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<a name="Ancient-notation"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="World-music.html#World-music">World music</a>,
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<h2 class="unnumbered">Ancient notation</h2>
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Ancient-notation.html#Ancient-notation">Ancient notation</a>.
<p><a name="adding-a-figured-bass-above-or-below-the-notes.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Adding a figured bass above or below the notes</h3>
<p>When writing a figured bass, here's a way to specify if you want your
figures to be placed above or below the bass notes, by defining the
<code>BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction</code> property (exclusively
in a <code>Staff</code> context). Choices are <code>#UP</code> (or <code>#1</code>),
<code>#CENTER</code> (or <code>#0</code>) and <code>#DOWN</code> (or <code>#-1</code>).
<p>As you can see here, this property can be changed as many times as you
wish. Use <code>\once \override</code> if you don't want the tweak to apply
to the whole score.
<pre class="verbatim">
bass = { \clef bass g4 b, c d e d8 c d2}
continuo = \figuremode {
< _ >4 < 6 >8
\once \override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #CENTER
<5/> < _ >4
\override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #UP
< _+ > < 6 >
\set Staff.useBassFigureExtenders = ##t
\override Staff.BassFigureAlignmentPositioning #'direction = #DOWN
< 4 >4. < 4 >8 < _+ >4
}
\score {
<< \new Staff = bassStaff \bass
\context Staff = bassStaff \continuo >>
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../c3/lily-30b0c753.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../c3/lily-30b0c753.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="ancient-fonts.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ancient fonts</h3>
<p>Here are shown many (all?) of the symbols that are included in
LilyPond's support of ancient notation.
<pre class="verbatim">
upperStaff = \context GregorianStaff = "upperStaff" <<
\context GregorianVoice <<
\set Score.timing = ##f
% \set Score.forceAccidental = ##t %%%%%%%% FIXME: what happened to this property?
\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #4
\transpose c c {
\override Staff.KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-vaticana-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-vaticana-glyph-name-alist
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.punctum
\key es \major
\clef "vaticana-fa2"
c!1 des! e! f! ges!
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.inclinatum
a! b! ces'
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 1 (8*1)
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.quilisma
b! des'! ges! fes!
\breathe
\clef "vaticana-fa1"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.plica
es d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.reverse-plica
c d
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break %2 (8*1)
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.punctum-cavum
es f
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.lpes
g as
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.upes
bes as
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.vupes
g f
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.linea-punctum
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #2.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 3 (8*1)
es d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.epiphonus
c d
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.cephalicus
es f
\override Staff.KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-medicaea-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-medicaea-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'medicaea
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.punctum
\clef "medicaea-fa2"
ces! des!
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 4 (8*1)
e! f! ges!
\clef "medicaea-do2"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.inclinatum
a! b! ces'!
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.virga
b! a!
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 5 (8*1)
ges! fes!
\clef "medicaea-fa1"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'medicaea.rvirga
e! des! ces!
\override Staff.KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-hufnagel-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-hufnagel-glyph-name-alist
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'hufnagel
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.punctum
\clef "hufnagel-fa2"
ces! des! es!
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 6 (8*1)
fes! ges!
\clef "hufnagel-do2"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.lpes
as! bes! ces'!
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.virga
bes! as!
\override Staff.BarLine #'bar-size = #3.0 \bar "|"
% \break % 7 (8*1)
ges! fes!
\clef "hufnagel-do-fa"
\override NoteHead #'style = #'hufnagel.punctum
es! des! ces! des! es! fes!
\bar "||"
% \break % 8 (8*1)
s32*1
% \break % 12 (32*1)
}
>>
>>
lowerStaff = \context MensuralStaff = "lowerStaff" <<
\context MensuralVoice <<
% this is broken until further notice -- see refman
% \override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #5
\applyOutput #'Staff #(outputproperty-compatibility (make-type-checker 'staff-symbol-interface) 'line-count 5)
\transpose c c {
\set autoBeaming = ##f
\override NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\key a \major
% FIXME: lily crashes on some (invalid?) ligatures with:
% ERROR: In procedure gh_scm2int:
% ERROR: Wrong type argument in position 1: ()
% FIXME: lily emits "Programming error: Infinity or NaN encountered"
% on many ligatures such as BB.
