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postgresql8.3-docs-8.3.6-2mdv2008.1.x86_64.rpm

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><DIV
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><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION"
>18.3. Connections and Authentication</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SETTINGS"
>18.3.1. Connection Settings</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-LISTEN-ADDRESSES"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>listen_addresses</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>         Specifies the TCP/IP address(es) on which the server is
         to listen for connections from client applications.
         The value takes the form of a comma-separated list of host names
         and/or numeric IP addresses.  The special entry <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>*</TT
>
         corresponds to all available IP interfaces.
         If the list is empty, the server does not listen on any IP interface
         at all, in which case only Unix-domain sockets can be used to connect
         to it.
         The default value is <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>localhost</SPAN
>,
         which allows only local <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"loopback"</SPAN
> connections to be made.
         This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-PORT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>port</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        The TCP port the server listens on; 5432 by default.  Note that the
        same port number is used for all IP addresses the server listens on.
        This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-MAX-CONNECTIONS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>max_connections</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Determines the maximum number of concurrent connections to the
        database server. The default is typically 100 connections, but
        might be less if your kernel settings will not support it (as
        determined during <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>initdb</SPAN
>).  This parameter can
        only be set at server start.
       </P
><P
>        Increasing this parameter might cause <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
        to request more <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>System V</SPAN
> shared
        memory or semaphores than your operating system's default configuration
        allows. See <A
HREF="kernel-resources.html#SYSVIPC"
>Section 17.4.1</A
> for information on how to
        adjust those parameters, if necessary.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-SUPERUSER-RESERVED-CONNECTIONS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>superuser_reserved_connections</TT
>
      (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Determines the number of connection <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"slots"</SPAN
> that
        are reserved for connections by <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
        superusers.  At most <A
HREF="runtime-config-connection.html#GUC-MAX-CONNECTIONS"
>max_connections</A
>
        connections can ever be active simultaneously.  Whenever the
        number of active concurrent connections is at least
        <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>max_connections</TT
> minus
        <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>superuser_reserved_connections</TT
>, new
        connections will be accepted only for superusers.
       </P
><P
>        The default value is three connections. The value must be less
        than the value of <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>max_connections</TT
>. This
        parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-UNIX-SOCKET-DIRECTORY"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_directory</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Specifies the directory of the Unix-domain socket on which the
        server is to listen for
        connections from client applications.  The default is normally
        <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tmp</TT
>, but can be changed at build time.
        This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-UNIX-SOCKET-GROUP"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_group</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the owning group of the Unix-domain socket.  (The owning
        user of the socket is always the user that starts the
        server.)  In combination with the parameter
        <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_permissions</TT
> this can be used as
        an additional access control mechanism for Unix-domain connections.
        By default this is the empty string, which selects the default
        group for the current user.  This parameter can only be set at
        server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-UNIX-SOCKET-PERMISSIONS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_permissions</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the access permissions of the Unix-domain socket.  Unix-domain
        sockets use the usual Unix file system permission set.
        The parameter value is expected to be a numeric mode
        specification in the form accepted by the
        <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>chmod</CODE
> and <CODE
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>umask</CODE
>
        system calls.  (To use the customary octal format the number
        must start with a <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0</TT
> (zero).)
       </P
><P
>        The default permissions are <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0777</TT
>, meaning
        anyone can connect. Reasonable alternatives are
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0770</TT
> (only user and group, see also
        <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>unix_socket_group</TT
>) and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0700</TT
>
        (only user). (Note that for a Unix-domain socket, only write
        permission matters and so there is no point in setting or revoking
        read or execute permissions.)
       </P
><P
>        This access control mechanism is independent of the one
        described in <A
HREF="client-authentication.html"
>Chapter 21</A
>.
       </P
><P
>        This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-BONJOUR-NAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>bonjour_name</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Specifies the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Bonjour</SPAN
> broadcast
        name.  The computer name is used if this parameter is set to the
        empty string <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>''</TT
> (which is the default).  This parameter is
        ignored if the server was not compiled with
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Bonjour</SPAN
> support.
