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%%Creator: dvipsk 5.58f Copyright 1986, 1994 Radical Eye Software
%%Title: labman.dvi
%%Pages: 106
%%PageOrder: Ascend
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%%DocumentFonts: Palatino-Roman Palatino-Bold Palatino-Italic Courier
%%DocumentPaperSizes: Letter
%%EndComments
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o labman.ps labman
%DVIPSParameters: dpi=600, compressed, comments removed
%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 1996.01.16:1532
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TR[matrix currentmatrix{dup dup round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}
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/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B
/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{
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%%BeginFont: Palatino-Roman
% @psencodingfile{
%   author = "S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry",
%   version = "0.6",
%   date = "14 April 1995",
%   filename = "8r.enc",
%   email = "kb@cs.umb.edu",
%   address = "135 Center Hill Rd. // Plymouth, MA 02360",
%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
%   checksum = "xx",
%   docstring = "Encoding for TrueType or Type 1 fonts to be used with TeX."
% }
% 
% Idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
% available for typesetting. This is effectively the characters in Adobe
% Standard Encoding + ISO Latin 1 + extra characters from Lucida.
% 
% Character code assignments were made as follows:
% 
% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
% positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the
% fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows
% ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for
% typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen
% (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an
% irritation not having them in TeX positions.
% 
% (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part
% of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software.
% 
% (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the
% hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public
% consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12.
% 
% (4) Remaining positions left undefined are for use in (hopefully)
% upward-compatible revisions, if someday more characters are generally
% available.
% 
% (5) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows.
% 
/TeXBase1Encoding [
% 0x00 (encoded characters from Adobe Standard not in Windows 3.1)
  /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl
  /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash
  /ogonek /ring /.notdef
  /breve /minus /.notdef 
% These are the only two remaining unencoded characters, so may as
% well include them.
  /Zcaron /zcaron 
% 0x10
 /caron /dotlessi 
% (unusual TeX characters available in, e.g., Lucida Bright)
 /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl 
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
 % very contentious; it's so painful not having quoteleft and quoteright
 % at 96 and 145 that we move the things normally found there down to here.
 /grave /quotesingle 
% 0x20 (ASCII begins)
 /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
 /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
 /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash
% 0x30
 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven
 /eight /nine /colon /semicolon /less /equal /greater /question
% 0x40
 /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O
% 0x50
 /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W
 /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
% 0x60
 /quoteleft /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o
% 0x70
 /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w
 /x /y /z /braceleft /bar /braceright /asciitilde
 /.notdef % rubout; ASCII ends
% 0x80
 /.notdef /.notdef /quotesinglbase /florin
 /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl
 /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft
 /OE /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
% 0x90
 /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft
 /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash
 /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright
 /oe /.notdef /.notdef /Ydieresis
% 0xA0
 /.notdef % nobreakspace
 /exclamdown /cent /sterling
 /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
 /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
 /logicalnot
 /hyphen % Y&Y (also at 45); Windows' softhyphen
 /registered
 /macron
% 0xD0
 /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
 /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
 /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
 /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
% 0xC0
 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
 /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
 /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
% 0xD0
 /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute
 /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
 /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
 /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
% 0xE0
 /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
 /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
 /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis
 /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
% 0xF0
 /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
 /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
 /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
 /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
] def
%%EndFont
%%BeginProcSet: pcrr8a.pfb
%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: Courier 001.003
%%CreationDate: Tue Sep 17 16:16:38 1991
%%VMusage: 57844 76768
%% Copyright International Business Machines,Corp. 1991
%% IBM Courier is a Trademark of the IBM Corporation.
