Keeping Your Password Secure</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#secure-connections">5.8.7. Using Secure Connections</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#disaster-prevention">5.9. Backup and Recovery</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#backup">5.9.1. Database Backups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#backup-strategy-example">5.9.2. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#point-in-time-recovery">5.9.3. Point-in-Time Recovery</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#table-maintenance">5.9.4. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#log-files">5.10. MySQL Server Logs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#error-log">5.10.1. The Error Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#query-log">5.10.2. The General Query Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#binary-log">5.10.3. The Binary Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#slow-query-log">5.10.4. The Slow Query Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#log-file-maintenance">5.10.5. Server Log Maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-servers">5.11. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-windows-servers">5.11.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-unix-servers">5.11.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="server-administration.html#multiple-server-clients">5.11.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="optimization.html">6. Optimization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimize-overview">6.1. Optimization Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#design-limitations">6.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#portability">6.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#internal-use">6.1.3. What We Have Used MySQL For</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#mysql-benchmarks">6.1.4. The MySQL Benchmark Suite</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#custom-benchmarks">6.1.5. Using Your Own Benchmarks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#query-speed">6.2. Optimizing <code class="literal">SELECT</code> and Other Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#explain">6.2.1. Optimizing Queries with <code class="literal">EXPLAIN</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#estimating-performance">6.2.2. Estimating Query Performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#select-speed">6.2.3. Speed of <code class="literal">SELECT</code> Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#where-optimizations">6.2.4. <code class="literal">WHERE</code> Clause Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#range-optimization">6.2.5. Range Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#index-merge-optimization">6.2.6. Index Merge Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#is-null-optimization">6.2.7. <code class="literal">IS NULL</code> Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#left-join-optimization">6.2.8. <code class="literal">LEFT JOIN</code> and <code class="literal">RIGHT JOIN</code>
Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#nested-joins">6.2.9. Nested Join Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#outer-join-simplification">6.2.10. Outer Join Simplification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#order-by-optimization">6.2.11. <code class="literal">ORDER BY</code> Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#group-by-optimization">6.2.12. <code class="literal">GROUP BY</code> Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#distinct-optimization">6.2.13. <code class="literal">DISTINCT</code> Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#in-subquery-optimization">6.2.14. Optimizing <code class="literal">IN</code>/<code class="literal">=ANY</code> Subqueries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#limit-optimization">6.2.15. <code class="literal">LIMIT</code> Optimization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#how-to-avoid-table-scan">6.2.16. How to Avoid Table Scans</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#insert-speed">6.2.17. Speed of <code class="literal">INSERT</code> Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#update-speed">6.2.18. Speed of <code class="literal">UPDATE</code> Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#delete-speed">6.2.19. Speed of <code class="literal">DELETE</code> Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#miscellaneous-optimization-tips">6.2.20. Other Optimization Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#locking-issues">6.3. Locking Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#internal-locking">6.3.1. Internal Locking Methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#table-locking">6.3.2. Table Locking Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#concurrent-inserts">6.3.3. Concurrent Inserts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#external-locking">6.3.4. External Locking</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-database-structure">6.4. Optimizing Database Structure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#design">6.4.1. Design Choices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#data-size">6.4.2. Make Your Data as Small as Possible</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#indexes">6.4.3. Column Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#multiple-column-indexes">6.4.4. Multiple-Column Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#mysql-indexes">6.4.5. How MySQL Uses Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#myisam-key-cache">6.4.6. The <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Key Cache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#myisam-index-statistics">6.4.7. <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Index Statistics Collection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#table-cache">6.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#creating-many-tables">6.4.9. Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#optimizing-the-server">6.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#system-optimization">6.5.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#server-parameters">6.5.2. Tuning Server Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#controlling-optimizer">6.5.3. Controlling Query Optimizer Performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#query-cache">6.5.4. The MySQL Query Cache</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#thread-information">6.5.5. Examining Thread Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#compile-and-link-options">6.5.6. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#memory-use">6.5.7. How MySQL Uses Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#internal-temporary-tables">6.5.8. How MySQL Uses Internal Temporary Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#dns">6.5.9. How MySQL Uses DNS</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#disk-issues">6.6. Disk Issues</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="optimization.html#symbolic-links">6.6.1. Using Symbolic Links</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="client-utility-programs.html">7. Client and Utility Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#client-utility-overview">7.1. Overview of Client and Utility Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#innochecksum">7.2. <span><strong class="command">innochecksum</strong></span> — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisam-ftdump">7.3. <span><strong class="command">myisam_ftdump</strong></span> — Display Full-Text Index information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk">7.4. <span><strong class="command">myisamchk</strong></span> — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk-general-options">7.4.1. <span><strong class="command">myisamchk</strong></span> General Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk-check-options">7.4.2. <span><strong class="command">myisamchk</strong></span> Check Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk-repair-options">7.4.3. <span><strong class="command">myisamchk</strong></span> Repair Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk-other-options">7.4.4. Other <code class="literal">myisamchk</code> Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamchk-memory">7.4.5. <span><strong class="command">myisamchk</strong></span> Memory Usage</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisamlog">7.5. <span><strong class="command">myisamlog</strong></span> — Display MyISAM Log File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#myisampack">7.6. <span><strong class="command">myisampack</strong></span> — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql">7.7. <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> — The MySQL Command-Line Tool</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-command-options">7.7.1. <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-commands">7.7.2. <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> Commands</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-server-side-help">7.7.3. <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> Server-Side Help</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#batch-commands">7.7.4. Executing SQL Statements from a Text File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-tips">7.7.5. <span><strong class="command">mysql</strong></span> Tips</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlaccess">7.8. <span><strong class="command">mysqlaccess</strong></span> — Client for Checking Access Privileges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqladmin">7.9. <span><strong class="command">mysqladmin</strong></span> — Client for Administering a MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlbinlog">7.10. <span><strong class="command">mysqlbinlog</strong></span> — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlcheck">7.11. <span><strong class="command">mysqlcheck</strong></span> — A Table Maintenance and Repair Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqldump">7.12. <span><strong class="command">mysqldump</strong></span> — A Database Backup Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlhotcopy">7.13. <span><strong class="command">mysqlhotcopy</strong></span> — A Database Backup Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlimport">7.14. <span><strong class="command">mysqlimport</strong></span> — A Data Import Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlmanagerc">7.15. <span><strong class="command">mysqlmanagerc</strong></span> — Internal Test-Suite Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlmanager-pwgen">7.16. <span><strong class="command">mysqlmanager-pwgen</strong></span> — Internal Test-Suite Program</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysqlshow">7.17. <span><strong class="command">mysqlshow</strong></span> — Display Database, Table, and Column Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-convert-table-format">7.18. <span><strong class="command">mysql_convert_table_format</strong></span> — Convert Tables to Use a Given Storage
Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-explain-log">7.19. <span><strong class="command">mysql_explain_log</strong></span> — Use EXPLAIN on Statements in Query Log</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-find-rows">7.20. <span><strong class="command">mysql_find_rows</strong></span> — Extract SQL Statements from Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-fix-extensions">7.21. <span><strong class="command">mysql_fix_extensions</strong></span> — Make Table Filename Extensions Lowercase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-setpermission">7.22. <span><strong class="command">mysql_setpermission</strong></span> — Interactively Set Permissions in Grant
Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-tableinfo">7.23. <span><strong class="command">mysql_tableinfo</strong></span> — Generate Database Metadata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-waitpid">7.24. <span><strong class="command">mysql_waitpid</strong></span> — Kill Process and Wait for Its Termination</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-zap">7.25. <span><strong class="command">mysql_zap</strong></span> — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#perror">7.26. <span><strong class="command">perror</strong></span> — Explain Error Codes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#replace-utility">7.27. <span><strong class="command">replace</strong></span> — A String-Replacement Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#resolveip">7.28. <span><strong class="command">resolveip</strong></span> — Resolve Hostname to IP Address or Vice
Versa</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#resolve-stack-dump">7.29. <span><strong class="command">resolve_stack_dump</strong></span> — Resolve Numeric Stack Trace Dump to Symbols</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#programming-utilities">7.30. MySQL Program Development Utilities</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#msql2mysql">7.30.1. <span><strong class="command">msql2mysql</strong></span> — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#mysql-config">7.30.2. <span><strong class="command">mysql_config</strong></span> — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="client-utility-programs.html#my-print-defaults">7.30.3. <span><strong class="command">my_print_defaults</strong></span> — Display Options from Option Files</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="language-structure.html">8. Language Structure</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#literals">8.1. Literal Values</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#string-syntax">8.1.1. Strings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#number-syntax">8.1.2. Numbers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#hexadecimal-values">8.1.3. Hexadecimal Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#boolean-values">8.1.4. Boolean Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#bit-field-values">8.1.5. Bit-Field Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#null-values">8.1.6. <code class="literal">NULL</code> Values</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifiers">8.2. Schema Object Names</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifier-qualifiers">8.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#identifier-case-sensitivity">8.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#function-resolution">8.2.3. Function Name Parsing and Resolution</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#reserved-words">8.3. Reserved Words</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#user-variables">8.4. User-Defined Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="language-structure.html#comments">8.5. Comment Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="internationalization-localization.html">9. Internationalization and Localization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset">9.1. Character Set Support</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-general">9.1.1. Character Sets and Collations in General</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-mysql">9.1.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-syntax">9.1.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-connection">9.1.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-collations">9.1.5. Collation Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-repertoire">9.1.6. String Repertoire</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-operations">9.1.7. Operations Affected by Character Set Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-unicode">9.1.8. Unicode Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-metadata">9.1.9. UTF-8 for Metadata</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-conversion">9.1.10. Column Character Set Conversion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-charsets">9.1.11. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#charset-configuration">9.2. The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#german-character-set">9.2.1. Using the German Character Set</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#error-message-language">9.3. Setting the Error Message Language</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#adding-character-set">9.4. Adding a New Character Set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#character-arrays">9.5. The Character Definition Arrays</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#string-collating">9.6. String Collating Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#multi-byte-characters">9.7. Multi-Byte Character Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#problems-with-character-sets">9.8. Problems With Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#time-zone-support">9.9. MySQL Server Time Zone Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="internationalization-localization.html#locale-support">9.10. MySQL Server Locale Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="data-types.html">10. Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#data-type-overview">10.1. Data Type Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#numeric-type-overview">10.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#date-and-time-type-overview">10.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#string-type-overview">10.1.3. Overview of String Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#data-type-defaults">10.1.4. Data Type Default Values</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#numeric-types">10.2. Numeric Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#date-and-time-types">10.3. Date and Time Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#datetime">10.3.1. The <code class="literal">DATETIME</code>, <code class="literal">DATE</code>, and
<code class="literal">TIMESTAMP</code> Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#time">10.3.2. The <code class="literal">TIME</code> Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#year">10.3.3. The <code class="literal">YEAR</code> Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#y2k-issues">10.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#string-types">10.4. String Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#char">10.4.1. The <code class="literal">CHAR</code> and <code class="literal">VARCHAR</code> Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#binary-varbinary">10.4.2. The <code class="literal">BINARY</code> and <code class="literal">VARBINARY</code> Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#blob">10.4.3. The <code class="literal">BLOB</code> and <code class="literal">TEXT</code> Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#enum">10.4.4. The <code class="literal">ENUM</code> Type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#set">10.4.5. The <code class="literal">SET</code> Type</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#storage-requirements">10.5. Data Type Storage Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#choosing-types">10.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="data-types.html#other-vendor-data-types">10.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="functions.html">11. Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#func-op-summary-ref">11.1. Operator and Function Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#non-typed-operators">11.2. Operators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#operator-precedence">11.2.1. Operator Precedence</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#type-conversion">11.2.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#comparison-operators">11.2.3. Comparison Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#logical-operators">11.2.4. Logical Operators</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#control-flow-functions">11.3. Control Flow Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#string-functions">11.4. String Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#string-comparison-functions">11.4.1. String Comparison Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#regexp">11.4.2. Regular Expressions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#numeric-functions">11.5. Numeric Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#arithmetic-functions">11.5.1. Arithmetic Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#mathematical-functions">11.5.2. Mathematical Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#date-and-time-functions">11.6. Date and Time Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#mysql-calendar">11.7. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-search">11.8. Full-Text Search Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-natural-language">11.8.1. Natural Language Full-Text Searches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-boolean">11.8.2. Boolean Full-Text Searches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-query-expansion">11.8.3. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-stopwords">11.8.4. Full-Text Stopwords</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-restrictions">11.8.5. Full-Text Restrictions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#fulltext-fine-tuning">11.8.6. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#cast-functions">11.9. Cast Functions and Operators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#other-functions">11.10. Other Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#bit-functions">11.10.1. Bit Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#encryption-functions">11.10.2. Encryption and Compression Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#information-functions">11.10.3. Information Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#miscellaneous-functions">11.10.4. Miscellaneous Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-functions-and-modifiers">11.11. Functions and Modifiers for Use with <code class="literal">GROUP BY</code> Clauses</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-functions">11.11.1. <code class="literal">GROUP BY</code> (Aggregate) Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-modifiers">11.11.2. <code class="literal">GROUP BY</code> Modifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="functions.html#group-by-hidden-fields">11.11.3. <code class="literal">GROUP BY</code> and <code class="literal">HAVING</code> with Hidden
