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<p>
<a name="Four-part-SATB-vocal-score"></a>
<a name="Four_002dpart-SATB-vocal-score"></a>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Building-a-score-from-scratch.html#Building-a-score-from-scratch">Building a score from scratch</a>,
Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Soprano-and-cello.html#Soprano-and-cello">Soprano and cello</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Extending-the-templates.html#Extending-the-templates">Extending the templates</a>
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<h4 class="subsection">3.4.2 Four-part SATB vocal score</h4>

<p><a name="index-template_002c-SATB-324"></a><a name="index-SATB-template-325"></a>
Most vocal scores of music written for four-part mixed choir
with orchestral accompaniment such as Mendelssohn's Elijah or
Handel's Messiah have the choral music and words on four
staves, one for each of SATB, with a piano reduction of the
orchestral accompaniment underneath.  Here's an example
from Handel's Messiah:

<!-- The following should appear as music without code -->
   <blockquote>
     <p>
 <a href="../8d/lily-aaa3322c.ly">
  <img align="middle"
    border="0" src="../8d/lily-aaa3322c.png" alt="[image of music]">
 </a>
</p>

   </blockquote>

   <p>None of the templates provides this layout exactly.  The nearest is
&lsquo;SATB vocal score and automatic piano reduction&rsquo; &ndash; see <a href="Vocal-ensembles.html#Vocal-ensembles">Vocal ensembles</a> &ndash; but we need to change the layout and add a piano
accompaniment which is not derived automatically from the vocal parts. 
The variables holding the music and words for the vocal parts are
fine, but we shall need to add variables for the piano reduction.

   <p>The order in which the contexts appear in the ChoirStaff of
the template do not correspond with the order in the vocal
score shown above.  We need to rearrange them so there are
four staves with the words written directly underneath the
notes for each part. 
All the voices should be <code>\voiceOne</code>, which is
the default, so the <code>\voiceXXX</code> commands should be removed. 
We also need to specify the tenor clef for the tenors. 
The way in which lyrics are specified in the template has not yet
been encountered so we need to use the method with which we are
familiar.  We should also add the names of each staff.

   <p>Doing this gives for our ChoirStaff:

<pre class="example">    \new ChoirStaff &lt;&lt;
      \new Staff = "sopranos" &lt;&lt;
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Soprano"
        \new Voice = "sopranos" { \global \sopranoMusic }
      &gt;&gt;
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranos" { \sopranoWords }
      \new Staff = "altos" &lt;&lt;
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Alto"
        \new Voice = "altos" { \global \altoMusic }
      &gt;&gt;
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" { \altoWords }
      \new Staff = "tenors" &lt;&lt;
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor"
        \new Voice = "tenors" { \global \tenorMusic }
      &gt;&gt;
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tenors" { \tenorWords }
      \new Staff = "basses" &lt;&lt;
        \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bass"
        \new Voice = "basses" { \global \bassMusic }
      &gt;&gt;
      \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" { \bassWords }
    &gt;&gt;  % end ChoirStaff
</pre>
   <p>Next we must work out the piano part.  This is
easy - we just pull out the piano part from the
&lsquo;Solo piano&rsquo; template:

<pre class="example">\new PianoStaff &lt;&lt;
  \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano  "
  \new Staff = "upper" \upper
  \new Staff = "lower" \lower
&gt;&gt;
</pre>
   <p>and add the variable definitions for <code>upper</code>
and <code>lower</code>.

