<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- header_tag -->
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Vocal music - LilyPond snippets</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="description" content="LilyPond snippets">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.11">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="prev" href="Text.html#Text" title="Text">
<link rel="next" href="Chords.html#Chords" title="Chords">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
pre.display { font-family:inherit }
pre.format { font-family:inherit }
pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
hr { border:0; height:1; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; }
/* hr {
border: none;
height: 1px;
color: #666666;
background-color: #666666;
}
body {
border-left: 1px solid #666666;
border-right: 1px solid #666666;
color: #332d28;
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto;
width: 60em;
list-style-type: square;
font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
padding-right: 1em;
padding-left: 1em;
}
a {
border-bottom: 1px dashed #344242;
text-decoration: none;
color: #344242;
}
a:link {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
border-bottom: 1px dashed #666666;
color: #666666;
}
a:active {
border-bottom: 1px solid #00cccc;
color: #00cccc;
}
a:hover {
border-bottom: 1px solid #1d7b85;
color: #1d7b85;
}
blockquote {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
padding: 3px;
width: 40em;
}
.node {
border-left: 1px solid #666666;
margin: -0.5em 0px 1em;
padding: 2px 1px 0px;
font-style: italic;
}
.node a {
border: none;
text-decoration: underline;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: bold;
}
.verbatim {
font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;
}
.unnumberedsubsubsec {
font-size: large;
color: #1d7b85;
}
.subsubheading {
font-size: large;
color: #3b220d;
}
.contents {
border: 1px dashed #339999;
margin: 3px 2em;
list-style-type: square;
padding-right: 1em;
width: 40em;
background-color: #fcfff9;
}
.contents a {
border-bottom: 1px dashed #423d34;
text-decoration: none;
color: #423d34;
}
.contents a:visited {
border-bottom: 1px dashed #666666;
color: #666666;
}
.contents a:active {
border-bottom: 1px solid #f0d86d;
color: #f0d86d;
}
.contents a:hover {
border-bottom: 1px solid #3b220d;
color: #3b220d;
}
.menu {
border-left: 1px dashed #339999;
margin: 3px 2em 1em;
list-style-type: square;
padding-left: 1.4em;
width: 40em;
}
.unnumbered {
}
h2 {
font-size: x-large;
color: #1d7b85;
}
*/
--></style>
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR=WHITE TEXT=BLACK>
<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="Vocal-music"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Text.html#Text">Text</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h2 class="unnumbered">Vocal music</h2>
<p>These snippets illustrate the Notation Reference,
section <a href="../../../Documentation/user/lilypond/Vocal-music.html#Vocal-music">Vocal music</a>.
<p><a name="adding-ambitus-per-voice.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Adding ambitus per voice</h3>
<p>Ambitus can be added per voice. In this case, the ambitus must be moved
manually to prevent collisions.
<pre class="verbatim">
\new Staff <<
\new Voice \with {
\consists "Ambitus_engraver"
} \relative c'' {
\override Ambitus #'X-offset = #2.0
\voiceOne
c4 a d e
f1
}
\new Voice \with {
\consists "Ambitus_engraver"
} \relative c' {
\voiceTwo
es4 f g as
b1
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../4f/lily-6712adbe.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../4f/lily-6712adbe.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="adjusting-lyrics-vertical-spacing.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Adjusting lyrics vertical spacing</h3>
<p>This snippet shows how to bring the lyrics line closer to the staff.
<pre class="verbatim">
% Default layout:
<<
\new Staff \new Voice = melody \relative c' {
c4 d e f
g4 f e d
c1
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto melody { aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa }
% Reducing the minimum space below the staff and above the lyrics:
\new Staff \with {
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1 . 4)
}
\new Voice = melody \relative c' {
c4 d e f
g4 f e d
c1
}
\new Lyrics \with {
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-1.2 . 1)
}
\lyricsto melody { aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa }
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../25/lily-be0a47ca.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../25/lily-be0a47ca.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="aligning-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Aligning lyrics</h3>
<p>Horizontal alignment for lyrics cam be set by overriding the
<code>self-alignment-X</code> property of the <code>LyricText</code> object.
<code>#-1</code> is left, <code>#0</code> is center and <code>#1</code> is right;
however, you can use <code>#LEFT</code>, <code>#CENTER</code> and <code>#RIGHT</code> as
well.