cis'1 d'\breve gis'\breve e'\breve \[ e'\longa fis'\longa \]
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "neomensural-c2"
cis1
\bar "|"
% \break % 2 (16*1)
\[ g\breve dis''\longa \]
b\breve \[ a\longa d\longa \]
\clef "petrucci-c2"
% \break % 4 (16*1)
fis1 ces1
\clef "petrucci-c2"
r\longa
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-c2"
r\breve
\bar "|"
% \break % 5 (8*1)
r2
\clef "mensural-g"
r4 r8 r16 r16
\override NoteHead #'style = #'mensural
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'mensural
\override Stem #'thickness = #1.0
\override Rest #'style = #'mensural
\clef "petrucci-f"
c8 b, c16 b, c32 b, c64 b, c64 b,
d8 e d16 e d32 e d64 e d64 e
r\longa
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "petrucci-f"
r\breve
\bar "|"
% \break % 6 (8*1)
r\breve
\clef "mensural-f"
% FIXME: must set Stem flag-style to #'neomensural to avoid
% segmentation fault on r8/r16/r32. (Strange: what has
% Stem flag-style to do with mensural rests?)
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'neomensural
% FIXME: produces warnings about "flag `neomensurald4' (or 3) not found".
r2 r4 r8 r16 r16
\override Stem #'flag-style = #'mensural
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-f"
e\breve f g a1
\clef "mensural-g"
% \break % 7 (8*1)
\[ bes'!\longa a'!\longa c''!\longa \]
e'1 d' c' d' \bar "|"
\bar "|"
% \break % 9 (16*1)
bes'!\longa fis'!1 as'!1 ges'!\longa % lig
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-g"
e'2 d' c' \bar "|"
% \break % 11 (16*1)
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "petrucci-g"
c'2 d' e' f'
\clef "petrucci-g"
g' as'! bes'! cis''!
bes'! as'! gis'! fis'!
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\clef "mensural-g"
es'! des'! cis'!1 \bar "||"
% \break % 12 (8*1)
}
>>
>>
\paper {
line-thickness = #(/ staff-space 5.0)
}
\score {
\context Score <<
\upperStaff
\lowerStaff
>>
\layout {
% do we want to keep these settings? -gp
line-width = 17.25\cm
textheight = 26.0\cm
indent = 0.0
\context {
\Score
\accepts MensuralStaff
\accepts GregorianStaff
% timing = ##f %%%%%%%% FIXME: this has no effect
}
\context {
\Voice
\name MensuralVoice
\alias Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
\consists Mensural_ligature_engraver
\override NoteHead #'style = #'mensural
% \override Stem #'flag-style = #'mensural %%%%%%%% FIXME: this core dumps
\override Stem #'thickness = #1.0
\override Rest #'style = #'mensural
autoBeaming = ##f
}
\context {
\Voice
\name GregorianVoice
\alias Voice
\remove Ligature_bracket_engraver
% \consists Gregorian_ligature_engraver %%%%%%%% TODO: not yet implemented
\override NoteHead #'style = #'vaticana.punctum
autoBeaming = ##f
}
\context {
\Staff
\name MensuralStaff
\alias Staff
\accepts MensuralVoice
\consists Custos_engraver
\override TimeSignature #'style = #'mensural
\override KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-mensural-glyph-name-alist
\override Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-mensural-glyph-name-alist
\override Custos #'style = #'mensural
\override Custos #'neutral-position = #3
\override Custos #'neutral-direction = #-1
clefGlyph = #"clefs.petrucci-c2"
clefPosition = #-2
clefOctavation = #0
}
\context {
\Staff
\name GregorianStaff
\alias Staff
\accepts GregorianVoice
\consists Custos_engraver
\remove Time_signature_engraver
\override StaffSymbol #'thickness = #2.0
\override StaffSymbol #'line-count = #4
\override KeySignature #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-vaticana-glyph-name-alist
\override Accidental #'glyph-name-alist = #alteration-vaticana-glyph-name-alist
\override Custos #'style = #'vaticana
\override Custos #'neutral-position = #4
\override Custos #'neutral-direction = #-1
clefGlyph = #"clefs.vaticana-do"
clefPosition = #1
clefOctavation = #0
}
\context {
\RemoveEmptyStaffContext
\accepts MensuralVoice
\accepts GregorianVoice
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../fe/lily-afb44340.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../fe/lily-afb44340.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-gregorian-music.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of gregorian music</h3>
<p>This example demonstrates how to do modern transcription of Gregorian
music. Gregorian music has no measure, no stems; it uses only half and
quarter note heads, and special marks, indicating rests of different
length.
