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<p>
<a name="Creating-MIDI-files"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="MIDI-block.fr.html#MIDI-block">MIDI block</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="MIDI-output.fr.html#MIDI-output">MIDI output</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h4 class="subsection">3.5.1 Creating MIDI files</h4>
<p>To create a MIDI output file from a LilyPond input file, add a
<code>\midi</code> block to a score, for example,
<pre class="example">\score {
<var>...music...</var>
\midi { }
}
</pre>
<p>If there is a <code>\midi</code> block in a <code>\score</code> with no
<code>\layout</code> block, only MIDI output will be produced. When
notation is needed too, a <code>\layout</code> block must be also be
present.
<pre class="example">\score {
<var>...music...</var>
\midi { }
\layout { }
}
</pre>
<p>Pitches, rhythms, ties, dynamics, and tempo changes are interpreted
and translated correctly to the MIDI output. Dynamic marks,
crescendi and decrescendi translate into MIDI volume levels.
Dynamic marks translate to a fixed fraction of the available MIDI
volume range. Crescendi and decrescendi make the volume vary
linearly between their two extremes. The effect of dynamic markings
on the MIDI output can be removed completely, see <a href="MIDI-block.fr.html#MIDI-block">MIDI block</a>.
<p>The initial tempo and later tempo changes can be specified
with the <code>\tempo</code> command within the music notation. These
are reflected in tempo changes in the MIDI output. This command
will normally result in the metronome mark being printed, but this
can be suppressed, see <a href="Metronome-marks.fr.html#Metronome-marks">Metronome marks</a>. An alternative way
of specifying the inital or overall MIDI tempo is described below,
see <a href="MIDI-block.fr.html#MIDI-block">MIDI block</a>.
<h5 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Instrument names</h5>
<p><a name="index-instrument-names-2442"></a><a name="index-Staff_002emidiInstrument-2443"></a><a name="index-Staff_002emidiInstrument-2444"></a>
<p>The MIDI instrument to be used is specified by setting the
<code>Staff.midiInstrument</code> property to the instrument name.
The name should be chosen from the list in <a href="MIDI-instruments.fr.html#MIDI-instruments">MIDI instruments</a>.
<pre class="example">\new Staff {
\set Staff.midiInstrument = "glockenspiel"
<var>...notes...</var>
}
</pre>
<pre class="example">\new Staff \with {midiInstrument = "cello"} {
<var>...notes...</var>
}
</pre>
<p>If the selected instrument does not exactly match an instrument from
the list of MIDI instruments, the Grand Piano (<code>"acoustic grand"</code>)
instrument is used.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h5>
<p><em>Changing MIDI output to one channel per voice</em>
<p>When outputting MIDI, the default behavior is for each staff to
represent one MIDI channel, with all the voices on a staff amalgamated.
This minimizes the risk of running out of MIDI channels, since there
are only 16 available per track.
<p>However, by moving the <code>Staff_performer</code> to the <code>Voice</code>
context, each voice on a staff can have its own MIDI channel, as is
demonstrated by the following example: despite being on the same staff,
two MIDI channels are created, each with a different
<code>midiInstrument</code>.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\score {
\new Staff <<
\new Voice \relative c''' {
\set midiInstrument = #"flute"
\voiceOne
\key g \major
\time 2/2
r2 g-"Flute" ~
g fis ~
fis4 g8 fis e2 ~
e4 d8 cis d2
}
\new Voice \relative c'' {
\set midiInstrument = #"clarinet"
\voiceTwo
b1-"Clarinet"
a2. b8 a
g2. fis8 e
fis2 r
}
>>
\layout { }
\midi {
\context {
\Staff
\remove "Staff_performer"
}
\context {
\Voice
\consists "Staff_performer"
}
\context {
\Score
tempoWholesPerMinute = #(ly:make-moment 72 2)
}
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../e6/lily-b8d3cb71.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../e6/lily-b8d3cb71.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h5>
<!-- In 2.11 the following no longer seems to be a problem -td -->
<p>Changes in the MIDI volume take place only on starting a note, so
crescendi and decrescendi cannot affect the volume of a
single note.
<p>Not all midi players correctly handle tempo changes in the midi
output. Players that are known to work include MS Windows Media
Player and <a href="http://timidity.sourceforge.net/">timidity</a>.
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<p>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="MIDI-block.fr.html#MIDI-block">MIDI block</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="MIDI-output.fr.html#MIDI-output">MIDI output</a>
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