11 dict begin
/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
/version (001.003) readonly def
/Notice (Copyright (c) IBM Corporation 1990,1991. IBM Courier is a Trademark of the IBM Corporation.) readonly def
/Copyright (Copyright (c) IBM Corporation 1990,1991.) readonly def
/FullName (Courier) readonly def
/FamilyName (Courier) readonly def
/Weight (Regular) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch true def
/UnderlinePosition -100 def
/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
/FontName /Courier def
/Encoding StandardEncoding def
/PaintType 0 def
/FontType 1 def
/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/UniqueID 263786 def
/FontBBox{-48 -288 684 841}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec

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29 30 bop 0 100 a Fx(Lab)20 b(4.)41 b(Multiplication)21
b(and)f(Division)1936 b(29)160 393 y(T)-8 b(able)21 b(4.2)e(The)i
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188 b(smul)113 b(smulcc)792 725 y(unsigned)18 b(integer)g
(multiplication)100 b(umul)g(umulcc)792 816 y(signed)18
b(integer)g(division)386 b(sdiv)136 b(sdivcc)792 907
y(unsigned)18 b(integer)g(division)298 b(udiv)123 b(udivcc)p
0 1267 3300 4 v 0 1348 a Fs(Example)24 b(4.1)75 b Fr(W)o(rite)22
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1439 y(should)19 b(assume)g(that)g Fk(a)p Fr(,)f Fk(b)p
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1738 y(b:)269 b(.word)133 b(0x43)224 1829 y(c:)269 b(.word)133
b(0x44)583 2012 y(.text)224 2103 y(start:)89 b(set)223
b(a,)45 b(\045r1)583 2194 y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44 b(\045r2)583
2286 y(set)223 b(b,)45 b(\045r1)583 2377 y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44
b(\045r3)583 2468 y(set)223 b(c,)45 b(\045r1)583 2560
y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44 b(\045r4)583 2742 y(smul)178
b(\045r2,)45 b(\045r3,)f(\045r2)134 b(!)44 b(a*)h(b)g(-->)f(\045y,)g
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y(set)223 b(a,)45 b(\045r1)583 3108 y(st)268 b(\045r2,)45
b([\045r1])268 b(!)44 b(\045r2)h(-->)f(a)224 3290 y(end:)179
b(ta)268 b(0)p 0 3320 V 125 3469 a Fx(The)23 b(signed)h(and)g(unsigned)
g(operations)g(ar)o(e)f(distinguished)h(by)g(the)g(way)g(they)g
(interpr)o(et)f(their)0 3569 y(operands.)48 b(The)29
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%%Page: 30 32
30 31 bop 600 100 a Fx(30)1933 b(Lab)20 b(4.)41 b(Multiplication)21
b(and)g(Division)600 333 y Fp(4.3.3)99 b(Examining)24
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690 y(the)29 b(multiplication.)52 b(In)29 b(many)g(other)g(cases)g(you)
g(will)h(need)f(to)g(examine)g(or)g(set)g(the)g(contents)h(of)600
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(division.)56 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(can)e(use)h(the)600 989
y(\(synthetic\))24 b(mov)g(operation)g(intr)o(oduced)f(in)h(Lab)f(2)h
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1088 y(integer)d(r)o(egister)f(or)h(vice)g(versa.)k(Y)-8
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b(The)19 b(second)g(format)g(copies)600 1387 y(the)27
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b(.)1206 1899 y Fq(Operation)190 b(Assembler)18 b(syntax)176