<pre class="verbatim">
\include "gregorian-init.ly"
chant = \relative c' {
\set Score.timing = ##f
f4 a2 \divisioMinima
g4 b a2 f2 \divisioMaior
g4( f) f( g) a2 \finalis
}
verba = \lyricmode {
Lo -- rem ip -- sum do -- lor sit a -- met
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice = "melody" \chant
\new Lyrics = "one" \lyricsto melody \verba
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
\override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
\context {
\Voice
\override Stem #'length = #0
}
\context {
\Score
barAlways = ##t
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../92/lily-0f9ec382.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../92/lily-0f9ec382.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="ancient-notation-template----modern-transcription-of-mensural-music.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ancient notation template – modern transcription of mensural music</h3>
<p>When transcribing mensural music, an incipit at the beginning of the
piece is useful to indicate the original key and tempo. While today
musicians are used to bar lines in order to faster recognize rhythmic
patterns, bar lines were not yet invented during the period of mensural
music; in fact, the meter often changed after every few notes. As a
compromise, bar lines are often printed between the staves rather than
on the staves.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
% incipit
\once \override Score.SystemStartBracket #'transparent = ##t
\override Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment = #1.0 % tight spacing
\key f \major
\time 2/2
\once \override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
\override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'neomensural
\override Voice.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
\set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##f
\cadenzaOn % turn off bar lines
\skip 1*10
\once \override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
\bar "||"
\skip 1*1 % need this extra \skip such that clef change comes
% after bar line
\bar ""
% main
\revert Score.SpacingSpanner #'spacing-increment % CHECK: no effect?
\cadenzaOff % turn bar lines on again
\once \override Staff.Clef #'full-size-change = ##t
\set Staff.forceClef = ##t
\key g \major
\time 4/4
\override Voice.NoteHead #'style = #'default
\override Voice.Rest #'style = #'default
% FIXME: setting printKeyCancellation back to #t must not
% occur in the first bar after the incipit. Dto. for forceClef.
% Therefore, we need an extra \skip.
\skip 1*1
\set Staff.printKeyCancellation = ##t
\set Staff.forceClef = ##f
\skip 1*7 % the actual music
% let finis bar go through all staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
% finis bar
\bar "|."
}
discantusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Discantus "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c1"
c'1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*8 % eight bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble"
d'2. d'4 |
b e' d'2 |
c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
a4) b a2 |
b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t c'1 |
b\breve |
}
}
discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- |
la -- te De -- |
o, om --
nis ter -- |
ra, __ om- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
altusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Altus "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c3"
r1 % one bar
f1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*7 % seven bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble"
r2 g2. e4 fis g | % two bars
a2 g4 e |
fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
g1 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t g1 |
g\breve |
}
}
altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
De -- o, om -- |
nis ter -- ra, |
"..." |
-us. |
}
tenorNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Tenor "
% incipit
\clef "neomensural-c4"
r\longa % four bars
r\breve % two bars
r1 % one bar
c'1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "treble_8"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
r2 d'2. d'4 b e' | % two bars
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e'1 |
d'\breve |
}
}
tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi -- la -- te | % two bars
"..." |
-us. |
}
bassusNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bassus "
% incipit
\clef "bass"
r\maxima % eight bars
f1. s2 % two bars
\skip 1*1 % one bar
% main
\clef "bass"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
g2. e4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t e1 |
g\breve |
}
}
bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% incipit
IV-
% main
Ju -- bi- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
\score {
\new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
\new Voice =
"discantusNotes" << \global \discantusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
\new Voice =
"altusNotes" << \global \altusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
\new Voice =
"tenorNotes" << \global \tenorNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
\new Voice =
"bassusNotes" << \global \bassusNotes >>
\new Lyrics =
"bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
% no bars in staves
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
% incipit should not start with a start delimiter
\remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
}
\context {
\Voice
% no slurs
\override Slur #'transparent = ##t
% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
% breaking also at those barlines where a note overlaps
% into the next bar. The command is commented out in this
% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../a9/lily-f99b5fb1.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../a9/lily-f99b5fb1.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="ancient-time-signatures.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ancient time signatures</h3>
<p>Time signatures may also be engraved in an old style.