Fields</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="sql-syntax.html">12. SQL Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#data-definition">12.1. Data Definition Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-database">12.1.1. <code class="literal">ALTER DATABASE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#alter-table">12.1.2. <code class="literal">ALTER TABLE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-database">12.1.3. <code class="literal">CREATE DATABASE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-index">12.1.4. <code class="literal">CREATE INDEX</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#create-table">12.1.5. <code class="literal">CREATE TABLE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-database">12.1.6. <code class="literal">DROP DATABASE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-index">12.1.7. <code class="literal">DROP INDEX</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#drop-table">12.1.8. <code class="literal">DROP TABLE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#rename-table">12.1.9. <code class="literal">RENAME TABLE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#data-manipulation">12.2. Data Manipulation Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#delete">12.2.1. <code class="literal">DELETE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#do">12.2.2. <code class="literal">DO</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#handler">12.2.3. <code class="literal">HANDLER</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#insert">12.2.4. <code class="literal">INSERT</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#load-data">12.2.5. <code class="literal">LOAD DATA INFILE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replace">12.2.6. <code class="literal">REPLACE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#select">12.2.7. <code class="literal">SELECT</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#subqueries">12.2.8. Subquery Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#truncate">12.2.9. <code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#update">12.2.10. <code class="literal">UPDATE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#basic-user-commands">12.3. MySQL Utility Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#describe">12.3.1. <code class="literal">DESCRIBE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#help">12.3.2. <code class="literal">HELP</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#use">12.3.3. <code class="literal">USE</code> Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#transactional-commands">12.4. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#commit">12.4.1. <code class="literal">START TRANSACTION</code>, <code class="literal">COMMIT</code>, and
<code class="literal">ROLLBACK</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#cannot-roll-back">12.4.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#implicit-commit">12.4.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#savepoints">12.4.4. <code class="literal">SAVEPOINT</code> and <code class="literal">ROLLBACK TO
SAVEPOINT</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#lock-tables">12.4.5. <code class="literal">LOCK TABLES</code> and <code class="literal">UNLOCK TABLES</code>
Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#set-transaction">12.4.6. <code class="literal">SET TRANSACTION</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#xa">12.4.7. XA Transactions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#server-administration-statements">12.5. Database Administration Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#account-management-sql">12.5.1. Account Management Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#table-maintenance-sql">12.5.2. Table Maintenance Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#set-option">12.5.3. <code class="literal">SET</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#show">12.5.4. <code class="literal">SHOW</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#other-administrative-sql">12.5.5. Other Administrative Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-sql">12.6. Replication Statements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-master-sql">12.6.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#replication-slave-sql">12.6.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="sql-syntax.html#sqlps">12.7. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="storage-engines.html">13. Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-storage-engine">13.1. The <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-start">13.1.1. <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Startup Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#key-space">13.1.2. Space Needed for Keys</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-table-formats">13.1.3. <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Table Storage Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#myisam-table-problems">13.1.4. <code class="literal">MyISAM</code> Table Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb">13.2. The <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-overview">13.2.1. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-contact-information">13.2.2. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Contact Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-configuration">13.2.3. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-parameters">13.2.4. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Startup Options and System Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-init">13.2.5. Creating the <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Tablespace</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#using-innodb-tables">13.2.6. Creating and Using <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#adding-and-removing">13.2.7. Adding and Removing <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Data and Log Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-backup">13.2.8. Backing Up and Recovering an <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#moving">13.2.9. Moving an <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Database to Another Machine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-transaction-model">13.2.10. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Transaction Model and Locking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-tuning">13.2.11. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Performance Tuning Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-multi-versioning">13.2.12. Implementation of Multi-Versioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-table-and-index">13.2.13. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Table and Index Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#file-space-management">13.2.14. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> File Space Management and Disk I/O</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-error-handling">13.2.15. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Error Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-restrictions">13.2.16. Restrictions on <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#innodb-troubleshooting">13.2.17. <code class="literal">InnoDB</code> Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#merge-storage-engine">13.3. The <code class="literal">MERGE</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#merge-table-problems">13.3.1. <code class="literal">MERGE</code> Table Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#memory-storage-engine">13.4. The <code class="literal">MEMORY</code> (<code class="literal">HEAP</code>) Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-storage-engine">13.5. The <code class="literal">BDB</code> (<code class="literal">BerkeleyDB</code>) Storage
Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-portability">13.5.1. Operating Systems Supported by <code class="literal">BDB</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-install">13.5.2. Installing <code class="literal">BDB</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-start">13.5.3. <code class="literal">BDB</code> Startup Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-characteristics">13.5.4. Characteristics of <code class="literal">BDB</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-restrictions">13.5.5. Restrictions on <code class="literal">BDB</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#bdb-errors">13.5.6. Errors That May Occur When Using <code class="literal">BDB</code> Tables</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#example-storage-engine">13.6. The <code class="literal">EXAMPLE</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-storage-engine">13.7. The <code class="literal">FEDERATED</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-description">13.7.1. Description of the <code class="literal">FEDERATED</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-use">13.7.2. How to Use <code class="literal">FEDERATED</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#federated-limitations">13.7.3. Limitations of the <code class="literal">FEDERATED</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#archive-storage-engine">13.8. The <code class="literal">ARCHIVE</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#csv-storage-engine">13.9. The <code class="literal">CSV</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="storage-engines.html#blackhole-storage-engine">13.10. The <code class="literal">BLACKHOLE</code> Storage Engine</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ha-overview.html">14. High Availability, Scalability, and DRBD</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ha-overview.html#replication-drbd">14.1. Using MySQL with DRBD for High Availability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ha-overview.html#replication-drbd-install">14.1.1. Configuring a MySQL and DRBD Environment</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ha-overview.html#replication-drbd-install-mysql">14.1.2. Configuring MySQL for DRBD</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="replication.html">15. Replication</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-configuration">15.1. Replication Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-howto">15.1.1. How to Set Up Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-options">15.1.2. Replication Startup Options and Variables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-administration">15.1.3. Common Replication Administration Tasks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions">15.2. Replication Solutions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-backups">15.2.1. Using Replication for Backups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-diffengines">15.2.2. Using Replication with Different Master and Slave Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-scaleout">15.2.3. Using Replication for Scale-Out</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-partitioning">15.2.4. Replicating Different Databases to Different Slaves</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-performance">15.2.5. Improving Replication Performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-switch">15.2.6. Switching Masters During Failover</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-solutions-ssl">15.2.7. Setting Up Replication Using SSL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-notes">15.3. Replication Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-features">15.3.1. Replication Features and Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-compatibility">15.3.2. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-upgrade">15.3.3. Upgrading a Replication Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-faq">15.3.4. Replication FAQ</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-problems">15.3.5. Troubleshooting Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-bugs">15.3.6. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-implementation">15.4. Replication Implementation Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-implementation-details">15.4.1. Replication Implementation Details</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#slave-logs">15.4.2. Replication Relay and Status Files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="replication.html#replication-rules">15.4.3. How Servers Evaluate Replication Rules</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-cluster.html">16. MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-overview">16.1. MySQL Cluster Overview</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-basics">16.1.1. MySQL Cluster Core Concepts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-nodes-groups">16.1.2. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-computer">16.2. Simple Multi-Computer How-To</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-hardware-software-network">16.2.1. Hardware, Software, and Networking</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-install">16.2.2. Multi-Computer Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-config">16.2.3. Multi-Computer Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-initial">16.2.4. Initial Startup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-load-data-queries">16.2.5. Loading Sample Data and Performing Queries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-multi-shutdown-restart">16.2.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-configuration">16.3. MySQL Cluster Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-building">16.3.1. Building MySQL Cluster from Source Code</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-installing">16.3.2. Installing the Cluster Software</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-quick">16.3.3. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-config-file">16.3.4. Configuration File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-config-params-overview">16.3.5. Overview of Cluster Configuration Parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-config-lcp-params">16.3.6. Configuring Parameters for Local Checkpoints</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-upgrade-downgrade">16.4. Upgrading and Downgrading MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-rolling-restart">16.4.1. Performing a Rolling Restart of the Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-upgrade-downgrade-compatibility">16.4.2. Cluster Upgrade and Downgrade Compatibility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-process-management">16.5. Process Management in MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-mysqld-process">16.5.1. MySQL Server Process Usage for MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-ndbd-process">16.5.2. <span><strong class="command">ndbd</strong></span> — The Storage Engine Node Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-ndb-mgmd-process">16.5.3. <span><strong class="command">ndb_mgmd</strong></span> — The Management Server Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-ndb-mgm-process">16.5.4. <span><strong class="command">ndb_mgm</strong></span> — The Management Client Process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-command-options">16.5.5. Command Options for MySQL Cluster Processes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-management">16.6. Management of MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-start-phases">16.6.1. Summary of MySQL Cluster Start Phases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands">16.6.2. Commands in the MySQL Cluster Management Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-event-reports">16.6.3. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-single-user-mode">16.6.4. Single User Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-sql-statements">16.6.5. Quick Reference: MySQL Cluster SQL Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup">16.7. On-line Backup of MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup-concepts">16.7.1. Cluster Backup Concepts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup-using-management-client">16.7.2. Using The Management Client to Create a Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-restore">16.7.3. <span><strong class="command">ndb_restore</strong></span> — Restore a Cluster Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup-configuration">16.7.4. Configuration for Cluster Backup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-backup-troubleshooting">16.7.5. Backup Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities">16.8. Cluster Utility Programs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-config">16.8.1. <span><strong class="command">ndb_config</strong></span> — Extract NDB Configuration Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-cpcd">16.8.2. <span><strong class="command">ndb_cpcd</strong></span> — Automate Testing for NDB Development</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-delete-all">16.8.3. <span><strong class="command">ndb_delete_all</strong></span> — Delete All Rows from NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-desc">16.8.4. <span><strong class="command">ndb_desc</strong></span> — Describe NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-drop-index">16.8.5. <span><strong class="command">ndb_drop_index</strong></span> — Drop Index from NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-drop-table">16.8.6. <span><strong class="command">ndb_drop_table</strong></span> — Drop NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-error-reporter">16.8.7. <span><strong class="command">ndb_error_reporter</strong></span> — NDB Error-Reporting Utility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-print-backup-file">16.8.8. <span><strong class="command">ndb_print_backup_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Backup File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-print-schema-file">16.8.9. <span><strong class="command">ndb_print_schema_file</strong></span> — Print NDB Schema File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-print-sys-file">16.8.10. <span><strong class="command">ndb_print_sys_file</strong></span> — Print NDB System File Contents</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-select-all">16.8.11. <span><strong class="command">ndb_select_all</strong></span> — Print Rows from NDB Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-select-count">16.8.12. <span><strong class="command">ndb_select_count</strong></span> — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-show-tables">16.8.13. <span><strong class="command">ndb_show_tables</strong></span> — Display List of NDB Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-size">16.8.14. <span><strong class="command">ndb_size.pl</strong></span> — NDBCluster Size Requirement Estimator</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-utilities-ndb-waiter">16.8.15. <span><strong class="command">ndb_waiter</strong></span> — Wait for Cluster to Reach a Given Status</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-interconnects">16.9. Using High-Speed Interconnects with MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-sci-sockets">16.9.1. Configuring MySQL Cluster to use SCI Sockets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-performance-figures">16.9.2. Understanding the Impact of Cluster Interconnects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations">16.10. Known Limitations of MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-syntax">16.10.1. Non-Compliance In SQL Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-limits">16.10.2. Limits and Differences from Standard MySQL Limits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions">16.10.3. Limits Relating to Transaction Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-error-handling">16.10.4. Error Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-database-objects">16.10.5. Limits Associated with Database Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-unsupported-missing">16.10.6. Unsupported Or Missing Features</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-performance">16.10.7. Limitations Relating to Performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster">16.10.8. Issues Exclusive to MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-multiple-nodes">16.10.9. Limitations Relating to Multiple Cluster Nodes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-limitations-resolved">16.10.10. Previous MySQL Cluster Issues Resolved in MySQL 5.0</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-roadmap">16.11. MySQL Cluster Development Roadmap</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-5-0-changes">16.11.1. MySQL Cluster Changes in MySQL 5.0</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-5-1-roadmap">16.11.2. MySQL 5.1 Development Roadmap for MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-cluster.html#mysql-cluster-glossary">16.12. MySQL Cluster Glossary</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="spatial-extensions.html">17. Spatial Extensions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-introduction">17.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#opengis-geometry-model">17.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-geometry-class-hierarchy">17.2.1. The Geometry Class Hierarchy</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-geometry">17.2.2. Class <code class="literal">Geometry</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-point">17.2.3. Class <code class="literal">Point</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-curve">17.2.4. Class <code class="literal">Curve</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-linestring">17.2.5. Class <code class="literal">LineString</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-surface">17.2.6. Class <code class="literal">Surface</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-polygon">17.2.7. Class <code class="literal">Polygon</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-geometrycollection">17.2.8. Class <code class="literal">GeometryCollection</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-multipoint">17.2.9. Class <code class="literal">MultiPoint</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-multicurve">17.2.10. Class <code class="literal">MultiCurve</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-multilinestring">17.2.11. Class <code class="literal">MultiLineString</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-multisurface">17.2.12. Class <code class="literal">MultiSurface</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-class-multipolygon">17.2.13. Class <code class="literal">MultiPolygon</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#supported-spatial-data-formats">17.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-wkt-format">17.3.1. Well-Known Text (WKT) Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#gis-wkb-format">17.3.2. Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#creating-a-spatially-enabled-mysql-database">17.