b(Operation)19 b(implemented)p 1156 1930 2188 4 v 1206
1994 a(r)o(egister)d(copy)99 b(mov)h(\045y)-8 b(,)17
b Fr(rd)316 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rd)p Fq(])18 b(=)h(r)o(eg[\045y])1733
2085 y(mov)100 b Fr(rs)p Fq(,)19 b(\045y)314 b(r)o(eg[\045y])17
b(=)i(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)p Fq(])1206 2176 y(r)o(egister)d(set)168
b(mov)100 b Fr(siconst)2191 2184 y Ff(13)2256 2176 y
Fq(,)18 b(\045y)99 b(r)o(eg[\045y])17 b(=)i Fr(iconst)3020
2184 y Ff(13)725 2462 y Fx(When)32 b(you)h(stor)o(e)f(a)g(value)g(into)
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b(means)g(that)g(you)g(need)g(to)600 2662 y(make)16 b(sur)o(e)f(ther)o
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2761 y(as)k(a)h(destination)g(and)f(an)h(instr)o(uction)h(that)f(uses)g
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b(.)p 765 2888 2970 4 v 765 2975 a Fs(W)g(riting)23 b(to)g(the)h(Y)f
(register)99 b Fq(Remember)-6 b(,)25 b(always)e(make)h(sur)o(e)e(that)k
(ther)o(e)d(ar)o(e)g(at)i(least)e(thr)o(ee)h(in-)765
3067 y(str)o(uctions)i(between)g(any)g(instr)o(uction)h(that)g(writes)e
(to)g(the)i(\045y)d(r)o(egister)g(and)i(an)g(instr)o(uction)g(that)765
3158 y(uses)18 b(the)h(value)g(in)g(the)g(\045y)f(r)o(egister)-6
b(.)p 765 3207 V 600 3493 3300 4 v 600 3574 a Fs(Example)18
b(4.2)93 b Fr(W)o(rite)16 b(a)h(SP)-10 b(ARC)17 b(assembly)h(language)f
(fragment)g(to)h(evaluate)f(the)h(statement)f Fk(a)k
Fd(=)g(\()p Fk(a)12 b Fd(+)g Fk(b)p Fd(\))p Fk(=c)p Fr(.)23
b(Again,)600 3665 y(you)c(should)g(assume)f(that)h Fk(a)p
Fr(,)f Fk(b)p Fr(,)h(and)f Fk(c)h Fr(ar)o(e)g(signed)g(integers)f(and)h
(that)g(all)g(r)o(esults)e(can)i(be)f(r)o(epr)o(esented)h(in)f(32)h
(bits.)1183 3781 y Fo(.data)824 3873 y(a:)269 b(.word)133
b(0x42)824 3964 y(b:)269 b(.word)133 b(0x43)824 4055
y(c:)269 b(.word)133 b(0x44)1183 4238 y(.text)824 4329
y(start:)89 b(mov)223 b(\045r0,)45 b(\045y)403 b(!)44
b(clear)g(the)h(Y)f(register)g(--)g(THERE)g(MUST)h(BE)600
4421 y(AT)2259 4512 y(!)f(LEAST)g(3)h(INSTRUCTIONS)e(BETWEEN)h(THE)g
(MOV)600 4603 y(AND)2259 4695 y(!)g(SDIV)h(INSTRUCTIONS)1183
4786 y(set)223 b(a,)45 b(\045r1)1183 4877 y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44
b(\045r2)1183 4969 y(set)223 b(b,)45 b(\045r1)1183 5060
y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44 b(\045r3)1183 5151 y(set)223
b(c,)45 b(\045r1)1183 5243 y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44 b(\045r4)p
eop
%%Page: 31 33
31 32 bop 0 100 a Fx(Lab)20 b(4.)41 b(Multiplication)21
b(and)f(Division)1936 b(31)583 333 y Fo(add)223 b(\045r2,)45
b(\045r3,)f(\045r2)134 b(!)44 b(a)h(+)g(b)f(-->)h(\045r2)583
424 y(sdiv)178 b(\045r2,)45 b(\045r4,)f(\045r2)134 b(!)44
b(\045r2)h(/)f(c)h(-->)f(\045r2)583 607 y(set)223 b(a,)45
b(\045r1)583 698 y(st)268 b(\045r2,)45 b([\045r1])268
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b(0)p 0 818 3300 4 v 0 1111 a Fp(4.3.4)99 b(The)25 b(multiply)g(step)g
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b(ARC)16 b(pr)o(ovided)f(a)g(multiply)i(step)f(operation,)h
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2441 y(multiplication)22 b(and)e(division)i(operations)f(that)g(do)g
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b(.)0 3026 y Fu(4.5)119 b(Review)30 b(Questions)104 3215