<pre class="verbatim">
{
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'style = #'neomensural
s1
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../a1/lily-14b7045f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../a1/lily-14b7045f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="chant-or-psalms-notation.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Chant or psalms notation</h3>
<p>This form of notation is used for the chant of the Psalms, where verses
aren't always the same length.
<pre class="verbatim">
stemOn = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##f }
stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t }
\score {
\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
{
\key g \minor
\set Score.timing = ##f
\stemOff a'\breve bes'4 g'4
\stemOn a'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve g'4 a'4
\stemOn f'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve^\markup { \italic flexe }
\stemOn g'2 \bar "||"
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../36/lily-43a8112c.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../36/lily-43a8112c.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="custodes.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Custodes</h3>
<p>Custodes may be engraved in various styles.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout { ragged-right = ##t }
\new Staff \with { \consists "Custos_engraver" } \relative c' {
\override Staff.Custos #'neutral-position = #4
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'hufnagel
c1^"hufnagel" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'medicaea
c1^"medicaea" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'vaticana
c1^"vaticana" \break
<d a' f'>1
\override Staff.Custos #'style = #'mensural
c1^"mensural" \break
<d a' f'>1
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../9c/lily-d7f7902b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../9c/lily-d7f7902b.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="incipit.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Incipit</h3>
<p>Incipits can be added using the instrument name grob, but
keeping separate the instrument name definition and the incipit definition.
<pre class="verbatim">
incipit =
#(define-music-function (parser location incipit-music) (ly:music?)
#{
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-X = #RIGHT
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'self-alignment-Y = #UP
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'Y-offset = #4
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'padding = #0.3
\once \override Staff.InstrumentName #'stencil =
#(lambda (grob)
(let* ((instrument-name (ly:grob-property grob 'long-text))
(layout (ly:output-def-clone (ly:grob-layout grob)))
(music (make-music 'SequentialMusic
'elements (list (make-music 'ContextSpeccedMusic
'context-type 'MensuralStaff
'element (make-music 'PropertySet
'symbol 'instrumentName
'value instrument-name))
$incipit-music)))
(score (ly:make-score music))
(mm (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'mm))
(indent (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'indent))
(width (ly:output-def-lookup layout 'incipit-width))
(incipit-width (if (number? width)
(* width mm)
(* indent 0.5))))
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'indent (- indent incipit-width))
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'line-width indent)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'ragged-right #f)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'ragged-last #f)
(ly:output-def-set-variable! layout 'system-count 1)
(ly:score-add-output-def! score layout)
(set! (ly:grob-property grob 'long-text)
(markup #:score score))
(ly:system-start-text::print grob)))
#})
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
global = {
\set Score.skipBars = ##t
\key g \major
\time 4/4
%make the staff lines invisible on staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
% the actual music
\skip 1*8
% let finis bar go through all staves
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##f
% finis bar
\bar "|."
}
discantusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = discantusIncipit <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c1"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
c''1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto discantusIncipit { IV- }
>>
discantusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef "treble"
d'2. d'4 |
b e' d'2 |
c'4 e'4.( d'8 c' b |
a4) b a2 |
b4.( c'8 d'4) c'4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
c'1 |
b\breve |
}
}
discantusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi -- |
la -- te De -- |
o, om --
nis ter -- |
ra, __ om- |
"..." |
-us. |
}
altusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = altusIncipit <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c3"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r1 f'1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto altusIncipit { IV- }
>>
altusNotes = {
\transpose c' c'' {
\clef "treble"
% two measures
r2 g2. e4 fis g |
a2 g4 e |
fis g4.( fis16 e fis4) |
g1 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
g1 |
g\breve |
}
}
altusLyrics = \lyricmode {
% two measures
Ju -- bi -- la -- te |
De -- o, om -- |
nis ter -- ra, |
"..." |
-us. |
}
tenorIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = tenorIncipit <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "neomensural-c4"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
r\longa
r\breve
r1 c'1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto tenorIncipit { IV- }
>>
tenorNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\once \override Staff.VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-6 . 3)
\clef "treble_8"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
% two measures
r2 d'2. d'4 b e' |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
e'1 |
d'\breve |
}
}
tenorLyrics = \lyricmode {
% two measures
Ju -- bi -- la -- te |
"..." |
-us.
