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<a name="Paper-and-layout"></a>
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<h2 class="unnumbered">Paper and layout</h2>
<!-- FIXME not precise enough reference? -->
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Spacing-issues.html#Spacing-issues">Spacing issues</a>.
<p><a name="aligning-and-centering-instrument-names.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Aligning and centering instrument names</h3>
<p>Instrument names are generally printed to the left of the staves. To
align the names of several different intruments, put them in a
<code>\markup</code> block and use one of the following possibilites:
<p>*
Right-aligned instrument names: this is the default behavior
<p>*
Center-aligned instrument names: using the <code>\hcenter-in #n</code>
command
places the instrument names inside a padded box, with <code>n</code> being
the width
of the box
<p>*
Left-aligned instrument names: the names are printed on top of an
empty box, using the <code>\combine</code> command
with an <code>\hspace #n</code> object.
<pre class="verbatim">
\paper {
indent = #0
left-margin = #30
line-width = #160
}
\new StaffGroup \relative c' <<
\new Staff {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Piccolo"
c1^"default" | c \break
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 Piccolo }
c1^"centered" | c \break
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \combine \hspace #8 Piccolo }
c1^"left-aligned" | c
}
\new Staff {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"Flute"
c1 | c \break
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \hcenter-in #10 Flute }
c1 | c \break
\set Staff.instrumentName = \markup { \combine \hspace #8 Flute }
c1 | c
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../58/lily-3fb556c3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../58/lily-3fb556c3.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="alignment-vertical-spacing.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Alignment vertical spacing</h3>
<p>By setting properties in <code>NonMusicalPaperColumn</code>, vertical spacing
can be adjusted per system.
<p>By setting <code>alignment-extra-space</code> or
<code>fixed-alignment-extra-space</code> an individual system may be
stretched vertically.
<p>For technical reasons, <code>\overrideProperty</code> must be used for
changing these properties within a staff; <code>\override</code> in a
<code>\context</code> block may still be used for global overrides.
<pre class="verbatim">
#(set-global-staff-size 13)
\relative c''
\new StaffGroup <<
\new Staff {
c1 \break
c1 \break
c1 \break
}
\new Staff {
c1 | c | c
}
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Voice {
\set PianoStaff.instrumentName = #"piano"
\set PianoStaff.shortInstrumentName = #"pn"
c1_"normal"
\overrideProperty
#"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
#'line-break-system-details
#'((fixed-alignment-extra-space . 15))
c_"fixed-aligment-extra-space"
\overrideProperty
#"Score.NonMusicalPaperColumn"
#'line-break-system-details
#'((alignment-extra-space . 15))
c_"aligment-extra-space"
}
{ c1 | c | c }
>>
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../9c/lily-a3881ca4.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../9c/lily-a3881ca4.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="changing-the-staff-size.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Changing the staff size</h3>
<p>Though the simplest way to resize staves is to use
<code>#(set-global-staff-size xx)</code>, an individual staff's size can be
changed by scaling the properties <code>staff-space</code> and
<code>fontSize</code>.
<pre class="verbatim">
<<
\new Staff \relative c'' {
\dynamicDown
c8\ff c c c c c c c
}
\new Staff \with {
fontSize = #-3
\override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -3)
} {
\clef bass
c8 c c c c\f c c c
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../33/lily-eb10503d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../33/lily-eb10503d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="clip-systems.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Clip systems</h3>
<p>This code shows how to clip (extract) snippets from a full score.
<p>This file needs to be run separately with <code>-dclip-systems</code>; the
snippets page may not adequately show the results.
<p>The result will be files named
<samp><var>base</var><span class="file">-from-</span><var>start</var><span class="file">-to-</span><var>end</var><span class="file">[-</span><var>count</var><span class="file">].eps</span></samp>.
<ul>
<li>If system starts and ends are included, they include extents of the
System grob, e.g., instrument names.
<li>Grace notes at the end point of the region are not included.
<li>Regions can span multiple systems. In this case, multiple EPS files
are generated.
</ul>
<pre class="verbatim">
#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems)
#(set! output-count 1)
origScore = \score {
\relative c' {
\set Staff.instrumentName = #"bla"
c1
d1
\grace c16 e1
\key d \major
f1 \break
\clef bass
g,1
fis1
}
}
\book {
\score {
\origScore
\layout {
% Each clip-region is a (START . END) pair
% where both are rhythmic-locations.
% (make-rhythmic-locations BAR-NUMBER NUM DEN)
% means NUM/DEN whole-notes into bar numbered BAR-NUMBER
clip-regions = #(list
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 2 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 4 0 1))
(cons
(make-rhythmic-location 0 0 1)
(make-rhythmic-location 6 0 1))
)
}
}
}
#(set! output-count 0)
#(ly:set-option 'clip-systems #f)
\book {
\score { \origScore }
\markup { \bold \fontsize #6 clips }
\score {
\lyrics {
\markup { from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps }
\markup {
\epsfile #X #30.0 #(format #f "~a-1-from-2.0.1-to-4.0.1-clip.eps"
(ly:parser-output-name parser)) }
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../33/lily-3f043528.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../33/lily-3f043528.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="creating-blank-staves.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Creating blank staves</h3>
<p>To create blank staves, generate empty measures then remove the
<code>Bar_number_engraver</code> from the <code>Score</code> context, and the
<code>Time_signature_engraver</code>, <code>Clef_engraver</code> and
<code>Bar_engraver</code> from the <code>Staff</code> context.
<pre class="verbatim">
#(set-global-staff-size 20)
\score {
{
\repeat unfold 12 { s1 \break }
}
\layout {
indent = 0\in
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
\remove "Clef_engraver"
\remove "Bar_engraver"
}
\context {
\Score
\remove "Bar_number_engraver"
}
}
}
\paper {
#(set-paper-size "letter")
ragged-last-bottom = ##f
line-width = 7.5\in
left-margin = 0.5\in
bottom-margin = 0.25\in
top-margin = 0.25\in
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../63/lily-e0186df5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../63/lily-e0186df5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="demonstrating-all-headers.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Demonstrating all headers</h3>
<p>All header fields with special meanings.
<pre class="verbatim">
\header {
copyright = "copyright"
title = "title"
subtitle = "subtitle"
composer = "composer"
arranger = "arranger"
instrument = "instrument"
metre = "metre"
opus = "opus"
piece = "piece"
poet = "poet"
texidoc = "All header fields with special meanings."
copyright = "public domain"
enteredby = "jcn"
source = "urtext"
}
\layout {
ragged-right = ##f
}
\score {
\relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
}
\score {
\relative c'' { c1 | c | c | c }
\header {
title = "localtitle"
subtitle = "localsubtitle"
composer = "localcomposer"
arranger = "localarranger"
instrument = "localinstrument"
metre = "localmetre"
opus = "localopus"
piece = "localpiece"
poet = "localpoet"
copyright = "localcopyright"
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../82/lily-bd13e6d5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../82/lily-bd13e6d5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="table-of-contents.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Table of contents</h3>
<p>A table of contents is included using
<code>\markuplines \table-of-contents</code><!-- /@w -->. The TOC items are
added with the <code>\tocItem</code> command.
<pre class="verbatim">
#(set-default-paper-size "a6")
\book {
\markuplines \table-of-contents
\pageBreak
\tocItem \markup { The first score }
\score {
{
c'1 \pageBreak
\mark "A" \tocItem \markup { Mark A }
d'1
}
}
\pageBreak
\tocItem \markup { The second score }
\score {
{ e'1 }
\header { piece = "Second score" }
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../46/lily-aacfa770.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../46/lily-aacfa770.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
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