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<a name="Editorial-annotations"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Text.html#Text">Text</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Staff-notation.html#Staff-notation">Staff notation</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
<hr>
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<h2 class="unnumbered">Editorial annotations</h2>
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Editorial-annotations.html#Editorial-annotations">Editorial annotations</a>.
<p><a name="adding-fingerings-to-a-score.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Adding fingerings to a score</h3>
<p>Fingering instructions can be entered using a simple syntax.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
c4-1 d-2 f-4 e-3
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../c8/lily-da20b121.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../c8/lily-da20b121.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="allowing-fingerings-to-be-printed-inside-the-staff.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Allowing fingerings to be printed inside the staff</h3>
<p>By default, fingering numbers will be printed outside the staff.
However, this behavior can be canceled.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
<c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2
\once \override Fingering #'staff-padding = #'()
<c-1 e-2 g-3 b-5>2
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../51/lily-3f70c2ad.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../51/lily-3f70c2ad.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="analysis-brackets-above-the-staff.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Analysis brackets above the staff</h3>
<p>Simple horizontal analysis brackets are added below the staff by
default. The following example shows a way to place them above the
staff instead.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout {
\context {
\Voice
\consists "Horizontal_bracket_engraver"
}
}
\relative c'' {
\once \override HorizontalBracket #'direction = #UP
c2\startGroup
d\stopGroup
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../17/lily-b04ac6ea.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../17/lily-b04ac6ea.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="applying-note-head-styles-depending-on-the-step-of-the-scale.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Applying note head styles depending on the step of the scale</h3>
<p>The <code>shapeNoteStyles</code> property can be used to define various note
head styles for each step of the scale (as set by the key signature or
the "tonic" property). This property requires a set of symbols, which
can be purely arbitrary (geometrical expressions such as
<code>triangle</code>, <code>cross</code>, and <code>xcircle</code> are allowed) or based
on old American engraving tradition (some latin note names are also
allowed).
<p>That said, to imitate old American song books, there are several
predefined note head styles available through shortcut commands such as
<code>\aikenHeads</code> or <code>\sacredHarpHeads</code>.
<p>This example shows different ways to obtain shape note heads, and
demonstrates the ability to transpose a melody without losing the
correspondence between harmonic functions and note head styles.
<pre class="verbatim">
fragment = {
\key c \major
c2 d
e2 f
g2 a
b2 c
}
\score {
\new Staff {
\transpose c d
\relative c' {
\set shapeNoteStyles = #'#(do re mi fa #f la ti)
\fragment
}
\relative c' {
\set shapeNoteStyles = #'#(cross triangle fa #f mensural xcircle diamond)
\fragment
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../2e/lily-520cfded.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../2e/lily-520cfded.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="blanking-staff-lines-using-the--whiteout-command.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Blanking staff lines using the \whiteout command</h3>
<p>The <code>\whiteout</code> command underlays a markup with a white box.
Since staff lines are in a lower layer than most other grobs, this
white box will not overlap any other grob.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout { ragged-right = ##f }
\relative c' {
\override TextScript #'extra-offset = #'(2 . 4)
c2-\markup { \whiteout \pad-markup #0.5 "middle C" } c
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../56/lily-e5c94de5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../56/lily-e5c94de5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="changing-a-single-notes-size-in-a-chord.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Changing a single note's size in a chord</h3>
<p>Individual note heads in a chord can be modified with the
<code>\tweak</code> command inside a chord, by altering the <code>font-size</code>
property.
<p>Inside the chord (within the brackets <code>< ></code>), before the note to
be altered, place the <code>\tweak</code> command, followed by
<code>#'font-size</code> and define the proper size like <code>#-2</code> (a tiny
notehead).
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout { ragged-right = ##t }
\relative {
<\tweak #'font-size #+2 c e g c \tweak #'font-size #-2 e>1^\markup { A tiny e }_\markup { A big c }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../69/lily-7e4a3f0d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../69/lily-7e4a3f0d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="changing-the-appearance-of-a-slur-from-solid-to-dotted-or-dashed.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Changing the appearance of a slur from solid to dotted or dashed</h3>
<p>The appearance of slurs may be changed from solid to dotted or dashed.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
c4( d e c)
\slurDotted
c4( d e c)
\slurSolid
c4( d e c)
\slurDashed
c4( d e c)
\slurSolid
c4( d e c)
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../7e/lily-91555c1f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../7e/lily-91555c1f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</h3>
<p>The placement of fingering numbers can be controlled precisely.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>2
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>2
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../de/lily-34875599.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../de/lily-34875599.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="creating-blank-staves.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Creating blank staves</h3>
<p>To create blank staves, generate empty measures then remove the
<code>Bar_number_engraver</code> from the <code>Score</code> context, and the
<code>Time_signature_engraver</code>, <code>Clef_engraver</code> and
<code>Bar_engraver</code> from the <code>Staff</code> context.
