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<p>
<a name="Full-measure-rests"></a>
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Invisible-rests.html#Invisible-rests">Invisible rests</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Writing-rests.html#Writing-rests">Writing rests</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h5 class="subsubsection">1.2.2.3 Full measure rests</h5>
<p><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rests-501"></a><a name="index-full_002dmeasure-rests-502"></a><a name="index-rest_002c-multi_002dmeasure-503"></a><a name="index-rest_002c-full_002dmeasure-504"></a><a name="index-whole-rest-for-a-full-measure-505"></a><a name="index-R-506"></a><a name="index-R-507"></a>
<p>Rests for one or more full measures are entered like notes with
the note name uppercase <code>R</code>:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
% Rest measures contracted to single measure
\compressFullBarRests
R1*4
R1*24
R1*4
b2^"Tutti" b4 a4
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../0e/lily-1e0d9ce3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../0e/lily-1e0d9ce3.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The duration of full-measure rests is identical to the duration notation
used for notes. The duration in a multi-measure rest must always be an
integral number of measure-lengths, so augmentation
dots or fractions must often be used:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\compressFullBarRests
\time 2/4
R1 | R2 |
\time 3/4
R2. | R2.*2 |
\time 13/8
R1*13/8 | R1*13/8*12 |
\time 10/8
R4*5*4 |
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../27/lily-249a1ca3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../27/lily-249a1ca3.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>A full-measure rest is printed as either a whole
or breve rest, centered in the measure, depending on the time
signature.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\time 4/4
R1 |
\time 6/4
R1*3/2 |
\time 8/4
R1*2 |
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../13/lily-a7c0221a.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../13/lily-a7c0221a.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-g_t_005cexpandFullBarRests-508"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cexpandFullBarRests-509"></a>
<a name="index-g_t_005ccompressFullBarRests-510"></a><a name="index-g_t_005ccompressFullBarRests-511"></a>
<a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest_002c-expanding-512"></a><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest_002c-contracting-513"></a>
By default a multi-measure rest is expanded in the printed score
to show all the rest measures explicitly.
Alternatively, a mult-measure rest can be shown as a single measure
containing a multi-measure rest symbol, with the number of measures of rest
printed above the measure:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
% Default behavior
\time 3/4 r2. | R2.*2 |
\time 2/4 R2 |
\time 4/4
% Rest measures contracted to single measure
\compressFullBarRests
r1 | R1*17 | R1*4 |
% Rest measures expanded
\expandFullBarRests
\time 3/4
R2.*2 |
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../70/lily-7f7b768e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../70/lily-7f7b768e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-text-on-multi_002dmeasure-rest-514"></a><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest_002c-attaching-text-515"></a><a name="index-script-on-multi_002dmeasure-rest-516"></a><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest_002c-script-517"></a><a name="index-fermata-on-multi_002dmeasure-rest-518"></a><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest_002c-attaching-fermata-519"></a>
Markups can be added to multi-measure rests.
The predefined command <code>\fermataMarkup</code>
is provided for adding fermatas.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\compressFullBarRests
\time 3/4
R2.*10^\markup { \italic "ad lib." }
R2.^\fermataMarkup
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../77/lily-1262740f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../77/lily-1262740f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><table class="cartouche" summary="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<b>Note:</b> Markups attached to a multi-measure rest are
objects of type <code>MultiMeasureRestText</code>, not
<code>TextScript</code>. Overrides must be directed to the correct
object, or they will be ignored. See the following example.
</td></tr></table>
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
% This fails, as the wrong object name is specified
\override TextScript #'padding = #5
R1^"wrong"
% This is correct and works
\override MultiMeasureRestText #'padding = #5
R1^"right"
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../8a/lily-7a0967d8.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../8a/lily-7a0967d8.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When a multi-measure rest immediately follows a <code>\partial</code>
setting, resulting bar-check warnings may not be displayed.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h5>
<p><code>\textLengthOn</code>,
<code>\textLengthOff</code>,
<code>\fermataMarkup</code>,
<code>\compressFullBarRests</code>,
<code>\expandFullBarRests</code>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h5>
<p><a name="index-church-rest-520"></a><a name="index-rest_002c-church-521"></a><a name="index-kirchenpausen-522"></a>
<em>Changing form of multi-measure rests</em>
<p>If there are ten or fewer measures of rests, a series of longa
and breve rests (called in German "Kirchenpausen" - church rests)
is printed within the staff; otherwise a simple line is shown.
