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<div class="node">
<p>
<a name="Normal-repeats"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Manual-repeat-marks.html#Manual-repeat-marks">Manual repeat marks</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Long-repeats.html#Long-repeats">Long repeats</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h5 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">Normal repeats</h5>
<p>The syntax for a normal repeat is
<pre class="example">\repeat volta <var>repeatcount</var> <var>musicexpr</var>
</pre>
<p>where <var>musicexpr</var> is a music expression. Alternate endings can be
produced using <code>\alternative</code>. In order to delimit the alternate
endings, the group of alternatives must be enclosed in a set of
braces. If there are more repeats than there are alternate endings,
the earliest repeats are given the first alternative.
<p>Normal repeats without alternate endings:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f }
c2 d
\repeat volta 2 { d4 e f g }
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../ca/lily-5564a9c5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../ca/lily-5564a9c5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Normal repeats with alternate endings:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\repeat volta 4 { c4 d e f }
\alternative {
{ d2 e }
{ f2 g }
}
c1
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../4e/lily-fec6a78f.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../4e/lily-fec6a78f.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-repeat-with-upbeat-1124"></a><a name="index-upbeat-in-a-repeat-1125"></a><a name="index-anacrucis-in-a-repeat-1126"></a><a name="index-repeat-with-anacrucis-1127"></a><a name="index-repeat-with-pickup-1128"></a><a name="index-pickup-in-a-repeat-1129"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cpartial-1130"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cpartial-1131"></a>
<p>Repeats with upbeats can be entered in two ways:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\partial 4
e |
\repeat volta 4 { c2 d | e2 f | }
\alternative {
{ g4 g g e }
{ a4 a a a | b2. }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../c2/lily-c4d13875.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../c2/lily-c4d13875.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">or
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\partial 4
\repeat volta 4 { e4 | c2 d | e2 f | }
\alternative {
{ \partial 4*3 g4 g g }
{ a4 a a a | b2. }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../0f/lily-687b8e10.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../0f/lily-687b8e10.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-repeats-with-ties-1132"></a><a name="index-alternative-endings-with-ties-1133"></a><a name="index-ties-in-repeats-1134"></a><a name="index-ties-in-alternative-endings-1135"></a><a name="index-g_t_005crepeatTie-1136"></a><a name="index-g_t_005crepeatTie-1137"></a>
<p>Ties may be added to a second ending:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
c1
\repeat volta 2 { c4 d e f ~ }
\alternative {
{ f2 d }
{ f2\repeatTie f, }
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../34/lily-e650f470.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../34/lily-e650f470.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h5>
<p><em>Shortening volta brackets</em>
<p>By default, the volta brackets will be drawn over all of the
alternative music, but it is possible to shorten them by setting
<code>voltaSpannerDuration</code>. In the next example, the bracket only
lasts one measure, which is a duration of 3/4.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\relative c'' {
\time 3/4
c4 c c
\set Score.voltaSpannerDuration = #(ly:make-moment 3 4)
\repeat volta 5 { d4 d d }
\alternative {
{
e4 e e
f4 f f
}
{ g4 g g }
}
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../10/lily-69e75132.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../10/lily-69e75132.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><em>Adding volta brackets to additional staves</em>
<p>The <code>Volta_engraver</code> by default resides in the <code>Score</code>
context, and brackets for the repeat are thus normally only printed
over the topmost staff. This can be adjusted by adding the
<code>Volta_engraver</code> to the <code>Staff</code> context where the brackets
should appear; see also the "Volta multi staff" snippet.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
<<
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
\new Staff \with { \consists "Volta_engraver" } { c'2 g' e' a' }
\new Staff { \repeat volta 2 { c'1 } \alternative { c' } }
>>
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../64/lily-55a3ba6b.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../64/lily-55a3ba6b.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Music Glossary: <a name="index-repeat-1138"></a><a href="../music-glossary/repeat.html#repeat">repeat</a>, <a name="index-volta-1139"></a><a href="../music-glossary/volta.html#volta">volta</a>.
<p>Notation Reference: <a href="Bar-lines.html#Bar-lines">Bar lines</a>, <a href="Modifying-context-plug_002dins.html#Modifying-context-plug_002dins">Modifying context plug-ins</a>.
<p>Snippets: <a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Repeats.html#Repeats">Repeats</a>.
<p>Internals Reference: <a name="index-VoltaBracket-1140"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/VoltaBracket.html#VoltaBracket">VoltaBracket</a>,
<a name="index-RepeatedMusic-1141"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/RepeatedMusic.html#RepeatedMusic">RepeatedMusic</a>, <a name="index-VoltaRepeatedMusic-1142"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/VoltaRepeatedMusic.html#VoltaRepeatedMusic">VoltaRepeatedMusic</a>,
<a name="index-UnfoldedRepeatedMusic-1143"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/UnfoldedRepeatedMusic.html#UnfoldedRepeatedMusic">UnfoldedRepeatedMusic</a>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h5>
<p><a name="index-repeat_002c-ambiguous-1144"></a><a name="index-nested-repeat-1145"></a><a name="index-repeat_002c-nested-1146"></a><a name="index-repeat-timing-information-1147"></a><a name="index-repeat-and-measure-number-1148"></a><a name="index-timing-information-and-repeats-1149"></a><a name="index-measure-number-and-repeats-1150"></a><a name="index-repeat-and-slur-1151"></a><a name="index-slur-and-repeat-1152"></a>
A nested repeat like
<pre class="example">\repeat ...
\repeat ...
\alternative
</pre>
<p class="noindent">is ambiguous, since it is is not clear to which <code>\repeat</code> the
<code>\alternative</code> belongs. This ambiguity is resolved by always
having the <code>\alternative</code> belong to the inner <code>\repeat</code>.
For clarity, it is advisable to use braces in such situations.
<p>Timing information is not remembered at the start of an alternative,
so after a repeat timing information must be reset by hand; for
example, by setting <code>Score.measurePosition</code> or entering
<code>\partial</code>. Similarly, slurs are also not repeated.
<!-- footer_tag --><br><hr>
<div class="node">
<p>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Manual-repeat-marks.html#Manual-repeat-marks">Manual repeat marks</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Long-repeats.html#Long-repeats">Long repeats</a>
</div>
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