<pre class="verbatim">
#(set-global-staff-size 20)
\score {
{
\repeat unfold 12 { s1 \break }
}
\layout {
indent = 0\in
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
}
\context {
\Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
}
}
\paper {
#(set-paper-size "letter")
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
line-width = 7.5\in
left-margin = 0.5\in
bottom-margin = 0.25\in
top-margin = 0.25\in
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../63/lily-e0186df5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../63/lily-e0186df5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="default-direction-of-stems-on-the-center-line-of-the-staff.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Default direction of stems on the center line of the staff</h3>
<p>The default direction of stems on the center line of the staff is set
by the <code>Stem</code> property <code>neutral-direction</code>.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
a4 b c b
\override Stem #'neutral-direction = #up
a4 b c b
\override Stem #'neutral-direction = #down
a4 b c b
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../d2/lily-0294ff9f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../d2/lily-0294ff9f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="embedding-native-postscript-in-a--markup-block.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Embedding native PostScript in a \markup block</h3>
<p>PostScript code can be directly inserted inside a <code>\markup</code>
block.
<pre class="verbatim">
% PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Inc.
\relative c'' {
a4-\markup { \postscript #"3 4 moveto 5 3 rlineto stroke" }
-\markup { \postscript #"[ 0 1 ] 0 setdash 3 5 moveto 5 -3 rlineto stroke " }
b4-\markup { \postscript #"3 4 moveto 0 0 1 2 8 4 20 3.5 rcurveto stroke" }
s2
a'1
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../8f/lily-cec3187d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../8f/lily-cec3187d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="grid-lines--changing-their-appearance.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Grid lines: changing their appearance</h3>
<p>The appearance of grid lines can be changed by overriding some of their
properties.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
% set up grids
\consists "Grid_point_engraver"
% set the grid interval to one quarter note
gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
}
}
\new Score \with {
\consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
% this moves them to the right half a staff space
\override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
}
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff {
\relative c'' {
\stemUp
c'4. d8 e8 f g4
}
}
\new Staff {
\relative c {
% this moves them up one staff space from the default position
\override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'(0.0 . 1.0)
\stemDown
\clef bass
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #5.0
c4
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #1.0
g'
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #3.0
f
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #5.0
e
}
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../50/lily-fa1785ca.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../50/lily-fa1785ca.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="grid-lines--emphasizing-rhythms-and-notes-synchronization.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Grid lines: emphasizing rhythms and notes synchronization</h3>
<p>Regular vertical lines can be drawn between staves to show notes
synchronization; however, in case of monophonic music, you may want to
make the second stave invisible, and make the lines shorter like in
this snippet.
<pre class="verbatim">
%% sets of grid
\layout {
\context {
\Staff
\consists "Grid_point_engraver"
gridInterval = #(ly:make-moment 1 8)
%% lines length
\override GridPoint #'Y-extent = #'(6 . 0)
}
\context {
\StaffGroup
\remove "System_start_delimiter_engraver"
}
}
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
}
\new Score
\with {
\consists "Grid_line_span_engraver"
%% centers grid lines horizontally below noteheads
\override NoteColumn #'X-offset = #-0.5
}
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff
{
\time 12/8
\stemUp
\relative {
c'4. d8 e8 f g4 f8 e8.[ d16 c8] }
}
\new Staff
{
%% making sure the lines will be placed outside the Staff
\override Score.GridLine #'extra-offset = #'( 0.0 . -4.0 )
%% hides staff and notes so that only the grid lines are visible
\override NoteHead #'transparent = ##t
\override NoteHead #'no-ledgers = ##t
\override Stem #'transparent = ##t
\override Beam #'transparent = ##t
\override Staff.BarLine #'transparent = ##t
\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-count = #0
\override Staff.TimeSignature #'transparent = ##t
\override Staff.Clef #'transparent = ##t
% you have to put 'dummy' notes here to force regular grid spacing...
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #4.0
c8 c8 c8
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #3.0
c8 c8 c8
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #4.0
c8 c8 c8
\once \override Score.GridLine #'thickness = #3.0
c8 c8 c8
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../a6/lily-f2f405c6.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../a6/lily-f2f405c6.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="making-some-staff-lines-thicker-than-the-others.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Making some staff lines thicker than the others</h3>
<p>For pedagogical purposes, a staff line can be thickened (e.g., the
middle line, or to emphasize the line of the G clef). This can be
achieved by adding extra lines very close to the line that should be
emphasized, using the <code>line-positions</code> property of the
<code>StaffSymbol</code> object.
<pre class="verbatim">
{
\override Staff.StaffSymbol #'line-positions = #'(-4 -2 -0.2 0 0.2 2 4)
d'4 e' f' g'
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../88/lily-f408db2d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../88/lily-f408db2d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="measure-counter.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Measure counter</h3>
<p>This snippet provides a workaround for emitting measure counters using
transparent percent repeats.
<pre class="verbatim">
<<
\context Voice = "foo" {
\clef bass
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
c4 r g r
}
\context Voice = "foo" {
\set countPercentRepeats = ##t
\override PercentRepeat #'transparent = ##t
\override PercentRepeatCounter #'staff-padding = #1
\repeat percent 4 { s1 }
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../a1/lily-804e41ff.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../a1/lily-804e41ff.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
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