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<p>
<a name="Text-markup-introduction"></a>
Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Selecting-font-and-font-size.html#Selecting-font-and-font-size">Selecting font and font size</a>,
Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Formatting-text.html#Formatting-text">Formatting text</a>
<hr>
</div>
<h5 class="subsubsection">1.8.2.1 Text markup introduction</h5>
<p><a name="index-markup-1712"></a><a name="index-text-markup-1713"></a><a name="index-markup-text-1714"></a><a name="index-typeset-text-1715"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmarkup-1716"></a><a name="index-g_t_005cmarkup-1717"></a>
<p>A <code>\markup</code> block is used to typeset text with an extensible
specific syntax called “markup mode”.
<p><a name="index-markup-expressions-1718"></a><a name="index-markup-syntax-1719"></a>
The markup syntax is similar to LilyPond's usual syntax: a
<code>\markup</code> expression is enclosed in curly braces <code>{
... }</code>. A single word is regarded as a minimal expression,
and therefore does not need to be enclosed with braces.
<p>Unlike simple ‘quoted text’ indications, <code>\markup</code> blocks
may contain nested expressions or specific commands,
entered using the backslash <code>\</code> character.
Such commands only affect the first following expression.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
e1-\markup intenso
a2^\markup { poco \italic più forte }
c e1
d2_\markup { \italic "string. assai" }
e
b1^\markup { \bold { molto \italic agitato } }
c
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../b9/lily-799e015e.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../b9/lily-799e015e.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="index-special-characters-in-markup-mode-1720"></a><a name="index-markup-mode_002c-special-characters-1721"></a><a name="index-reserved-characters_002c-printing-1722"></a><a name="index-printing-special-characters-1723"></a><a name="index-quoted-text-in-markup-mode-1724"></a>
A <code>\markup</code> block may also contain quoted text strings.
Such strings are treated as minimal text expressions, and
therefore any markup command or special character (such as
<code>\</code> and <code>#</code>) will be printed verbatim without affecting
the formatting of the text. This syntax even allows to print
double quotation marks, by preceding them with backslashes
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
d1^"\italic markup..."
d_\markup \italic "... prints \"italic\" letters!"
d d
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../44/lily-0a49588d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../44/lily-0a49588d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The way markup expressions are defined affects
how these expressions will stacked, centered and aligned
when using the commands explained in <a href="Text-alignment.html#Text-alignment">Text alignment</a>.
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
c1^\markup { \column { a bbbb \line { c d } } }
c1^\markup { \center-column { a bbbb c } }
c1^\markup { \line { a b c } }
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../0a/lily-3bfd1f5d.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../0a/lily-3bfd1f5d.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Lists of words that are not enclosed with double quotes
or preceded by a command are not treated as a distinct
expression. In the following example, the first two
<code>\markup</code> expressions are equivalent:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
c1^\markup { \center-column { a bbb c } }
c1^\markup { \center-column { a { bbb c } } }
c1^\markup { \center-column { a \line { bbb c } } }
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../57/lily-e8fb704a.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../57/lily-e8fb704a.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Markups can be stored in variables. These variables may be
directly attached to notes:
<blockquote>
<pre class="verbatim">
allegro = \markup { \bold \large Allegro }
{
d''8.^\allegro
d'16 d'4 r2
}
</pre>
<p>
<a href="../f8/lily-94387dfe.ly">
<img align="middle"
border="0" src="../f8/lily-94387dfe.png" alt="[image of music]">
</a>
</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="noindent">An exhaustive list of <code>\markup</code>-specific commands can be found in
<a href="Text-markup-commands.html#Text-markup-commands">Text markup commands</a>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">See also</h5>
<p class="indent">
<p>This manual: <a href="Text-markup-commands.html#Text-markup-commands">Text markup commands</a>.
<p>Snippets:
<a href="../../../input/lsr/lilypond-snippets/Text.html#Text">Text</a>.
<p>Internals Reference: <a name="index-TextScript-1725"></a><a href="../lilypond-internals/TextScript.html#TextScript">TextScript</a>.
<p>Init files: <samp><span class="file">scm/new-markup.scm</span></samp>.
<p class="noindent">
<h5 class="subsubheading">Known issues and warnings</h5>
<p>Syntax errors for markup mode can be confusing.
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