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<a name="Keyboards"></a>
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<hr>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Keyboards</h2>
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Keyboard-instruments.html#Keyboard-instruments">Keyboard instruments</a>.
<p><a name="accordion-discant-symbols.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Accordion-discant symbols</h3>
<p>Accordion discant-specific symbols are added using <code>\markup</code>. The
vertical placement of the symbols can be tweaked by changing the
<code>\raise</code> arguments.
<pre class="verbatim">
discant = \markup {
\musicglyph #"accordion.accDiscant"
}
dot = \markup {
\musicglyph #"accordion.accDot"
}
% 16 voets register
accBasson = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\raise #0.5 \dot
}
% een korig 8 en 16 voets register
accBandon = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\raise #1.5 \dot
}
accVCello = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
}
% 4-8-16 voets register
accHarmon = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accTrombon = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\translate #'(-1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
}
% eenkorig 4 en 16 voets register
accOrgan = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accMaster = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #0.5 \dot
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(-1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accAccord = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(-1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accMusette = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\translate #'(-1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
}
accCeleste = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\translate #'(-1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
}
accOboe = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accClarin = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\raise #1.5 \dot
}
accPiccolo = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
accViolin = ^\markup {
\combine
\discant
\combine
\raise #1.5 \dot
\combine
\translate #'(1 . 0) \raise #1.5 \dot
\raise #2.5 \dot
}
\relative c'' {
c4 d\accBasson e f
c4 d\accBandon e f
c4 d\accVCello e f
c4 d\accHarmon e f
c4 d\accTrombon e f
c4 d\accOrgan e f
c4 d\accMaster e f
c4 d\accAccord e f
c4 d\accMusette e f
c4 d\accCeleste e f
c4 d\accOboe e f
c4 d\accClarin e f
c4 d\accPiccolo e f
c4 d\accViolin e f
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../60/lily-f324a46f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../60/lily-f324a46f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="clusters.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Clusters</h3>
<p>Clusters are a device to denote that a complete range of notes is to be
played.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout {
ragged-right = ##t
}
fragment = \relative c' {
c4 f <e d'>4
<g a>8 <e a> a4 c2 <d b>4
e2 c
}
<<
\new Staff \fragment
\new Staff \makeClusters \fragment
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../67/lily-7b23dbb9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../67/lily-7b23dbb9.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="controlling-the-placement-of-chord-fingerings.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Controlling the placement of chord fingerings</h3>
<p>The placement of fingering numbers can be controlled precisely.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(right)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>4
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(left down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>2
\set fingeringOrientations = #'(up right down)
<c-1 e-3 a-5>2
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../de/lily-34875599.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../de/lily-34875599.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="creating-slurs-across-voices.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Creating slurs across voices</h3>
<p>In some situations, it may be necessary to create slurs between notes
from different voices.
<p>The solution is to add invisible notes to one of the voices, using
<code>\hideNotes</code>.
<p>This example is measure 235 of the Ciaconna from Bach's 2nd Partita for
solo violin, BWV 1004.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
<< {
d16( a') s a s a[ s a] s a[ s a]
}
\\
{
\slurUp
bes,16[ s e](
\hideNotes a)
\unHideNotes f[(
\hideNotes a)
\unHideNotes fis](
\hideNotes a)
\unHideNotes g[(
\hideNotes a)
\unHideNotes gis](
\hideNotes a)
} >>
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../ce/lily-e9383e5e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../ce/lily-e9383e5e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="demo-midiinstruments.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Demo MidiInstruments</h3>
<p>Problem: How to know which <code>midiInstrument</code> would be best for your
composition? Solution: A LilyPond demo file.