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eop
%%Page: 32 34
32 33 bop 600 100 a Fx(32)1933 b(Lab)20 b(4.)41 b(Multiplication)21
b(and)g(Division)p eop
%%Page: 33 35
33 34 bop 0 474 3300 12 v 0 723 a Fv(Laboratory)53 b(5)0
976 y(Bit)e(Manipulation)h(and)g(Character)0 1186 y(I/O)p
0 1302 1200 12 v 0 1659 a Fu(5.1)119 b(Goal)0 1848 y
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5076 y(a:)269 b(.word)133 b(0x42)224 5167 y(b:)269 b(.word)133
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y(d:)269 b(.word)133 b(0x45)1608 5560 y Fx(33)p eop
%%Page: 34 36
34 35 bop 600 100 a Fx(34)1622 b(Lab)20 b(5.)40 b(Bit)21
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y Fq(,)18 b Fr(rs)2047 824 y Ff(2)2082 816 y Fq(,)g Fr(rd)282
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824 y Ff(1)2994 816 y Fq(])g Fl(j)g Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)3268
824 y Ff(2)3301 816 y Fq(])1590 907 y(or)198 b Fr(rs)1917
915 y Ff(1)1952 907 y Fq(,)18 b Fr(siconst)2198 915 y
Ff(13)2263 907 y Fq(,)h Fr(rd)100 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rd)p
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Fl(^)g Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)3298 1007 y Ff(2)3331 999 y
Fq(])1590 1090 y(xor)159 b Fr(rs)1917 1098 y Ff(1)1952
1090 y Fq(,)18 b Fr(siconst)2198 1098 y Ff(13)2263 1090
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1098 y Ff(13)1052 1181 y Fq(and)g(not)285 b(andn)100
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1189 y Ff(2)2082 1181 y Fq(,)g Fr(rd)282 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p
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1181 y Fq(])g(&)g Fl(\030)p Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)3365 1189
y Ff(2)3397 1181 y Fq(])1590 1272 y(andn)100 b Fr(rs)1917
1280 y Ff(1)1952 1272 y Fq(,)18 b Fr(siconst)2198 1280
y Ff(13)2263 1272 y Fq(,)h Fr(rd)100 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rd)p
Fq(])17 b(=)i(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)2961 1280 y Ff(1)2994 1272
y Fq(])g(&)g Fl(\030)p Fr(siconst)3384 1280 y Ff(13)1052
1364 y Fq(or)f(not)341 b(orn)155 b Fr(rs)1917 1372 y
Ff(1)1952 1364 y Fq(,)18 b Fr(rs)2047 1372 y Ff(2)2082
1364 y Fq(,)g Fr(rd)282 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rd)p Fq(])17
b(=)i(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rs)2961 1372 y Ff(1)2994 1364 y Fq(])g
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1364 y Fq(])1590 1455 y(orn)155 b Fr(rs)1917 1463 y Ff(1)1952
1455 y Fq(,)18 b Fr(siconst)2198 1463 y Ff(13)2263 1455
y Fq(,)h Fr(rd)100 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p Fr(rd)p Fq(])17 b(=)i(r)o(eg[)p
Fr(rs)2961 1463 y Ff(1)2994 1455 y Fq(])g Fl(j)g(\030)p
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Fr(rs)3358 1554 y Ff(2)3390 1546 y Fq(])1590 1638 y(xnor)116
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1646 y Ff(13)2263 1638 y Fq(,)h Fr(rd)100 b Fq(r)o(eg[)p
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Fr(.)p 600 5350 V eop
%%Page: 35 37
35 36 bop 0 100 a Fx(Lab)20 b(5.)41 b(Bit)20 b(Manipulation)h(and)f
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eop
%%Page: 36 38