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#mysql-spatial-datatypes">17.4.1. MySQL Spatial Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#creating-spatial-values">17.4.2. Creating Spatial Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#creating-spatial-columns">17.4.3. Creating Spatial Columns</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#populating-spatial-columns">17.4.4. Populating Spatial Columns</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#fetching-spatial-data">17.4.5. Fetching Spatial Data</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#analysing-spatial-information">17.5. Analyzing Spatial Information</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#functions-to-convert-geometries-between-formats">17.5.1. Geometry Format Conversion Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#geometry-property-functions">17.5.2. <code class="literal">Geometry</code> Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#functions-that-create-new-geometries-from-existing-ones">17.5.3. Functions That Create New Geometries from Existing Ones</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#functions-for-testing-spatial-relations-between-geometric-objects">17.5.4. Functions for Testing Spatial Relations Between Geometric Objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#relations-on-geometry-mbr">17.5.5. Relations on Geometry Minimal Bounding Rectangles (MBRs)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#functions-that-test-spatial-relationships-between-geometries">17.5.6. Functions That Test Spatial Relationships Between Geometries</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#optimizing-spatial-analysis">17.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#creating-spatial-indexes">17.6.1. Creating Spatial Indexes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#using-a-spatial-index">17.6.2. Using a Spatial Index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spatial-extensions.html#mysql-gis-conformance-and-compatibility">17.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="stored-procedures.html">18. Stored Procedures and Functions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#stored-procedure-privileges">18.1. Stored Routines and the Grant Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#stored-procedure-syntax">18.2. Stored Routine Syntax</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#create-procedure">18.2.1. <code class="literal">CREATE PROCEDURE</code> and <code class="literal">CREATE
FUNCTION</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#alter-procedure">18.2.2. <code class="literal">ALTER PROCEDURE</code> and <code class="literal">ALTER FUNCTION</code>
Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#drop-procedure">18.2.3. <code class="literal">DROP PROCEDURE</code> and <code class="literal">DROP FUNCTION</code>
Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#call">18.2.4. <code class="literal">CALL</code> Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#begin-end">18.2.5. <code class="literal">BEGIN ... END</code> Compound Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#declare">18.2.6. <code class="literal">DECLARE</code> Statement Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#variables-in-stored-procedures">18.2.7. Variables in Stored Routines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#conditions-and-handlers">18.2.8. Conditions and Handlers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#cursors">18.2.9. Cursors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#flow-control-constructs">18.2.10. Flow Control Constructs</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#stored-procedure-last-insert-id">18.3. Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and
<code class="literal">LAST_INSERT_ID()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stored-procedures.html#stored-procedure-logging">18.4. Binary Logging of Stored Routines and Triggers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="triggers.html">19. Triggers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="triggers.html#create-trigger">19.1. <code class="literal">CREATE TRIGGER</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="triggers.html#drop-trigger">19.2. <code class="literal">DROP TRIGGER</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="triggers.html#using-triggers">19.3. Using Triggers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="views.html">20. Views</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="views.html#alter-view">20.1. <code class="literal">ALTER VIEW</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="views.html#create-view">20.2. <code class="literal">CREATE VIEW</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="views.html#drop-view">20.3. <code class="literal">DROP VIEW</code> Syntax</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="information-schema.html">21. <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#schemata-table">21.1. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#tables-table">21.2. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#columns-table">21.3. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#statistics-table">21.4. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#user-privileges-table">21.5. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#schema-privileges-table">21.6. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#table-privileges-table">21.7. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#column-privileges-table">21.8. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#character-sets-table">21.9. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#collations-table">21.10. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#collation-character-set-applicability-table">21.11. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA
COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#table-constraints-table">21.12. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#key-column-usage-table">21.13. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#routines-table">21.14. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#views-table">21.15. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#triggers-table">21.16. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#profiling-table">21.17. The <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING</code> Table</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#other-information-schema-tables">21.18. Other <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code> Tables</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="information-schema.html#extended-show">21.19. Extensions to <code class="literal">SHOW</code> Statements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="precision-math.html">22. Precision Math</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="precision-math.html#precision-math-numbers">22.1. Types of Numeric Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="precision-math.html#precision-math-decimal-changes">22.2. <code class="literal">DECIMAL</code> Data Type Changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="precision-math.html#precision-math-expressions">22.3. Expression Handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="precision-math.html#precision-math-rounding">22.4. Rounding Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="precision-math.html#precision-math-examples">22.5. Precision Math Examples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="apis.html">23. APIs and Libraries</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#libmysqld">23.1. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c">23.2. MySQL C API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-datatypes">23.2.1. C API Data Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-function-overview">23.2.2. C API Function Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-functions">23.2.3. C API Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-prepared-statements">23.2.4. C API Prepared Statements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-datatypes">23.2.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-function-overview">23.2.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-functions">23.2.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-prepared-statement-problems">23.2.8. C API Prepared Statement Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-multiple-queries">23.2.9. C API Handling of Multiple Statement Execution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-date-handling">23.2.10. C API Handling of Date and Time Values</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-thread-functions">23.2.11. C API Threaded Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-embedded-server-func">23.2.12. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#auto-reconnect">23.2.13. Controlling Automatic Reconnect Behavior</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#c-api-problems">23.2.14. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#building-clients">23.2.15. Building Client Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#threaded-clients">23.2.16. How to Make a Threaded Client</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#php">23.3. MySQL PHP API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#php-problems">23.3.1. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#php-mysql-mysqli">23.3.2. Enabling Both <code class="literal">mysql</code> and <code class="literal">mysqli</code> in
PHP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#perl">23.4. MySQL Perl API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#cplusplus">23.5. MySQL C++ API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#python">23.6. MySQL Python API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#tcl">23.7. MySQL Tcl API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="apis.html#eiffel">23.8. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="connectors.html">24. Connectors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-connector">24.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-introduction">24.1.1. Introduction to Connector/ODBC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-installation">24.1.2. Connector/ODBC Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-configuration">24.1.3. Connector/ODBC Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-examples">24.1.4. Connector/ODBC Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-reference">24.1.5. Connector/ODBC Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-usagenotes">24.1.6. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#myodbc-support">24.1.7. Connector/ODBC Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net">24.2. MySQL Connector/NET</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net-versions">24.2.1. Connector/NET Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net-installation">24.2.2. Connector/NET Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net-examples">24.2.3. Connector/NET Examples and Usage Guide</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net-ref">24.2.4. Connector/NET Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-net-using">24.2.5. Connector/NET Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connect-net-support">24.2.6. Connector/NET Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-vstudio">24.3. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-vstudio-install">24.3.1. Installing the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-vstudio-creating">24.3.2. Creating a connection to the MySQL server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-vstudio-using">24.3.3. Using the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-vstudio-support">24.3.4. Visual Studio Plugin Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j">24.4. MySQL Connector/J</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-versions">24.4.1. Connector/J Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-installing">24.4.2. Connector/J Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples">24.4.3. Connector/J Examples</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-reference">24.4.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-usagenotes">24.4.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-j-support">24.4.6. Connector/J Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj">24.5. MySQL Connector/MXJ</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-introduction">24.5.1. Introduction to Connector/MXJ</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-install">24.5.2. Connector/MXJ Installation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-configuration">24.5.3. Connector/MXJ Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-ref">24.5.4. Connector/MXJ Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-usagenotes">24.5.5. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-mxj-support">24.5.6. Connector/MXJ Support</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connectors.html#connector-php">24.6. Connector/PHP</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="mysql-proxy.html">25. MySQL Proxy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-platforms">25.1. MySQL Proxy Supported Platforms</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-install">25.2. Installing MySQL Proxy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-install-binary">25.2.1. Installing MySQL Proxy from a binary distribution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-install-source">25.2.2. Installing MySQL Proxy from a source distribution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-install-svn">25.2.3. Installing MySQL Proxy from the Subversion repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-cmdline">25.3. MySQL Proxy Command Line Options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting">25.4. MySQL Proxy Scripting</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-injection">25.4.1. Proxy Scripting Sequence During Query Injection</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-structures">25.4.2. Internal Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-connect-server">25.4.3. Capturing a connection with <code class="literal">connect_server()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-read-handshake">25.4.4. Examining the handshake with <code class="literal">read_handshake()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-read-auth">25.4.5. Examining the authentication credentials with
<code class="literal">read_auth()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-read-auth-result">25.4.6. Accessing authentication information with
<code class="literal">read_auth_result()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-read-query">25.4.7. Manipulating Queries with <code class="literal">read_query()</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-scripting-read-query-result">25.4.8. Manipulating Results with <code class="literal">read_query_result()</code></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-using">25.5. Using MySQL Proxy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="mysql-proxy.html#mysql-proxy-using-admin">25.5.1. Using the Administration Interface</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="extending-mysql.html">26. Extending MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-internals">26.1. MySQL Internals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-threads">26.1.1. MySQL Threads</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#mysql-test-suite">26.1.2. MySQL Test Suite</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-functions">26.2. Adding New Functions to MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#udf-features">26.2.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#create-function">26.2.2. <code class="literal">CREATE FUNCTION</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#drop-function">26.2.3. <code class="literal">DROP FUNCTION</code> Syntax</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-udf">26.2.4. Adding a New User-Defined Function</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-native-function">26.2.5. Adding a New Native Function</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#adding-procedures">26.3. Adding New Procedures to MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#procedure-analyse">26.3.1. Procedure Analyse</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#writing-a-procedure">26.3.2. Writing a Procedure</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#porting">26.4. Debugging and Porting MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#debugging-server">26.4.1. Debugging a MySQL Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#debugging-client">26.4.2. Debugging a MySQL Client</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#the-dbug-package">26.4.3. The DBUG Package</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#rts-threads">26.4.4. Comments about RTS Threads</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extending-mysql.html#thread-packages">26.4.5. Differences Between Thread Packages</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="faqs.html">A. MySQL 5.0 Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-general">A.1. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — General</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-storage-engines">A.2. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Storage Engines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-sql-modes">A.3. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Server SQL Mode</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-stored-procs">A.4. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Stored Procedures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-triggers">A.5. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Triggers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-views">A.6. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-information-schema">A.7. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — <code class="literal">INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-migration">A.8. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Migration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-security">A.9. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Security</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-mysql-cluster">A.10. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-cjk">A.11. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-connectors-apis">A.12. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Connectors & APIs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-replication">A.13. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-mysql-drbd-heartbeat">A.14. MySQL 5.0 FAQ — MySQL, DRBD, and Heartbeat</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#faqs-drbd">A.14.1. Distributed Replicated Block Device</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-linux-heartbeat">A.14.2. Linux Heartbeat</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-architecture">A.14.3. DRBD Architecture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-mysql-replication-scale">A.14.4. DRBD and MySQL Replication</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-file-systems">A.14.5. DRBD and File Systems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-lvm">A.14.6. DRBD and LVM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-virtualization">A.14.7. DRBD and Virtualization</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-security">A.14.8. DRBD and Security</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-system-requirements">A.14.9. DRBD and System Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="faqs.html#drbd-support-consulting">A.14.10. DBRD and Support and Consulting</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="error-handling.html">B. Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#problems">B.1. Problems and Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#what-is-crashing">B.1.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#common-errors">B.1.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#installation-issues">B.1.3. Installation-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#administration-issues">B.1.4. Administration-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#query-issues">B.1.5. Query-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#optimizer-issues">B.1.6. Optimizer-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#table-definition-issues">B.1.7. Table Definition-Related Issues</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#bugs">B.1.8. Known Issues in MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-messages-server">B.2. Server Error Codes and Messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="error-handling.html#error-messages-client">B.3. Client Error Codes and Messages</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="releasenotes-es.html">C. MySQL Enterprise Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0">C.1. MySQL Enterprise 5.0 Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-54">C.1.1. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.54 [MRU] (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-52">C.1.2. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.52 [MRU] (30 Nov 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-50">C.1.3. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.50 [MRU] (19 Oct 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-48">C.1.4. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.48 [MRU] (27 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-46">C.1.5. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.46 [MRU] (13 July 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-44sp1">C.1.6. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.44sp1 [QSP] (01 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-44">C.1.7. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.44 [MRU] (21 June 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-42">C.1.8. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.42 [MRU] (23 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-40">C.1.9. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.40 [MRU] (17 April 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-38">C.1.10. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.38 [MRU] (20 March 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-36sp1">C.1.11. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.36sp1 [QSP] (12 April 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-36">C.1.12. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.36 [MRU] (20 February 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-34">C.1.13. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.34 [MRU] (17 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-32">C.1.14. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.32 [MRU] (20 December 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-30sp1">C.1.15. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.30sp1 [QSP] (19 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-30">C.1.16. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.30 [MRU] (14 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-es.html#releasenotes-es-5-0-28">C.1.17. Release Notes for MySQL Enterprise 5.0.28 (24 October 2006)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html">D. MySQL Community Server Enhancements and Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0">D.1. MySQL Community Server 5.0 Enhancements and Release Notes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-51">D.1.1. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.51 (15 November 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-45">D.1.2. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.45 (04 July 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-41">D.1.3. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.41 (01 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-37">D.1.4. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.37 (27 February 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-33">D.1.5. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.33 (09 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="releasenotes-cs.html#releasenotes-cs-5-0-27">D.1.6. Release Notes for MySQL Community Server 5.0.27 (21 October 2006)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="news.html">E. MySQL Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-x">E.1. Changes in release 5.0.x (Production)</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-27">E.1.1. Changes for release 5.0.27 and up</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-26">E.1.2. Changes in MySQL 5.0.26 (03 October 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-25">E.1.3. Changes in MySQL 5.0.25 (15 September 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-24a">E.1.4. Changes in MySQL 5.0.24a (25 August 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-24">E.1.5. Changes in MySQL 5.0.24 (27 July 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-23">E.1.6. Changes in MySQL 5.0.23 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-22">E.1.7. Changes in MySQL 5.0.22 (24 May 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-21">E.1.8. Changes in MySQL 5.0.21 (02 May 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-20a">E.1.9. Changes in MySQL 5.0.20a (18 April 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-20">E.1.10. Changes in MySQL 5.0.20 (31 March 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-19">E.1.11. Changes in MySQL 5.0.19 (04 March 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-18">E.1.12. Changes in MySQL 5.0.18 (21 December 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-17">E.1.13. Changes in MySQL 5.0.17 (14 December 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-16">E.1.14. Changes in MySQL 5.0.16 (10 November 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-15">E.1.15. Changes in MySQL 5.0.15 (19 October 2005: Production)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-14">E.1.16. Changes in MySQL 5.0.14 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-13">E.1.17. Changes in MySQL 5.0.13 (22 September 2005: Release Candidate)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-12">E.1.18. Changes in MySQL 5.0.12 (02 September 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-11">E.1.19. Changes in MySQL 5.0.11 (06 August 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-10">E.1.20. Changes in MySQL 5.0.10 (27 July 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-9">E.1.21. Changes in MySQL 5.0.9 (15 July 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-8">E.1.22. Changes in MySQL 5.0.8 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-7">E.1.23. Changes in MySQL 5.0.7 (10 June 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-6">E.1.24. Changes in MySQL 5.0.6 (26 May 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-5">E.1.25. Changes in MySQL 5.0.5 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-4">E.1.26. Changes in MySQL 5.0.4 (16 April 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-3">E.1.27. Changes in MySQL 5.0.3 (23 March 2005: Beta)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-2">E.1.28. Changes in MySQL 5.0.2 (01 December 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-1">E.1.29. Changes in MySQL 5.0.1 (27 July 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-5-0-0">E.1.30. Changes in MySQL 5.0.0 (22 December 2003: Alpha)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-change-history">E.2. Changes in MySQL Cluster</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-7">E.2.1. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.7 (10 June 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-6">E.2.2. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.6 (26 May 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-5">E.2.3. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.5 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-4">E.2.4. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.4 (16 April 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-3">E.2.5. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.3 (23 March 2005: Beta)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-5-0-1">E.2.6. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.1 (27 July 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-13">E.2.7. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.13 (15 July 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-12">E.2.8. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.12 (13 May 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-11">E.2.9. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.11 (01 April 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-10">E.2.10. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.10 (12 February 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-9">E.2.11. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.9 (13 January 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-8">E.2.12. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.8 (14 December 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-7">E.2.13. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.7 (23 October 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-6">E.2.14. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.6 (10 October 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-5">E.2.15. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.5 (16 September 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-4">E.2.16. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.4 (31 August 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-cluster-news-4-1-3">E.2.17. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.3 (28 June 2004)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news">E.3. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-1-1">E.3.1. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.1.1 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-1-0">E.3.2. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.1.0 (10 September 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-12">E.3.3. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.12 (Never released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-11">E.3.4. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.11 (31 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-10">E.3.5. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.10 (14 December 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-9">E.3.6. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.9 (22 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-8">E.3.7. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.8 (17 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-7">E.3.8. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.7 (08 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-6">E.3.9. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.6 (03 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-5">E.3.10. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.5 (17 October 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-3">E.3.11. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.3 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 3) (20 June
2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-2">E.3.12. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.2 (Never released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-5-0-1">E.3.13. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.1 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 2) (05 June
2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-22">E.3.14. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.22 (13 November 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-21">E.3.15. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.21 (08 October 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-20">E.3.16. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.20 (10 September 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-19">E.3.17. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.19 (10 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-18">E.3.18. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.18 (08 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-17">E.3.19. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.17 (14 July 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-16">E.3.20. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.16 (14 June 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-15">E.3.21. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.15 (7 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-14">E.3.22. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.14 (08 March 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-13">E.3.23. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 (Never released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-12">E.3.24. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.12 (11 Febrauary 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#myodbc-news-3-51-11">E.3.25. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.11 (28 January 2005)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news">E.4. MySQL Connector/NET Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-1-4">E.4.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.4 (20 November 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-1-3">E.4.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.3 (21 September 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-1-2">E.4.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.2 (18 June 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-1-1">E.4.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.1 (23 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-1-0">E.4.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.1.0 (01 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-9">E.4.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.9 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-8">E.4.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.8 (21 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-7">E.4.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.7 (18 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-6">E.4.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.6 (22 March 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-5">E.4.