<pre class="verbatim">
\layout { ragged-right = ##f }
\relative c'' {
c1
c1
c1
}
\addlyrics {
\once \override LyricText #'self-alignment-X = #LEFT
"This is left-aligned"
\once \override LyricText #'self-alignment-X = #CENTER
"This is centered"
\once \override LyricText #'self-alignment-X = #1
"This is right-aligned"
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../e5/lily-dfa6ccc0.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../e5/lily-dfa6ccc0.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="ambitus-with-multiple-voices.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Ambitus with multiple voices</h3>
<p>Adding the <code>Ambitus_engraver</code> to the <code>Staff</code> context creates
a single ambitus per staff, even in the case of staves with multiple
voices.
<pre class="verbatim">
\new Staff \with {
\consists "Ambitus_engraver"
}
<<
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\voiceOne
c4 a d e
f1
}
\new Voice \relative c' {
\voiceTwo
es4 f g as
b1
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../f9/lily-1e5f126e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../f9/lily-1e5f126e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="chant-or-psalms-notation.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Chant or psalms notation</h3>
<p>This form of notation is used for the chant of the Psalms, where verses
aren't always the same length.
<pre class="verbatim">
stemOn = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##f }
stemOff = { \override Staff.Stem #'transparent = ##t }
\score {
\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }
{
\key g \minor
\set Score.timing = ##f
\stemOff a'\breve bes'4 g'4
\stemOn a'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve g'4 a'4
\stemOn f'2 \bar "||"
\stemOff a'\breve^\markup { \italic flexe }
\stemOn g'2 \bar "||"
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../36/lily-43a8112c.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../36/lily-43a8112c.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="demo-midiinstruments.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Demo MidiInstruments</h3>
<p>Problem: How to know which <code>midiInstrument</code> would be best for your
composition? Solution: A LilyPond demo file.
<pre class="verbatim">
\header {
title = "Demo of all midi sounds"
arranger = "Myself "
}
basemelodie = \relative c' {
c4. \mf g c16 b' c d
e16 d e f g4 g'4 r
R1
}
melodie = { \tempo 4 = 150 \basemelodie }
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice { \melodie
}
>>
\layout { }
}
\score {
\new Staff <<
%\set Staff.instrumentName= #"S/A"
%\set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.2
%\set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #0.4
%\set Voice.dynamicAbsoluteVolumeFunction = #0.6
\new Voice { r \mf
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic grand" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bright acoustic" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric grand" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"honky-tonk" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric piano 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harpsichord" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clav" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"celesta" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"glockenspiel" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"music box" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"vibraphone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"marimba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"xylophone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tubular bells" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"dulcimer" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"drawbar organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"percussive organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"rock organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"church organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reed organ" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"accordion" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"harmonica" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"concertina" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (nylon)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic guitar (steel)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (jazz)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (clean)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric guitar (muted)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"overdriven guitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"distorted guitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"acoustic bass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (finger)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"electric bass (pick)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fretless bass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"slap bass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth bass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"viola" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"contrabass" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tremolo strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pizzicato strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestral strings" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"timpani" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"string ensemble 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthstrings 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"choir aahs" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"voice oohs" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth voice" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"orchestra hit" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trumpet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"trombone" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tuba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"muted trumpet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"brass section" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 1" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synthbrass 2" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"soprano sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"alto sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tenor sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"baritone sax" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"oboe" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"english horn" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"clarinet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"piccolo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"flute" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"recorder" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pan flute" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"blown bottle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shakuhachi" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"whistle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"ocarina" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 1 (square)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 2 (sawtooth)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 3 (calliope)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 4 (chiff)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 5 (charang)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 6 (voice)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 7 (fifths)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"lead 8 (bass+lead)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 1 (new age)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 2 (warm)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 3 (polysynth)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 4 (choir)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 5 (bowed)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 6 (metallic)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 7 (halo)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"pad 8 (sweep)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 1 (rain)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 2 (soundtrack)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 3 (crystal)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 4 (atmosphere)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 5 (brightness)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 6 (goblins)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 7 (echoes)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fx 8 (sci-fi)" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"sitar" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"banjo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shamisen" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"koto" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"kalimba" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bagpipe" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"fiddle" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"shanai" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"tinkle bell" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"agogo" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"steel drums" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"woodblock" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"taiko drum" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"melodic tom" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"synth drum" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"reverse cymbal" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"guitar fret noise" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"breath noise" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"seashore" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bird tweet" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"telephone ring" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"helicopter" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"applause" \melodie
\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"gunshot" \melodie
}
>>
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../52/lily-d2f91df9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../52/lily-d2f91df9.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="formatting-lyrics-syllables.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Formatting lyrics syllables</h3>
<p>To format individual syllables in lyrics, use <code>\markup { ....
