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<p>
<a name="Setting-automatic-beam-behavior"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Manual-beams.de.html#Manual-beams">Manual beams</a>,
Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Automatic-beams.de.html#Automatic-beams">Automatic beams</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Beams.de.html#Beams">Beams</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h5 class="subsubsection">1.2.4.2 Setting automatic beam behavior</h5>
<p><a name="index-autoBeamSettings-609"></a><a name="index-autoBeamSettings-610"></a>
<a name="index-g_t_0028end-_002a-_002a-_002a-_002a_0029-611"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028end-_002a-_002a-_002a-_002a_0029-612"></a>
<a name="index-g_t_0028begin-_002a-_002a-_002a-_002a_0029-613"></a><a name="index-g_t_0028begin-_002a-_002a-_002a-_002a_0029-614"></a>
<a name="index-automatic-beams_002c-tuning-615"></a><a name="index-tuning-automatic-beaming-616"></a>
<!-- [TODO: use \applyContext] -->
<p>In normal time signatures, automatic beams can start on any note
but can end in only a few positions within the measure: beams can
end on a beat, or at durations specified by the properties in
<code>autoBeamSettings</code>. The properties in
<code>autoBeamSettings</code> consist of a list of rules for where beams
can begin and end. The default <code>autoBeamSettings</code> rules are
defined in <samp><span class="file">scm/auto-beam.scm</span></samp>.
<p>In order to add a rule to the list, use
<pre class="example">#(override-auto-beam-setting
'(beam-limit beam-numerator beam-denominator
time-signature-numerator time-signature-denominator)
moment-numerator moment-denominator [context])
</pre>
<ul>
<li><code>beam-limit</code> is the type of automatic beam limit
defined, either <code>begin</code> or <code>end</code>.
<li><code>beam-numerator/beam-denominator</code> is the beam duration
for which you want to add a rule. A beam is considered to have
the duration of its shortest note. Set <code>beam-numerator</code> and
<code>beam-denominator</code> to <code>'*'</code> to
have this rule apply beams of any duration.
<li><code>time-signature-numerator/time-signature-denominator</code>
is the time signature to which
this rule should apply. Set <code>time-signature-numerator</code> and
<code>time-signature-denominator</code> to <code>'*'</code>
to have this rule apply in any time signature.
<li><code>monent-numerator/moment-denominator</code> is the position
in the bar at which the beam should
begin or end.
<li><code>context</code> is optional, and it specifies the context at which
the change should be made. The default is <code>'Voice</code>.
<p><code>#(score-override-auto-beam-setting '(A B C D) E F)</code> is equivalent to
<code>#(override-auto-beam-setting '(A B C D) E F 'Score)</code>.
</ul>
<p>TODO – convert to music example
For example, if automatic beams should always end on the first quarter
note, use
<pre class="example">#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 1 4)
</pre>
<p>You can force the beam settings to only take effect on beams whose shortest
note is a certain duration
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\time 2/4
% end 1/16 beams for all time signatures at the 1/16 moment
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 16 * *) 1 16)
a16 a a a a a a a |
a32 a a a a16 a a a a a |
% end 1/32 beams for all time signatures at the 1/16 moment
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 32 * *) 1 16)
a32 a a a a16 a a a a a |
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../91/lily-bc5f38d5.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../91/lily-bc5f38d5.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>You can force the beam settings to only take effect in certain time
signatures
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\time 5/8
% end beams of all durations in 5/8 time signature at the 2/8 moment
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 5 8) 2 8)
c8 c d d d
\time 4/4
e8 e f f e e d d
\time 5/8
c8 c d d d
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../37/lily-70b494d4.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../37/lily-70b494d4.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Existing auto-beam rules are removed by using
<pre class="example">#(revert-auto-beam-setting
'(beam-limit beam-numerator beam-denominator
time-signature-numerator time-signature-denominator)
moment-numerator moment-denominator [context])
</pre>
<p class="noindent"><code>beam-limit</code>, <code>beam-numerator</code>, <code>beam-denominator</code>,
<code>time-signature-numerator</code>, <code>time-signature-denominator</code>,
<code>moment-numerator</code>, <code>moment-denominator</code> and <code>context</code>
are the same as above. Note that the default auto-beaming rules are
specified in <samp><span class="file">scm/auto-beam.scm</span></samp>,
so you can revert rules that you did not explicitly create.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\time 4/4
a16 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
% undo a rule ending 1/16 beams in 4/4 time at 1/4 moment
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 16 4 4) 1 4)
a16 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../c0/lily-7748c572.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../c0/lily-7748c572.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The rule in a <code>revert-auto-beam-setting</code> statement must exactly
match the original rule. That is, no wildcard expansion is taken into
account.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
\time 1/4
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 16 1 4) 1 8)
a16 a a a
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 16 * *) 1 8) % this won't revert it!
a a a a
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 16 1 4) 1 8) % this will
a a a a
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../71/lily-48db9277.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../71/lily-48db9277.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<!-- TODO: old material - not covered by above stuff, I think. -->
<p>If automatic beams should end on every quarter in 5/4 time, specify
all endings
<pre class="example">#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 1 4 'Staff)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 1 2 'Staff)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 3 4 'Staff)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 5 4 'Staff)
...
</pre>
<p>The same syntax can be used to specify beam starting points. In this
example, automatic beams can only end on a dotted quarter note
<pre class="example">#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 3 8)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 1 2)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end * * * *) 7 8)
</pre>
<p>In 4/4 time signature, this means that automatic beams could end only on
3/8 and on the fourth beat of the measure (after 3/4, that is 2 times
3/8, has passed within the measure).
<p>If any unexpected beam behavior occurs, check the default automatic beam
settings in <samp><span class="file">scm/auto-beam.scm</span></samp>
for possible interference, because the beam
endings defined there will still apply on top of your own overrides. Any
unwanted endings in the default vales must be reverted for your time
signature(s).
<p>For example, to typeset <code>(3 4 3 2)</code>-beam endings in 12/8, begin
with
<pre class="example">%%% revert default values in scm/auto-beam.scm regarding 12/8 time
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 12 8) 3 8)
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 12 8) 3 4)
#(revert-auto-beam-setting '(end * * 12 8) 9 8)
%%% your new values
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 8 12 8) 3 8)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 8 12 8) 7 8)
#(override-auto-beam-setting '(end 1 8 12 8) 10 8)
</pre>
<p><a name="index-automatic-beam-generation-617"></a><a name="index-autobeam-618"></a><a name="index-autoBeaming-619"></a><a name="index-autoBeaming-620"></a>
<a name="index-lyrics-621"></a>
If beams are used to indicate melismata in songs, then automatic
beaming should be switched off with <code>\autoBeamOff</code>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Predefined commands</h5>
<p><a name="index-g_t_005cautoBeamOff-622"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cautoBeamOff-623"></a>
<code>\autoBeamOff</code>,
<a name="index-g_t_005cautoBeamOn-624"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cautoBeamOn-625"></a>
<code>\autoBeamOn</code>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h5>
<p>If a score ends while an automatic beam has not been ended and is
still accepting notes, this last beam will not be typeset at all.
The same holds for polyphonic voices, entered with <code><<
... \\ ... >></code>. If a polyphonic voice ends while an
automatic beam is still accepting notes, it is not typeset.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Rhythms.html#Rhythms">Rhythms</a>.
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