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<a name="Scores-and-parts"></a>
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<h3 class="section">5.3 Scores and parts</h3>
<p>TODO: this is really old stuff from the really old tutorial.
Rewrite, fix, etc. Or maybe delete entirely. -gp
Include section on tags -td
and then move to section 5. Working ... -td
<p>In orchestral music, all notes are printed twice. Once in a part for
the musicians, and once in a full score for the conductor. Variables can
be used to avoid double work. The music is entered once, and stored in
a variable. The contents of that variable is then used to generate
both the part and the full score.
<p>It is convenient to define the notes in a special file. For example,
suppose that the file <samp><span class="file">horn-music.ly</span></samp> contains the following part
of a horn/bassoon duo
<pre class="example">hornNotes = \relative c {
\time 2/4
r4 f8 a cis4 f e d
}
</pre>
<p class="noindent">Then, an individual part is made by putting the following in a file
<pre class="example">\include "horn-music.ly"
\header {
instrument = "Horn in F"
}
{
\transpose f c' \hornNotes
}
</pre>
<p>The line
<pre class="example">\include "horn-music.ly"
</pre>
<p class="noindent">substitutes the contents of <samp><span class="file">horn-music.ly</span></samp> at this position in
the file, so <code>hornNotes</code> is defined afterwards. The command
<code>\transpose f c'</code> indicates that the argument, being
<code>\hornNotes</code>, should be transposed by a fifth upwards. Sounding
<code>f</code> is denoted by notated <code>c'</code>, which corresponds with the
tuning of a normal French Horn in F. The transposition can be seen
in the following output
<blockquote>
<p>
<a href="../49/lily-6afca72e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../49/lily-6afca72e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In ensemble pieces, one of the voices often does not play for many
measures. This is denoted by a special rest, the multi-measure
rest. It is entered with a capital <code>R</code> followed by a duration
(<code>1</code> for a whole note, <code>2</code> for a half note,
etc.). By multiplying the
duration, longer rests can be constructed. For example, this rest
takes 3 measures in 2/4 time
<pre class="example">R2*3
</pre>
<p>When printing the part, multi-rests
must be condensed. This is done by setting a run-time variable
<pre class="example">\set Score.skipBars = ##t
</pre>
<p class="noindent">This command sets the property <code>skipBars</code> in the
<code>Score</code> context to true (<code>##t</code>). Prepending the rest and
this option to the music above, leads to the following result
<blockquote>
<p>
<a href="../39/lily-cffd7f4d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../39/lily-cffd7f4d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The score is made by combining all of the music together. Assuming
that the other voice is in <code>bassoonNotes</code> in the file
<samp><span class="file">bassoon-music.ly</span></samp>, a score is made with
<pre class="example">\include "bassoon-music.ly"
\include "horn-music.ly"
<<
\new Staff \hornNotes
\new Staff \bassoonNotes
>>
</pre>
<p class="noindent">leading to
<blockquote>
<p>
<a href="../6e/lily-e7faa763.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../6e/lily-e7faa763.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
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