}</code> on these lyrics.
<pre class="verbatim">
% Tip taken from http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/lilypond-user/2007-12/msg00215.html
\header {
title = "Markup can be used inside lyrics!"
}
mel = \relative c'' { c4 c c c }
lyr = \lyricmode {
Lyrics \markup { \italic "can" } \markup {\with-color #red "contain" }
\markup {\fontsize #8 \bold "Markup!" }
}
<<
\context Voice = melody \mel
\context Lyrics \lyricsto melody \lyr
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../4a/lily-a3b88491.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../4a/lily-a3b88491.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="how-to-put-ties-between-syllables-in-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">How to put ties between syllables in lyrics</h3>
<p>This can be achieved by separating those syllables by tildes.
<pre class="verbatim">
\lyrics {
wa~o~a
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../07/lily-e98c6f9f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../07/lily-e98c6f9f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="piano-template-with-melody-and-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Piano template with melody and lyrics</h3>
<p>Here is a typical song format: one staff with the melody and lyrics,
with piano accompaniment underneath.
<pre class="verbatim">
melody = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a b c d
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
upper = \relative c'' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
lower = \relative c {
\clef bass
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a2 c
}
\score {
<<
\new Voice = "mel" { \autoBeamOff \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff = "upper" \upper
\new Staff = "lower" \lower
>>
>>
\layout {
\context { \RemoveEmptyStaffContext }
}
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../68/lily-e6876100.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../68/lily-e6876100.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="single-staff-template-with-notes,-lyrics,-and-chords.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, and chords</h3>
<p>This template allows the preparation of a song with melody, words, and
chords.
<pre class="verbatim">
melody = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
harmonies = \chordmode {
a2 c
}
\score {
<<
\new ChordNames {
\set chordChanges = ##t
\harmonies
}
\new Voice = "one" { \autoBeamOff \melody }
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../2c/lily-39f4b2ad.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../2c/lily-39f4b2ad.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="single-staff-template-with-notes,-lyrics,-chords-and-frets.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Single staff template with notes, lyrics, chords and frets</h3>
<p>Here is a simple lead sheet template with melody, lyrics, chords and
fret diagrams.
<pre class="verbatim">
% Define the fret diagrams to be used
cFretDiagram = \markup {
\fret-diagram #"6-x;5-3-3;4-2-2;3-o;2-1-1;1-o;"
}
gFretDiagram = \markup {
\fret-diagram #"6-3-2;5-2-1;4-o;3-o;2-o;1-3-3;"
}
verseI = \lyricmode {
\set stanza = #"1."
This is the first verse
}
verseII = \lyricmode {
\set stanza = #"2."
This is the second verse.
}
theChords = \new ChordNames {
\chordmode {
% insert the chords for chordnames here
c2 g4 c
}
}
staffMelody = \new Staff {
\context Voice = "voiceMelody" {
\key c \major
\clef treble
\relative c' {
% Type notes and fret diagram markups here
c4^\cFretDiagram d8 e f4^\gFretDiagram g^\cFretDiagram
\bar "|."
}
}
}
\score {
<<
\theChords
\staffMelody
\new Lyrics = "lyricsI" \lyricmode {
\lyricsto "voiceMelody" \verseI
}
\new Lyrics = "lyricsII" \lyricmode {
\lyricsto "voiceMelody" \verseII
}
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../65/lily-041c2551.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../65/lily-041c2551.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="single-staff-template-with-notes-and-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Single staff template with notes and lyrics</h3>
<p>This small template demonstrates a simple melody with lyrics. Cut and
paste, add notes, then words for the lyrics. This example turns off
automatic beaming, which is common for vocal parts. To use automatic
beaming, change or comment out the relevant line.