36 37 bop 600 100 a Fx(36)1622 b(Lab)20 b(5.)40 b(Bit)21
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731 y(icant)22 b(5)f(bits)i(of)f(the)g(second)g(sour)o(ce)f(operand)h
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600 3009 V 600 3301 a Fp(5.3.5)99 b(Character)24 b(data)h(and)f
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f(fr)o(om)h(the)h(standar)o(d)d(I/O)600 4256 y(devices.)824
4348 y Fo(ta)269 b(1)313 b(!)45 b(\045r8)f(-->)h(putchar)824
4439 y(ta)269 b(2)313 b(!)45 b(getchar)f(-->)g(\045r8)725
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b(Operation)21 b(performed)p 10 2477 3280 4 v 235 2547
a(0)274 b(open)946 b(open)21 b(the)g(device)235 2647
y(1)274 b(close)948 b(close)21 b(the)g(device)235 2746
y(2)274 b(color)307 b Fn(n)588 b Fx(set)22 b(the)g(drawing)f(color)h
(\()p Fn(n)j Fm(=)f(0)d Fx(for)h(black,)f Fn(n)k Fm(=)1680
2846 y(1)20 b Fx(for)h(white\))235 2946 y(3)274 b(gx)p
645 2946 25 4 v 30 w(op)j Fn(n)588 b Fx(set)21 b(the)g(\223drawing)f
(function\224)h(\(see)f(T)-8 b(able)20 b(8.2\))235 3045
y(4)274 b(line)355 b Fn(x)1089 3057 y Fc(1)1147 3045
y Fn(y)1188 3057 y Fc(1)1246 3045 y Fn(x)1293 3057 y
Fc(2)1351 3045 y Fn(y)1392 3057 y Fc(2)1680 3045 y Fx(draw)20
b(a)g(line)i(fr)o(om)e(pixel)g Fm(\()p Fn(x)2593 3057
y Fc(1)2631 3045 y Fn(;)14 b(y)2709 3057 y Fc(1)2746
3045 y Fm(\))21 b Fx(to)g Fm(\()p Fn(x)2971 3057 y Fc(2)3009
3045 y Fn(;)14 b(y)3087 3057 y Fc(2)3124 3045 y Fm(\))235
3145 y Fx(5)274 b(\002ll)393 b Fn(x)21 b(y)j(w)f(h)375
b Fx(\002ll)45 b(the)f(r)o(ectangle)g(with)h(upper)e(left)h(corner)1680
3244 y Fm(\()p Fn(x;)14 b(y)s Fm(\))p Fx(,)21 b(width)g
Fn(w)r Fx(,)h(and)e(height)h Fn(h)235 3344 y Fx(6)274
b(blt)394 b Fn(x)1089 3356 y Fc(1)1147 3344 y Fn(y)1188
3356 y Fc(1)1246 3344 y Fn(w)23 b(h)e(x)1444 3356 y Fc(2)1503
3344 y Fn(y)1544 3356 y Fc(2)1680 3344 y Fx(copy)31 b(the)g(r)o
(ectangle)f(with)i(upper)f(left)f(corner)1680 3444 y
Fm(\()p Fn(x)1759 3456 y Fc(1)1797 3444 y Fn(;)14 b(y)1875
3456 y Fc(1)1912 3444 y Fm(\))p Fx(,)26 b(width)f Fn(w)r
Fx(,)h(and)f(height)h Fn(h)e Fx(to)h(the)g(r)o(ect-)1680
3543 y(angle)c(with)g(upper)f(left)h(corner)f Fm(\()p
Fn(x)2808 3555 y Fc(2)2846 3543 y Fn(;)14 b(y)2924 3555
y Fc(2)2961 3543 y Fm(\))0 3905 y Fx(\002lling)25 b(a)e(r)o(ectangle\))
f(or)i(the)g(sour)o(ce)f(pixel)g(\(when)h(copying)h(a)e(r)o(ectangle\))
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(by)i(the)g(gx)g(device.)125 4105 y(The)h(line)h(function)g(draws)f(a)g
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o(ent)g(drawing)0 4204 y(color)e(and)f(function.)25 b(This)20
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b(ar)o(guments)f(to)g(specify)g(the)h(the)0 4304 y(coor)o(dinates)g
(for)h(each)f(pixel.)125 4403 y(The)31 b(\002ll)g(command)h(\002lls)f
(a)g(r)o(ectangle)f(based)g(on)i(the)f(curr)o(ent)f(drawing)h(color)h
(and)e(function.)0 4503 y(This)18 b(command)f(takes)g(four)g(ar)o
(guments:)23 b(the)18 b(\002rst)f(two)h(ar)o(guments)f(specify)g(the)g
(coor)o(dinates)g(of)g(the)0 4603 y(upper)23 b(left)h(corner)g(of)g
(the)g(r)o(ectangle,)f(the)h(thir)o(d)g(ar)o(gument)f(speci\002es)h
(the)g(width)g(of)g(the)g(r)o(ectangle,)0 4702 y(and)c(the)h(fourth)g
(ar)o(gument)f(speci\002es)h(the)g(height)h(of)e(the)h(r)o(ectangle.)
