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<a name="Line-styles"></a>
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Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Controlling-visibility-of-objects.fr.html#Controlling-visibility-of-objects">Controlling visibility of objects</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Common-properties.fr.html#Common-properties">Common properties</a>
<hr>
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<h4 class="subsection">5.5.2 Line styles</h4>
<!-- TODO: split the following explanations between expressive marks and -->
<!-- text-related stuff. Perhaps create a new subsection named -->
<!-- "Spanner limits", "Spanner boundaries"? -vv -->
<p>Some performance indications, e.g., <i>rallentando</i> and
<i>accelerando</i> and <i>trills</i> are written as text and are
extended over many measures with lines, sometimes dotted or wavy.
<p>These all use the same routines as the glissando for drawing the
texts and the lines, and tuning their behavior is therefore also
done in the same way. It is done with a spanner, and the routine
responsible for drawing the spanners is
<code>ly:line-interface::print</code>. This routine determines the
exact location of the two <i>span points</i> and draws a line in
between, in the style requested.
<p>Here is an example of the different line styles available, and how
to tune them.
<pre class="verbatim">
d2 \glissando d'2
\once \override Glissando #'style = #'dashed-line
d,2 \glissando d'2
\override Glissando #'style = #'dotted-line
d,2 \glissando d'2
\override Glissando #'style = #'zigzag
d,2 \glissando d'2
\override Glissando #'style = #'trill
d,2 \glissando d'2
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../06/lily-435f8cdf.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../06/lily-435f8cdf.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p>The information that determines the end-points is computed
on-the-fly for every graphic object, but it is possible to
override these.
<pre class="verbatim">
e2 \glissando f
\once \override Glissando #'bound-details #'right #'Y = #-2
e2 \glissando f
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../7b/lily-32f3c227.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../7b/lily-32f3c227.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p>The <code>Glissando</code> object, like any other using the
<code>ly:line-interface::print</code> routine, carries a nested
association list. In the above statement, the value for <code>Y</code>
is set to <code>-2</code> for the association list corresponding to the
right end point. Of course, it is also possible to adjust the
left side with <code>left</code> instead of <code>right</code>.
<p>If <code>Y</code> is not set, the value is computed from the vertical
position of right attachment point of the spanner.
<p>In case of a line break, the values for the span-points are
extended with contents of the <code>left-broken</code> and
<code>right-broken</code> sublists, for example
<pre class="verbatim">
\override Glissando #'breakable = ##T
\override Glissando #'bound-details #'right-broken #'Y = #-3
c1 \glissando \break
f1
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../03/lily-2b6a1010.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../03/lily-2b6a1010.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<p>The following properties can be used for the
<dl>
<dt><code>Y</code><dd>This sets the Y-coordinate of the end point, in staff space. By
default, it is the center of the bound object, so for a glissando
it points to the vertical center of the note head.
<p>For horizontal spanners, such as text spanner and trill spanners,
it is hardcoded to 0.
<br><dt><code>attach-dir</code><dd>This determines where the line starts and ends in X-direction,
relative to the bound object. So, a value of <code>-1</code> (or
<code>LEFT</code>) makes the line start/end at the left side of the note
head it is attached to.
<br><dt><code>X</code><dd>This is the absolute coordinate of the end point. It is usually
computed on the fly, and there is little use in overriding it.
<br><dt><code>stencil</code><dd>Line spanners may have symbols at the beginning or end, which is
contained in this sub-property. This is for internal use, it is
recommended to use <code>text</code>.
<br><dt><code>text</code><dd>This is a markup that is evaluated to yield stencil. It is used
to put <i>cresc.</i> and <i>tr</i> on horizontal spanners.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details #'left #'text
= \markup { \small \bold Slower }
c2\startTextSpan b c a\stopTextSpan
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../d1/lily-91046071.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../d1/lily-91046071.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<br><dt><code>stencil-align-dir-y</code><br><dt><code>stencil-offset</code><dd>Without setting this, the stencil is simply put there at the
end-point, as defined by the <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> sub properties.
Setting either <code>stencil-align-dir-y</code> or <code>stencil-offset</code>
will move the symbol at the edge relative to the end point of the
line
<pre class="verbatim">
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details
#'left #'stencil-align-dir-y = #DOWN
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details
#'right #'stencil-align-dir-y = #UP
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details
#'left #'text = #"gggg"
\override TextSpanner #'bound-details
#'right #'text = #"hhhh"
c4^\startTextSpan c c c \stopTextSpan
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../3e/lily-a46706df.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../3e/lily-a46706df.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
<br><dt><code>arrow</code><dd>Setting this sub property to <code>#t</code> produce an arrowhead at the
end of the line.
<br><dt><code>padding</code><dd>This sub property controls the space between the specified
end-point of the line and the actual end. Without padding, a
glissando would start and end in the center of each note head.
</dl>
<!-- TODO: Move to 5.4.4 -->
<p>The music function \endSpanners terminates spanners and hairpins
after exactly one note.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\endSpanners
c2 \startTextSpan c2
c2 \< c2
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../81/lily-b983adc9.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../81/lily-b983adc9.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>When using \endSpanners it is not necessary to close
\startTextSpan with \stopTextSpan, nor is it necessary to close
hairpins with \!.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Internals Reference: <a name="index-TextSpanner-2735"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/TextSpanner.fr.html#TextSpanner">TextSpanner</a>,
<a name="index-Glissando-2736"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/Glissando.fr.html#Glissando">Glissando</a>, <a name="index-VoiceFollower-2737"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/VoiceFollower.fr.html#VoiceFollower">VoiceFollower</a>,
<a name="index-TrillSpanner-2738"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/TrillSpanner.fr.html#TrillSpanner">TrillSpanner</a>,
<a name="index-line_002dspanner_002dinterface-2739"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/line_002dspanner_002dinterface.fr.html#line_002dspanner_002dinterface">line-spanner-interface</a>.
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