        This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-TCP-KEEPALIVES-IDLE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>tcp_keepalives_idle</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        On systems that support the <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPIDLE</TT
> socket option, specifies the
        number of seconds between sending keepalives on an otherwise idle
        connection. A value of zero uses the system default. If <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPIDLE</TT
> is
        not supported, this parameter must be zero. This parameter is ignored for
        connections made via a Unix-domain socket.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-TCP-KEEPALIVES-INTERVAL"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>tcp_keepalives_interval</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        On systems that support the <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPINTVL</TT
> socket option, specifies how
        long, in seconds, to wait for a response to a keepalive before
        retransmitting. A value of zero uses the system default. If <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPINTVL</TT
>
        is not supported, this parameter must be zero. This parameter is ignored
        for connections made via a Unix-domain socket.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-TCP-KEEPALIVES-COUNT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>tcp_keepalives_count</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        On systems that support the <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPCNT</TT
> socket option, specifies how
        many keepalives can be lost before the connection is considered dead.
        A value of zero uses the system default. If <TT
CLASS="SYMBOL"
>TCP_KEEPCNT</TT
> is not
        supported, this parameter must be zero. This parameter is ignored
        for connections made via a Unix-domain socket.
       </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="RUNTIME-CONFIG-CONNECTION-SECURITY"
>18.3.2. Security and Authentication</A
></H2
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-AUTHENTICATION-TIMEOUT"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>authentication_timeout</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>integer</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Maximum time to complete client authentication, in seconds. If a
        would-be client has not completed the authentication protocol in
        this much time, the server breaks the connection. This prevents
        hung clients from occupying a connection indefinitely.
        The default is one minute (<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1m</TT
>).
        This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
        file or on the server command line.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-SSL"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>ssl</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Enables <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SSL</ACRONYM
> connections. Please read
        <A
HREF="ssl-tcp.html"
>Section 17.8</A
> before using this. The default
        is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>off</TT
>. This parameter can only be set at server
        start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-SSL-CIPHERS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>ssl_ciphers</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Specifies a list of <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SSL</ACRONYM
> ciphers that are allowed to be
        used on secure connections. See the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>openssl</SPAN
>
        manual page for a list of supported ciphers.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-PASSWORD-ENCRYPTION"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>password_encryption</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        When a password is specified in <A
HREF="sql-createuser.html"
><I
>CREATE USER</I
></A
> or
        <A
HREF="sql-alteruser.html"
><I
>ALTER USER</I
></A
>
        without writing either <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ENCRYPTED</TT
> or
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UNENCRYPTED</TT
>, this parameter determines whether the
        password is to be encrypted. The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>on</TT
>
        (encrypt the password).
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-KRB-REALM"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_realm</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the realm to match Kerberos, GSSAPI and SSPI user names against.
        See <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#KERBEROS-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.5</A
>, <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#GSSAPI-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.3</A
> or
        <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#SSPI-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.4</A
> for details. This parameter can only be
        set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-KRB-SERVER-KEYFILE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_server_keyfile</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the location of the Kerberos server key file. See
        <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#KERBEROS-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.5</A
> or <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#GSSAPI-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.3</A
> 
        for details. This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-KRB-SRVNAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_srvname</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the Kerberos service name. See <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#KERBEROS-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.5</A
>
        for details.  This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-KRB-SERVER-HOSTNAME"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_server_hostname</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>string</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets the host name part of the service principal.
        This, combined with <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_srvname</TT
>, is used to generate
        the complete service principal, that is
        <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_srvname</TT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>/</TT
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_server_hostname</TT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
>REALM.
        If not set, the default is the server host name.  See <A
HREF="auth-methods.html#KERBEROS-AUTH"
>Section 21.2.5</A
>
        for details.  This parameter can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-KRB-CASEINS-USERS"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>krb_caseins_users</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        Sets whether Kerberos and GSSAPI user names should be treated
        case-insensitively.
        The default is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>off</TT
> (case sensitive). This parameter
        can only be set at server start.
       </P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="GUC-DB-USER-NAMESPACE"
></A
><TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>db_user_namespace</TT
> (<TT
CLASS="TYPE"
>boolean</TT
>)</DT
><DD
><P
>        This parameter enables per-database user names.  It is off by default.
        This parameter can only be set in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>postgresql.conf</TT
>
        file or on the server command line.
       </P
><P
>        If this is on, you should create users as <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>username@dbname</TT
>.
        When <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>username</TT
> is passed by a connecting client,
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
> and the database name are appended to the user
        name and that database-specific user name is looked up by the
        server. Note that when you create users with names containing
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
> within the SQL environment, you will need to
        quote the user name.
       </P
><P
>        With this parameter enabled, you can still create ordinary global
        users.  Simply append <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
> when specifying the user
        name in the client.  The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>@</TT
> will be stripped off
        before the user name is looked up by the server.
       </P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>         This feature is intended as a temporary measure until a
         complete solution is found.  At that time, this option will
         be removed.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
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