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.5 (07 March 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-4">E.4.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.4 (Not released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-3">E.4.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.3 (05 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-2">E.4.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.2 (06 November 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-1">E.4.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.1 (01 October 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-5-0-0">E.4.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 5.0.0 (08 August 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-11">E.4.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.11 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-10">E.4.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.10 (24 August 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-9">E.4.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.9 (02 February 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-8">E.4.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.8 (20 October 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-7">E.4.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.7 (21 November 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-6">E.4.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.6 (03 October 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-5">E.4.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.5 (29 August 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-4">E.4.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.4 (20 January 2005)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-3">E.4.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.3 (12 October 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-2">E.4.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.2 (15 November 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-1">E.4.26. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.1 (27 October 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-1-0-0">E.4.27. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET 1.0.0 (01 September 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-0-9-0">E.4.28. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-76">E.4.29. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.76</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-75">E.4.30. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.75</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-0-74">E.4.31. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.74</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-71">E.4.32. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.71</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-70">E.4.33. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.70</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-68">E.4.34. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.68</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-65">E.4.35. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.65</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-60">E.4.36. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.60</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#connector-net-news-0-50">E.4.37. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.50</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#vstudio-plugin-news">E.5. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#vstudio-plugin-news-1-0-3">E.5.1. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.3 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#vstudio-plugin-news-1-0-2">E.5.2. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.2 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#vstudio-plugin-news-1-0-1">E.5.3. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.1 (4 October 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#vstudio-plugin-news-1-0-0">E.5.4. Changes in MySQL Visual Studio Plugin 1.0.0 (4 October 2006)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cj-news">E.6. MySQL Connector/J Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cj-news-5-1">E.6.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cj-news-5-0">E.6.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cg-news-3-1">E.6.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cg-news-3-0">E.6.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cj-news-2-0">E.6.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cj-news-1-2b">E.6.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2b (04 July 1999)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#cg-news-1-0">E.6.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj">E.7. MySQL Connector/MXJ Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-6">E.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.6 (04 May 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-5">E.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.5 (14 March 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-4">E.7.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.4 (28 January 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-3">E.7.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.3 (24 June 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-2">E.7.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.2 (15 June 2006)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-1">E.7.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.1 (Never released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#news-connector-mxj-5-0-0">E.7.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/MXJ 5.0.0 (09 December 2005)</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-proxy-news">E.8. MySQL Proxy Change History</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-proxy-news-0-6-0">E.8.1. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.6.0 (Not yet released)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-proxy-news-0-5-1">E.8.2. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.1 (30 June 2007)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="news.html#mysql-proxy-news-0-5-0">E.8.3. Changes in MySQL Proxy 0.5.0 (19 June 2007)</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="restrictions.html">F. Limits and Restrictions</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#routine-restrictions">F.1. Restrictions on Stored Routines and Triggers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#cursor-restrictions">F.2. Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#subquery-restrictions">F.3. Restrictions on Subqueries</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#view-restrictions">F.4. Restrictions on Views</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#xa-restrictions">F.5. Restrictions on XA Transactions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#limits">F.6. Limits in MySQL</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#joins-limits">F.6.1. Limits of Joins</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="restrictions.html#column-count-limit">F.6.2. The Maximum Number of Columns Per Table</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="credits.html">G. Credits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#developers">G.1. Developers at MySQL AB</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#contributors">G.2. Contributors to MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#documenters-translators">G.3. Documenters and translators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#used-libraries">G.4. Libraries used by and included with MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#packages">G.5. Packages that support MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#tools-used-to-create-mysql">G.6. Tools that were used to create MySQL</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="credits.html#supporters">G.7. Supporters of MySQL</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">Index</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><b>List of Figures</b></p><dl><dt>15.1. <a href="replication.html#figure_replication-scaleout">Using replication to improve the performance during scaleout</a></dt><dt>15.2. <a href="replication.html#figure_replication-multi-db">Using replication to replicate separate DBs to multiple hosts</a></dt><dt>15.3. <a href="replication.html#figure_replication-performance">Using an additional replication host to improve performance</a></dt><dt>15.4. <a href="replication.html#figure_replication-redundancy-before">Redundancy using replication, initial structure</a></dt><dt>15.5. <a href="replication.html#figure_replication-redundancy-after">Redundancy using replication, after master failure</a></dt><dt>A.1. <a href="faqs.html#active-master-mysql-server">Active-Master MySQL server</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><b>List of Tables</b></p><dl><dt>2.1. <a href="installing.html#id2511300">Build (<code class="literal">configure</code>) Reference</a></dt><dt>24.1. <a href="connectors.html#id3137689">Mapping of MySQL Error Numbers to SQLStates</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-examples"><p><b>List of Examples</b></p><dl><dt>24.1. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-connection-drivermanager">Obtaining a connection from the <code class="literal">DriverManager</code></a></dt><dt>24.2. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-execute-select">Using java.sql.Statement to execute a <code class="literal">SELECT</code> query</a></dt><dt>24.3. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-stored-procedure">Stored Procedures</a></dt><dt>24.4. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-preparecall">Using <code class="literal">Connection.prepareCall()</code></a></dt><dt>24.5. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-output-param">Registering output parameters</a></dt><dt>24.6. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-callablestatement">Setting <code class="literal">CallableStatement</code> input parameters</a></dt><dt>24.7. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-retrieving-results-params">Retrieving results and output parameter values</a></dt><dt>24.8. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-autoincrement-getgeneratedkeys">Retrieving <code class="literal">AUTO_INCREMENT</code> column values using
<code class="literal">Statement.getGeneratedKeys()</code></a></dt><dt>24.9. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-autoincrement-select">Retrieving <code class="literal">AUTO_INCREMENT</code> column values using
<code class="literal">SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()</code></a></dt><dt>24.10. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-autoincrement-updateable-resultsets">Retrieving <code class="literal">AUTO_INCREMENT</code> column values in
<code class="literal">Updatable ResultSets</code></a></dt><dt>24.11. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-connectionpool-j2ee">Using a connection pool with a J2EE application server</a></dt><dt>24.12. <a href="connectors.html#connector-j-examples-transaction-retry">Example of transaction with retry logic</a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="preface.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Preface</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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