<pre class="verbatim">
\header {
title = "Demo of all midi sounds"
arranger = "Myself "
}
basemelodie = \relative c' {
c4. \mf g c16 b' c d
e16 d e f g4 g'4 r
R1
}
melodie = { \tempo 4 = 150 \basemelodie }
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice { \melodie
}
>>
\layout { }
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
%\set Staff.instrumentName= #"S/A"
%\set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.2
%\set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #0.4
%\set Voice.dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction = #0.6
\new Voice { r \mf
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bright acoustic" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric grand" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"honky-tonk" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clav" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"glockenspiel" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"music box" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"vibraphone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"marimba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"xylophone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"dulcimer" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"drawbar organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"percussive organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"rock organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"church organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reed organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"accordion" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harmonica" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"concertina" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (nylon)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (steel)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (jazz)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (clean)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (muted)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"overdriven guitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"distorted guitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic bass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (finger)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (pick)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fretless bass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"contrabass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tremolo strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pizzicato strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestral strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"timpani" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"voice oohs" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth voice" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestra hit" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trombone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tuba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"muted trumpet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"brass section" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"soprano sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"alto sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tenor sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"baritone sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"oboe" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"english horn" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piccolo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"recorder" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pan flute" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"blown bottle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shakuhachi" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"whistle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"ocarina" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 1 (square)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 2 (sawtooth)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 3 (calliope)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 4 (chiff)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 5 (charang)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 6 (voice)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 7 (fifths)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 8 (bass+lead)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 1 (new age)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 2 (warm)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 3 (polysynth)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 4 (choir)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 5 (bowed)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 6 (metallic)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 7 (halo)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 8 (sweep)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 1 (rain)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 2 (soundtrack)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 3 (crystal)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 4 (atmosphere)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 5 (brightness)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 6 (goblins)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 7 (echoes)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 8 (sci-fi)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"sitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"banjo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shamisen" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"koto" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"kalimba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bagpipe" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fiddle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shanai" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tinkle bell" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"agogo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"steel drums" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"woodblock" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"taiko drum" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"melodic tom" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth drum" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reverse cymbal" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"guitar fret noise" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"breath noise" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"seashore" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bird tweet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"telephone ring" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"helicopter" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"applause" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"gunshot" \melodie
}
>>
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../52/lily-d2f91df9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../52/lily-d2f91df9.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="fine-tuning-pedal-brackets.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Fine-tuning pedal brackets</h3>
<p>For fine-tuning the appearance of a pedal bracket, the properties
<code>edge-width</code>, <code>edge-height</code>, and <code>shorten-pair</code> of
<code>PianoPedalBracket</code> objects can be modified. For example, the
bracket may be extended to the right edge of the note head:
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
\override Staff.PianoPedalBracket #'shorten-pair = #'(0 . -1.0)
c4\sostenutoOn d e c,
f4 g a2\sostenutoOff
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../38/lily-ae6927a2.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../38/lily-ae6927a2.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="indicating-cross-staff-chords-with-arpeggio-bracket.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Indicating cross-staff chords with arpeggio bracket</h3>
<p>An arpeggio bracket can indicate that notes on two different staves are
to be played with the same hand. In order to do this, the
<code>PianoStaff</code> must be set to accept cross-staff arpeggios and the
arpeggios must be set to the bracket shape in the <code>PianoStaff</code>
context.
<p>(Debussy, Les collines d’Anacapri, m. 65)
<pre class="verbatim">
\paper { ragged-right = ##t }
\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t
\override PianoStaff.Arpeggio #'stencil = #ly:arpeggio::brew-chord-bracket
\new Staff {
\relative c' {
\key b \major
\time 6/8
b8-.(\arpeggio fis'-.\> cis-. e-. gis-. b-.)\!\fermata^\laissezVibrer
\bar "||"
}
}
\new Staff {
\relative c' {
\clef bass
\key b \major
<<
{
<a e cis>2.\arpeggio
}
\\
{
<a, e a,>2.
}
>>
}
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../aa/lily-d49b372e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../aa/lily-d49b372e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="jazz-combo-template.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Jazz combo template</h3>
<p>This is quite an advanced template, for a jazz ensemble. Note that all
instruments are notated in <code>\key c \major</code>. This refers to the
key in concert pitch; the key will be automatically transposed if the
music is within a <code>\transpose</code> section.