   <p>The ChoirStaff and PianoStaff must be combined
using angle brackets as we want them to be
stacked one above the other:

<pre class="example">&lt;&lt;  % combine ChoirStaff and PianoStaff one above the other
  \new ChoirStaff &lt;&lt;
    \new Staff = "sopranos" &lt;&lt;
      \new Voice = "sopranos" { \global \sopranoMusic }
    &gt;&gt;
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranos" { \sopranoWords }
    \new Staff = "altos" &lt;&lt;
      \new Voice = "altos" { \global \altoMusic }
    &gt;&gt;
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" { \altoWords }
    \new Staff = "tenors" &lt;&lt;
      \clef "G_8"  % tenor clef
      \new Voice = "tenors" { \global \tenorMusic }
    &gt;&gt;
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tenors" { \tenorWords }
    \new Staff = "basses" &lt;&lt;
      \clef "bass"
      \new Voice = "basses" { \global \bassMusic }
    &gt;&gt;
    \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" { \bassWords }
  &gt;&gt;  % end ChoirStaff

  \new PianoStaff &lt;&lt;
    \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano"
    \new Staff = "upper" \upper
    \new Staff = "lower" \lower
  &gt;&gt;
&gt;&gt;
</pre>
   <p>Combining all these together and adding the music
for the three bars of the example above gives:

   <blockquote>
     <pre class="example">     \version "2.11.57"<!-- /@w -->
</pre>
     <pre class="verbatim">     
     global = { \key d \major \time 4/4 }
     sopranoMusic = \relative c'' {
       \clef "treble"
       r4 d2 a4 | d4. d8 a2 | cis4 d cis2 |
     }
     sopranoWords = \lyricmode {
       Wor -- thy is the lamb that was slain
     }
     altoMusic = \relative a' {
       \clef "treble"
       r4 a2 a4 | fis4. fis8 a2 | g4 fis fis2 |
     }
     altoWords = \sopranoWords
     tenorMusic = \relative c' {
       \clef "G_8"
       r4 fis2 e4 | d4. d8 d2 | e4 a, cis2 |
     }
     tenorWords = \sopranoWords
     bassMusic = \relative c' {
       \clef "bass"
       r4 d2 cis4 | b4. b8 fis2 | e4 d a'2 |
     }
     bassWords = \sopranoWords
     upper = \relative a' {
       \clef "treble"
       \global
       r4 &lt;a d fis>2 &lt;a e' a>4 |
       &lt;d fis d'>4. &lt;d fis d'>8 &lt;a d a'>2 |
       &lt;g cis g'>4 &lt;a d fis> &lt;a cis e>2 |
     }
     lower = \relative c, {
       \clef "bass"
       \global
       &lt;d d'>4 &lt;d d'>2 &lt;cis cis'>4 |
       &lt;b b'>4. &lt;b' b'>8 &lt;fis fis'>2 |
       &lt;e e'>4 &lt;d d'> &lt;a' a'>2 |
     }
     
     \score {
       &lt;&lt;  % combine ChoirStaff and PianoStaff in parallel
         \new ChoirStaff &lt;&lt;
           \new Staff = "sopranos" &lt;&lt;
             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Soprano"
             \new Voice = "sopranos" { \global \sopranoMusic }
           >>
           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranos" { \sopranoWords }
           \new Staff = "altos" &lt;&lt;
             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Alto"
             \new Voice = "altos" { \global \altoMusic }
           >>
           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "altos" { \altoWords }
           \new Staff = "tenors" &lt;&lt;
             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Tenor"
             \new Voice = "tenors" { \global \tenorMusic }
           >>
           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "tenors" { \tenorWords }
           \new Staff = "basses" &lt;&lt;
             \set Staff.instrumentName = "Bass"
             \new Voice = "basses" { \global \bassMusic }
           >>
           \new Lyrics \lyricsto "basses" { \bassWords }
         >>  % end ChoirStaff
     
         \new PianoStaff &lt;&lt;
           \set PianoStaff.instrumentName = "Piano  "
           \new Staff = "upper" \upper
           \new Staff = "lower" \lower
         >>
       >>
     }
</pre>
     <p>
 <a href="../3e/lily-fe1e6864.ly">
  <img align="middle"
    border="0" src="../3e/lily-fe1e6864.png" alt="[image of music]">
 </a>
</p>

   </blockquote>

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