}
bassusIncipit = <<
\new MensuralVoice = bassusIncipit <<
\repeat unfold 9 { s1 \noBreak }
{
\clef "bass"
\key f \major
\time 2/2
%% incipit
r\maxima
f1.
}
>>
\new Lyrics \lyricsto bassusIncipit { IV- }
>>
bassusNotes = {
\transpose c' c' {
\clef "bass"
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
R1 |
g2. e4 |
\once \override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
e1 |
g\breve |
}
}
bassusLyrics = \lyricmode {
Ju -- bi- |
"..." |
-us.
}
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = choirStaff <<
\new Voice = "discantusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Discantus"
\incipit \discantusIncipit
\discantusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "discantusLyrics" \lyricsto discantusNotes { \discantusLyrics }
\new Voice = "altusNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Altus"
\incipit \altusIncipit
\altusNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "altusLyrics" \lyricsto altusNotes { \altusLyrics }
\new Voice = "tenorNotes" <<
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor"
\incipit \tenorIncipit
\tenorNotes
>>
\new Lyrics = "tenorLyrics" \lyricsto tenorNotes { \tenorLyrics }
\new Voice = "bassusNotes" <<
\set Staff.instrumentName = "Bassus"
\incipit \bassusIncipit
\bassusNotes
>>
>>
\new Lyrics = "bassusLyrics" \lyricsto bassusNotes { \bassusLyrics }
%% Keep the bass lyrics outside of the staff group to avoid bar lines
%% between the lyrics.
>>
\layout {
\context {
\Score
%% no bar lines in staves
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
}
%% the next three instructions keep the lyrics between the bar lines
\context {
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
\override BarLine #'transparent = ##t
}
\context {
\StaffGroup
\consists "Separating_line_group_engraver"
}
\context {
\Voice
%% no slurs
\override Slur #'transparent = ##t
%% Comment in the below "\remove" command to allow line
%% breaking also at those bar lines where a note overlaps
%% into the next measure. The command is commented out in this
%% short example score, but especially for large scores, you
%% will typically yield better line breaking and thus improve
%% overall spacing if you comment in the following command.
%%\remove "Forbid_line_break_engraver"
}
indent=6\cm
incipit-width = 4\cm
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../67/lily-f7349074.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../67/lily-f7349074.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="mensurstriche-layout-bar-lines-between-the-staves.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Mensurstriche layout (bar lines between the staves)</h3>
<p>The mensurstriche-layout where the bar lines do not show on the staves
but between staves can be achieved with a <code>StaffGroup</code> instead of
a <code>ChoirStaff</code>. The bar line on staves is blanked out by setting
the <code>transparent</code> property.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
s1 s
% the final bar line is not interrupted
\revert Staff.BarLine #'transparent
\bar "|."
}
\new StaffGroup \relative c'' {
<<
\new Staff { << \global { c1 c } >> }
\new Staff { << \global { c c } >> }
>>
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../d4/lily-0139e5aa.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../d4/lily-0139e5aa.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="rest-styles.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Rest styles</h3>
<p>Rests may be used in various styles.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout {
indent = 0.0
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
}
}
\relative c {
\set Score.timing = ##f
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'mensural
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { mensural }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 r128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'neomensural
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { neomensural }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 r128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'classical
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { classical }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 r128
\bar ""
\override Staff.Rest #'style = #'default
r\maxima^\markup \typewriter { default }
r\longa r\breve r1 r2 r4 r8 r16 r32 r64 r128 r128
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../b4/lily-5bfcd48c.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../b4/lily-5bfcd48c.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
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