<pre class="verbatim">
melody = \relative c' {
\clef treble
\key c \major
\time 4/4
a4 b c d
}
text = \lyricmode {
Aaa Bee Cee Dee
}
\score{
<<
\new Voice = "one" {
\autoBeamOff
\melody
}
\new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" \text
>>
\layout { }
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../31/lily-35228590.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../31/lily-35228590.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="skips-in-lyric-mode-2.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Skips in lyric mode (2)</h3>
<p>Although <code>s</code> skips cannot be used in <code>\lyricmode</code> (it is
taken to be a literal "s", not a space), double quotes (<code>""</code>)
or underscores (<code>_</code>) are available.So for example:
<pre class="verbatim">
<<
\relative c'' { a4 b c d }
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { a4 "" _ gap }
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../d8/lily-8cca9479.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../d8/lily-8cca9479.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="skips-in-lyric-mode.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Skips in lyric mode</h3>
<p>The <code>s</code> syntax for skips is only available in note mode and chord
mode. In other situations, for example, when entering lyrics, using the
<code>\skip</code> command is recommended.
<pre class="verbatim">
<<
\relative { a'1 a }
\new Lyrics \lyricmode { \skip 1 bla1 }
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../20/lily-845ca688.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../20/lily-845ca688.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vertically-aligning-ossias-and-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vertically aligning ossias and lyrics</h3>
<p>This snippet demonstrates the use of the context properties
<code>alignBelowContext</code> and <code>alignAboveContext</code> to control the
positioning of lyrics and ossias.
<pre class="verbatim">
\paper {
ragged-right = ##t
}
\relative c' <<
\new Staff = "1" { c4 c s2 }
\new Staff = "2" { c4 c s2 }
\new Staff = "3" { c4 c s2 }
{ \skip 2
<<
\lyrics {
\set alignBelowContext = #"1"
lyrics4 below
}
\new Staff \with {
alignAboveContext = #"3"
fontSize = #-2
\override StaffSymbol #'staff-space = #(magstep -2)
\remove "Time_signature_engraver"
} {
\times 4/6 {
\override TextScript #'padding = #3
c8^"ossia above" d e d e f
}
}
>>
}
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../52/lily-7de9f8d7.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../52/lily-7de9f8d7.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vertically-centered-common-lyrics.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vertically centered common lyrics</h3>
<p>In a vocal piece where there are several (two,four or more) lines of
lyrics, and common lyrics for all voices at some point, these common
lyrics may be vertically centered regardingly, as shown in the
following example:
<pre class="verbatim">
\include "english.ly"
leftbrace = \markup { \override #'(font-encoding . fetaBraces) \lookup #"brace240" }
rightbrace = \markup { \rotate #180 \leftbrace }
dropLyrics =
{
\override LyricText #'extra-offset = #'(0 . -5)
\override LyricHyphen #'extra-offset = #'(0 . -5)
\override LyricExtender #'extra-offset = #'(0 . -5)
}
raiseLyrics =
{
\revert LyricText #'extra-offset
\revert LyricHyphen #'extra-offset
\revert LyricExtender #'extra-offset
}
skipFour = \repeat unfold 4 { \skip 8 }
lyricsA = \lyricmode { The first verse has \dropLyrics the com -- mon
__ words \raiseLyrics used in all four. }
lyricsB = \lyricmode { In stan -- za two, \skipFour al -- so ap -- pear. }
lyricsC = \lyricmode { By the third verse, \skipFour are get -- ting dull. }
lyricsD = \lyricmode { Last stan -- za, and \skipFour get used once more. }
melody = \relative c' { c4 d e f g f e8( e f) d4 c e d c }
\score
{
<<
\new Voice = m \melody
\new Lyrics \lyricsto m \lyricsA
\new Lyrics \lyricsto m \lyricsB
\new Lyrics \lyricsto m \lyricsC
\new Lyrics \lyricsto m \lyricsD
>>
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../65/lily-9e89d797.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../65/lily-9e89d797.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vocal-ensemble-template-with-automatic-piano-reduction.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vocal ensemble template with automatic piano reduction</h3>
<p>This template adds an automatic piano reduction to the standard SATB
vocal score demonstrated in "Vocal ensemble template". This
demonstrates one of the strengths of LilyPond – you can use a music
definition more than once. If any changes are made to the vocal notes
(say, <code>tenorMusic</code>), then the changes will also apply to the piano
reduction.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords =\lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
<<
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
\new Staff = women <<
\new Voice = sopranos { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = altos { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = altos { s1 }
\new Lyrics = tenors { s1 }