<pre class="verbatim">
\header {
title = "Song"
subtitle = "(tune)"
composer = "Me"
meter = "moderato"
piece = "Swing"
tagline = \markup {
\column {
"LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf,"
"Berlin 07/07/2003"
}
}
}
%#(set-global-staff-size 16)
\include "english.ly"
%%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
sl = {
\override NoteHead #'style = #'slash
\override Stem #'transparent = ##t
}
nsl = {
\revert NoteHead #'style
\revert Stem #'transparent
}
crOn = \override NoteHead #'style = #'cross
crOff = \revert NoteHead #'style
%% insert chord name style stuff here.
jazzChords = { }
%%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
global = { \time 4/4 }
Key = { \key c \major }
% ############ Horns ############
% ------ Trumpet ------
trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' {
\Key
c1 | c | c |
}
trpHarmony = \transpose c' d {
\jazzChords
}
trumpet = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trumpet"
\clef treble
<<
\trpt
>>
}
% ------ Alto Saxophone ------
alto = \transpose c a \relative c' {
\Key
c1 | c | c |
}
altoHarmony = \transpose c' a {
\jazzChords
}
altoSax = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Alto Sax"
\clef treble
<<
\alto
>>
}
% ------ Baritone Saxophone ------
bari = \transpose c a' \relative c {
\Key
c1
c1
\sl
d4^"Solo" d d d
\nsl
}
bariHarmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode {
\jazzChords s1 s d2:maj e:m7
}
bariSax = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bari Sax"
\clef treble
<<
\bari
>>
}
% ------ Trombone ------
tbone = \relative c {
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
tboneHarmony = \chordmode {
\jazzChords
}
trombone = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Trombone"
\clef bass
<<
\tbone
>>
}
% ############ Rhythm Section #############
% ------ Guitar ------
gtr = \relative c'' {
\Key
c1
\sl
b4 b b b
\nsl
c1
}
gtrHarmony = \chordmode {
\jazzChords
s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9
}
guitar = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Guitar"
\clef treble
<<
\gtr
>>
}
%% ------ Piano ------
rhUpper = \relative c'' {
\voiceOne
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
rhLower = \relative c' {
\voiceTwo
\Key
e1 | e | e
}
lhUpper = \relative c' {
\voiceOne
\Key
g1 | g | g
}
lhLower = \relative c {
\voiceTwo
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
PianoRH = {
\clef treble
\global
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand"
<<
\new Voice = "one" \rhUpper
\new Voice = "two" \rhLower
>>
}
PianoLH = {
\clef bass
\global
\set Staff.midiInstrument = "acoustic grand"
<<
\new Voice = "one" \lhUpper
\new Voice = "two" \lhLower
>>
}
piano = {
<<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano"
\new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH
\new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH
>>
}
% ------ Bass Guitar ------
Bass = \relative c {
\Key
c1 | c | c
}
bass = {
\global
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Bass"
\clef bass
<<
\Bass
>>
}
% ------ Drums ------
up = \drummode {
\voiceOne
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn>
}
down = \drummode {
\voiceTwo
bd4 s bd s
bd4 s bd s
bd4 s bd s
}
drumContents = {
\global
<<
\set DrumStaff.instrumentName = #"Drums"
\new DrumVoice \up
\new DrumVoice \down
>>
}
%%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\score {
<<
\new StaffGroup = "horns" <<
\new Staff = "trumpet" \trumpet
\new Staff = "altosax" \altoSax
\new ChordNames = "barichords" \bariHarmony
\new Staff = "barisax" \bariSax
\new Staff = "trombone" \trombone
>>
\new StaffGroup = "rhythm" <<
\new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrHarmony
\new Staff = "guitar" \guitar
\new PianoStaff = "piano" \piano
\new Staff = "bass" \bass
\new DrumStaff \drumContents
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
\context {
\Score
\override BarNumber #'padding = #3
\override RehearsalMark #'padding = #2
skipBars = ##t
}
}
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../ea/lily-36b7ad93.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../ea/lily-36b7ad93.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="laissez-vibrer-ties.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Laissez vibrer ties</h3>
<p>Laissez vibrer ties have a fixed size. Their formatting can be tuned
using <code>'tie-configuration</code>.
