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<h5 class="unnumberedsubsubsec">References for wind instruments</h5>
<p><a name="index-wind-instruments-2114"></a>
Many notation issues for wind instruments pertain to breathing and
tonguing:
<ul>
<li>Breathing can be specified by rests or <a href="Breath-marks.html#Breath-marks">Breath marks</a>.
<li>Legato playing is indicated by <a href="Slurs.html#Slurs">Slurs</a>.
<li>Different types of tonguings, ranging from legato to non-legato to
stacatto are usually shown by articulation marks, sometimes combined
with slurs, see <a href="Articulations-and-ornamentations.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a> and <a href="List-of-articulations.html#List-of-articulations">List of articulations</a>.
<li>Flutter tonguing is usually indicated by placing a tremolo mark
and a text markup on the note. See <a href="Tremolo-repeats.html#Tremolo-repeats">Tremolo repeats</a>.
</ul>
<p>There are also other aspects of musical notation that can apply to wind
instruments:
<ul>
<li>Many wind instruments are transposing intruments, see
<a href="Instrument-transpositions.html#Instrument-transpositions">Instrument transpositions</a>.
<li>The slide glissando are characteristic of the trombone, but other
winds may perform keyed or valved glissandi. See <a href="Glissando.html#Glissando">Glissando</a>.
<li>Harmonic series glissandi, which are possible on all brass
instruments but common for French Horns, are usually written out as
<a href="Grace-notes.html#Grace-notes">Grace notes</a>.
<li>Pitch inflections at the end of a note are discussed in <a href="Falls-and-doits.html#Falls-and-doits">Falls and doits</a>.
<li>Key slaps or valve slaps are often shown by the <code>cross</code> style
of <a href="Special-note-heads.html#Special-note-heads">Special note heads</a>.
<li>Woodwinds can overblow low notes to sound harmonics. These are
shown by the <code>flageolet</code> articulation. See <a href="List-of-articulations.html#List-of-articulations">List of articulations</a>.
<li>The use of brass mutes is usually indicated by a text markup, but
where there are many rapid changes it is better to use the
<code>stopped</code> and <code>open</code> articulations. See <a href="Articulations-and-ornamentations.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a> and <a href="List-of-articulations.html#List-of-articulations">List of articulations</a>.
<li>Stopped horns are indicated by the <code>stopped</code> articulation.
See <a href="Articulations-and-ornamentations.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a>.
</ul>
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Selected Snippets</h5>
<p><em>Changing \flageolet mark size</em>
<p>To make the <code>\flageolet</code> circle smaller use the following Scheme
function.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
smallFlageolet = #(let ((m (make-music 'ArticulationEvent
'articulation-type "flageolet")))
(set! (ly:music-property m 'tweaks)
(acons 'font-size -3
(ly:music-property m 'tweaks)))
m)
\layout { ragged-right = ##f }
\relative c'' {
d4^\flageolet_\markup { default size } d_\flageolet
c4^\smallFlageolet_\markup { smaller } c_\smallFlageolet
}
</pre>
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<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Notation Reference:
<a href="Breath-marks.html#Breath-marks">Breath marks</a>,
<a href="Slurs.html#Slurs">Slurs</a>,
<a href="Articulations-and-ornamentations.html#Articulations-and-ornamentations">Articulations and ornamentations</a>,
<a href="List-of-articulations.html#List-of-articulations">List of articulations</a>,
<a href="Tremolo-repeats.html#Tremolo-repeats">Tremolo repeats</a>,
<a href="Instrument-transpositions.html#Instrument-transpositions">Instrument transpositions</a>,
<a href="Glissando.html#Glissando">Glissando</a>,
<a href="Grace-notes.html#Grace-notes">Grace notes</a>,
<a href="Falls-and-doits.html#Falls-and-doits">Falls and doits</a>,
<a href="Special-note-heads.html#Special-note-heads">Special note heads</a>,
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Winds.html#Winds">Winds</a>
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