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<a name="References-for-Arabic-music"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Arabic-note-names.de.html#Arabic-note-names">Arabic note names</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Arabic-music.de.html#Arabic-music">Arabic music</a>
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<h5 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">References for Arabic music</h5>
<p><a name="index-Arabic-music-2315"></a><a name="index-medium-intervals-2316"></a><a name="index-maqam-2317"></a><a name="index-maqams-2318"></a>
Arabic music so far has been mainly an oral tradition. When music
is transcribed, it is usually in a sketch format, on which
performers are expected to improvise significantly. Increasingly,
Western notation, with a few variations, is adopted in order to
communicate and preserve Arabic music.
<p>Some elements of Western musical notation such as the
transcription of chords or independent parts, are not required to
typeset the more traditional Arabic pieces. There are however
some different issues, such as the need to indicate medium
intervals that are somewhere between a semi-tone and a tone, in
addition to the minor and major intervals that are used in Western
music. There is also the need to group and indicate a large
number of different maqams (modes) that are part of Arabic music.
<p>In general, Arabic music notation does not attempt to precisely
indicate microtonal elements that are present in musical practice.
<p>Several issues that are relevant to Arabic music are covered
elsewhere:
<ul>
<li>Note names and accidentals (including quarter tones) can be
tailored as discussed in <a href="Note-names-in-other-languages.de.html#Note-names-in-other-languages">Note names in other languages</a>.
<li>Additional key signatures can also be tailored as described
in <a href="Key-signature.de.html#Key-signature">Key signature</a>.
<li>Complex time signatures may require that notes be grouped
manually as described in <a href="Manual-beams.de.html#Manual-beams">Manual beams</a>.
<li><var>Takasim</var> which are rhythmically free
improvisations may be written down omitting bar lines as
described in <a href="Unmetered-music.de.html#Unmetered-music">Unmetered music</a>.
</ul>
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Note-names-in-other-languages.de.html#Note-names-in-other-languages">Note names in other languages</a>,
<a href="Key-signature.de.html#Key-signature">Key signature</a>,
<a href="Manual-beams.de.html#Manual-beams">Manual beams</a>.
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/World-music.html#World-music">World music</a>.
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Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Arabic-music.de.html#Arabic-music">Arabic music</a>
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