This default number of ten may be changed by overriding the
<code>expand-limit</code> property:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
\compressFullBarRests
R1*2 | R1*5 | R1*9
\override MultiMeasureRest #'expand-limit = 3
R1*2 | R1*5 | R1*9
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../5f/lily-d8ffdc5b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../5f/lily-d8ffdc5b.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rests_002c-positioning-523"></a><a name="index-positioning-multi_002dmeasure-rests-524"></a>
<em>Positioning multi-measure rests</em>
<p>Unlike ordinary rests, there is no predefined command
to change the vertical position on the staff of a multi-measure
rest symbol of either form by attaching it to a note. However,
in polyphonic music multi-measure rests in odd-numbered and
even-numbered voices are vertically separated. The positioning
of multi-measure rests can be controlled as follows:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
% Multi-measure rests by default are set under the second line
R1
% They can be moved with an override
\override MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position = #-2
R1
% A value of 0 is the default position;
% the following trick moves the rest to the center line
\override MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position = #-0.01
R1
% Multi-measure rests in odd-numbered voices are under the top line
<< { R1 } \\ { a1 } >>
% Multi-measure rests in even-numbered voices are under the bottom line
<< { c1 } \\ { R1 } >>
% They remain separated even in empty measures
<< { R1 } \\ { R1 } >>
% This brings them together even though there are two voices
\compressFullBarRests
<<
\revert MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position
{ R1*3 }
\\
\revert MultiMeasureRest #'staff-position
{ R1*3 }
>>
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../27/lily-03e17eb3.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../27/lily-03e17eb3.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<!-- TODO - convert to snippet - submitted to Neil -->
<p>Markups attached to a multi-measure rest will be centered above or
below it. Long markups attached to multi-measure rests do not cause
the measure to expand. To expand a multi-measure rest to fit the markup,
use a spacer rest with an attached markup before the multi-measure rest:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\compressFullBarRests
\textLengthOn
s1*0^\markup { [MAJOR GENERAL] }
R1*19
s1*0_\markup { \italic { Cue: ... it is yours } }
s1*0^\markup { A }
R1*30^\markup { [MABEL] }
\textLengthOff
c4^\markup { CHORUS } d f c
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../0c/lily-39a8fd65.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../0c/lily-39a8fd65.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">Note that the spacer rest causes a bar to be inserted.
Text attached to a spacer rest in this way is left-aligned to the
position where the note would be placed in the measure, but if the
measure length is determined by the length of the text, the text will
appear to be centered.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Music Glossary:
<a name="index-multi_002dmeasure-rest-525"></a><a href="../music-glossary/multi_002dmeasure-rest.html#multi_002dmeasure-rest">multi-measure rest</a>.
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Durations.html#Durations">Durations</a>,
<a href="Text.html#Text">Text</a>,
<a href="Formatting-text.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>,
<a href="Text-scripts.html#Text-scripts">Text scripts</a>.
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Rhythms</a>.
<p>Internals Reference:
<a name="index-MultiMeasureRest-526"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/MultiMeasureRest.html#MultiMeasureRest">MultiMeasureRest</a>,
<a name="index-MultiMeasureRestNumber-527"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/MultiMeasureRestNumber.html#MultiMeasureRestNumber">MultiMeasureRestNumber</a>,
<a name="index-MultiMeasureRestText-528"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/MultiMeasureRestText.html#MultiMeasureRestText">MultiMeasureRestText</a>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h5>
<p>If an attempt is made to use fingerings (e.g.,
<code>R1*10-4</code>) to put numbers over multi-measure rests, the
fingering numeral (4) may collide with the bar counter
numeral (10).
<p><a name="index-condensing-rests-529"></a><a name="index-rest_002c-condensing-ordinary-530"></a>
There is no way to automatically condense multiple ordinary rests
into a single multi-measure rest.
<p><a name="index-rest_002c-collisions-of-531"></a>
Multi-measure rests do not take part in rest collisions.
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Invisible-rests.html#Invisible-rests">Invisible rests</a>,
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