\new Staff = men <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = tenors { \voiceOne <<\global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = basses { \voiceTwo <<\global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
\context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
\context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
\context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>>
\new PianoStaff <<
\new Staff <<
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \sopMusic >>
<< \global \altoMusic >>
>>
\new Staff <<
\clef bass
\set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f
\partcombine
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
<< \global \bassMusic >>
>>
>>
>>
\layout {
\context {
% a little smaller so lyrics
% can be closer to the staff
\Staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../99/lily-1164d362.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../99/lily-1164d362.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vocal-ensemble-template-with-lyrics-aligned-below-and-above-the-staves.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vocal ensemble template with lyrics aligned below and above the staves</h3>
<p>This template is basically the same as the simple "Vocal ensemble"
template, with the exception that here all the lyrics lines are placed
using <code>alignAboveContext</code> and <code>alignBelowContext</code>.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Staff = women <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> }
\new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = women } \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = women } \lyricsto altos \altoWords
% we could remove the line about this with the line below, since we want
% the alto lyrics to be below the alto Voice anyway.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto altos \altoWords
\new Staff = men <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> }
\new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> }
>>
\new Lyrics \with { alignAboveContext = men } \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
\new Lyrics \with { alignBelowContext = men } \lyricsto basses \bassWords
% again, we could replace the line above this with the line below.
% \new Lyrics \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>>
\layout {
\context {
% a little smaller so lyrics
% can be closer to the staff
\Staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../f3/lily-a11d4879.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../f3/lily-a11d4879.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p><a name="vocal-ensemble-template.ly"></a>
<h3 class="unnumberedsec">Vocal ensemble template</h3>
<p>Here is a standard four-part SATB vocal score. With larger ensembles,
it is often useful to include a section which is included in all parts.
For example, the time signature and key signature are almost always the
same for all parts. Like in the "Hymn" template, the four voices are
regrouped on only two staves.
<pre class="verbatim">
global = {
\key c \major
\time 4/4
}
sopMusic = \relative c'' {
c4 c c8[( b)] c4
}
sopWords = \lyricmode {
hi hi hi hi
}
altoMusic = \relative c' {
e4 f d e
}
altoWords = \lyricmode {
ha ha ha ha
}
tenorMusic = \relative c' {
g4 a f g
}
tenorWords = \lyricmode {
hu hu hu hu
}
bassMusic = \relative c {
c4 c g c
}
bassWords = \lyricmode {
ho ho ho ho
}
\score {
\new ChoirStaff <<
\new Lyrics = sopranos { s1 }
\new Staff = women <<
\new Voice = "sopranos" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \sopMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "altos" {
\voiceTwo
<< \global \altoMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = "altos" { s1 }
\new Lyrics = "tenors" { s1 }
\new Staff = men <<
\clef bass
\new Voice = "tenors" {
\voiceOne
<< \global \tenorMusic >>
}
\new Voice = "basses" {
\voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >>
}
>>
\new Lyrics = basses { s1 }
\context Lyrics = sopranos \lyricsto sopranos \sopWords
\context Lyrics = altos \lyricsto altos \altoWords
\context Lyrics = tenors \lyricsto tenors \tenorWords
\context Lyrics = basses \lyricsto basses \bassWords
>>
\layout {
\context {
% a little smaller so lyrics
% can be closer to the staff
\Staff
\override VerticalAxisGroup #'minimum-Y-extent = #'(-3 . 3)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../b2/lily-b266ca1f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../b2/lily-b266ca1f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<!-- footer_tag --><br><hr>
<div class="node">
<p>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Chords.html#Chords">Chords</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Text.html#Text">Text</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="index.html#Top">Top</a>
</div>
<div style="background-color: #e8ffe8; padding: 2; border: #c0ffc0 1px solid;">
<p>
<font size="-1">
This page is for LilyPond-2.11.57 (development-branch).
<br>
<address>
Report errors to <a href="http://post.gmane.org/post.php?group=gmane.comp.gnu.lilypond.bugs">http://post.gmane.org/post.php?group=gmane.comp.gnu.lilypond.bugs</a>. </address>
<br>
Your <a href="http://lilypond.org/web/devel/participating/documentation-adding">suggestions for the documentation</a> are welcome.
</font>
</p>
</div>
</BODY></html>