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c' {
<c e g>4\laissezVibrer r <c f g>\laissezVibrer r
<c d f g>4\laissezVibrer r <c d f g>4.\laissezVibrer r8
<c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r
\override LaissezVibrerTieColumn #'tie-configuration
= #`((-7 . ,DOWN)
(-5 . ,DOWN)
(-3 . ,UP)
(-1 . ,UP))
<c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../fd/lily-61b8d987.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../fd/lily-61b8d987.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="piano-template-simple.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Piano template (simple)</h3>
<p>Here is a simple piano staff with some notes.
<pre class="verbatim">
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a2 c
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"Piano "
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Staff = "lower" \lower
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../33/lily-72cc9456.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../33/lily-72cc9456.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="piano-template-with-centered-dynamics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Piano template with centered dynamics</h3>
<p>Many piano scores have the dynamics centered between the two staves.
This requires a bit of tweaking to implement, but since the template is
right here, you don't have to do the tweaking yourself.
<pre class="verbatim">
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a2 c
}
dynamics = {
s2\fff\> s4 s\!\pp
}
pedal = {
s2\sustainOn s\sustainOff
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Dynamics = "dynamics" \dynamics
\new Staff = "lower" <<
\clef bass
\lower
>>
\new Dynamics = "pedal" \pedal
>>
\layout {
\context {
\type "Engraver_group"
\name Dynamics
% So that \cresc works, for example.
\alias Voice
\consists "Output_property_engraver"
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 1)
\override DynamicLineSpanner #'Y-offset = #0
pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped." "*Ped." "*")
pedalUnaCordaStrings = #'("una corda" "" "tre corde")
\consists "Piano_pedal_engraver"
\consists "Script_engraver"
\consists "Dynamic_engraver"
\consists "Text_engraver"
\override TextScript #'font-size = #2
\override TextScript #'font-shape = #'italic
\consists "Skip_event_swallow_translator"
\consists "Axis_group_engraver"
}
\context {
\PianoStaff
\accepts Dynamics
}
}
}
\score {
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "upper" << \upper \dynamics \pedal >>
\new Staff = "lower" << \lower \dynamics \pedal >>
>>
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../81/lily-165c7953.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../81/lily-165c7953.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="piano-template-with-centered-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Piano template with centered lyrics</h3>
<p>Instead of having a full staff for the melody and lyrics, lyrics can be
centered between the staves of a piano staff.
<pre class="verbatim">
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a2 c
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
\score {
\new GrandStaff <<
\new Staff = upper { \new Voice = "singer" \upper }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "singer" \text
\new Staff = lower { \lower }
>>
\layout {
\context {
\GrandStaff
\accepts "Lyrics"
}
\context {
\Lyrics
\consists "Bar_engraver"
}
}
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../37/lily-c18abd8d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../37/lily-c18abd8d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Piano template with melody and lyrics</h3>
<p>Here is a typical song format: one staff with the melody and lyrics,
with piano accompaniment underneath.
<pre class="verbatim">
melody = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a b c d
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a2 c
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "mel" { \autoBeamOff \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Staff = "lower" \lower
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
}
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../68/lily-e6876100.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../68/lily-e6876100.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vocal ensemble template with automatic piano reduction</h3>
<p>This template adds an automatic piano reduction to the standard SATB
vocal score demonstrated in "Vocal ensemble template". This
demonstrates one of the strengths of LilyPond – you can use a music
definition more than once. If any changes are made to the vocal notes
(say, <code>tenorMusic</code>), then the changes will also apply to the piano
reduction.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
\new Staff = women <<
\new Voice = sopranos { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = altos { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = altos { s1 }
\new Lyrics = tenors { s1 }
\new Staff = men <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = tenors { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = basses { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
\context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
\context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
\context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>>
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \sopMusic >>
<< \global \altoMusic >>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef bass
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
<< \global \bassMusic >>
>>
>>
>>
\layout {
\context {
% a little smaller so lyrics
% can be closer to the staff
\Staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../99/lily-1164d362.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../99/lily-1164d362.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
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<p>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Percussion.html#Percussion">Percussion</a>,
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<address>
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