125 4802 y(The)h(blt)g(command)g(copies)h(\(subject)f(to)g(the)g
(drawing)g(function\))h(a)e(r)o(ectangle)g(fr)o(om)h(one)h(part)e(of)0
4902 y(the)27 b(gx)f(memory)i(to)e(another)-6 b(.)43
b(This)28 b(command)e(takes)h(six)g(ar)o(guments:)36
b(the)27 b(\002rst)g(four)f(ar)o(guments)0 5001 y(specify)i(the)g(sour)
o(ce)g(r)o(ectangle,)g(the)g(last)g(two)h(specify)f(the)g(upper)f(left)
h(corner)g(of)g(the)g(destination)0 5101 y(r)o(ectangle.)125
5200 y(T)-8 b(o)22 b(issue)f(a)g(gx)h(command,)g(you)g(\002rst)g(stor)o
(e)f(the)g(ar)o(guments)g(in)h(the)g(gx)g(ar)o(gument)f(r)o(egisters)f
(and)0 5300 y(then)27 b(stor)o(e)f(the)g(command)g(into)i(the)e(gx)g
(command)h(r)o(egister)-6 b(.)41 b(The)26 b(or)o(der)f(in)i(which)g
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54 55 bop 600 100 a Fx(54)1798 b(Lab)20 b(8.)40 b(The)21
b(ISEM)f(Graphics)h(Accelerator)1027 393 y(T)-8 b(able)20
b(8.2)g(Drawing)h(operation)g(supported)f(by)h(the)g(graphics)g
(accelerator)1150 544 y(Name)367 b(V)-8 b(alue)100 b(Drawing)21
b(operation)p 1100 578 2300 4 v 1150 647 a(clear)415
b(0x0)181 b(0)1150 747 y(and)450 b(0x1)181 b(sour)o(ce)20
b(AND)h(destination)1150 847 y(andReverse)160 b(0x2)181
b(sour)o(ce)20 b(AND)h(NOT)f(destination)1150 946 y(copy)413
b(0x3)181 b(sour)o(ce)1150 1046 y(andInverted)136 b(0x4)181
b(NOT)21 b(sour)o(ce)f(AND)g(destination)1150 1145 y(noop)403
b(0x5)181 b(destination)1150 1245 y(xor)470 b(0x6)181
b(sour)o(ce)20 b(XOR)i(destination)1150 1345 y(or)513
b(0x7)181 b(sour)o(ce)20 b(OR)h(destination)1150 1444
y(nor)465 b(0x8)181 b(NOT)21 b(sour)o(ce)f(AND)g(NOT)h(destination)1150
1544 y(equiv)384 b(0x9)181 b(NOT)21 b(sour)o(ce)f(XOR)i(destination)
1150 1644 y(invert)372 b(0xa)181 b(NOT)21 b(destination)1150
1743 y(orReverse)223 b(0xb)177 b(sour)o(ce)20 b(OR)h(NOT)g(destination)
1150 1843 y(copyInverted)99 b(0xc)186 b(NOT)21 b(sour)o(ce)1150
1942 y(orInverted)199 b(0xd)172 b(NOT)21 b(sour)o(ce)f(OR)h
(destination)1150 2042 y(nand)402 b(0xe)183 b(NOT)21
b(sour)o(ce)f(OR)h(NOT)g(destination)1150 2142 y(set)489
b(0xf)195 b(1)600 2504 y(these)31 b(stor)o(es)g(is)h(critical.)56
b(Y)-8 b(ou)33 b(must)f(load)f(the)g(command)h(r)o(egister)e(after)g
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600 2703 y(in)i(the)g(command)g(r)o(egister)-6 b(.)725
2803 y(Symbolic)28 b(constant)i(that)e(make)g(devices,)i(like)f(the)f
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2902 y(de\002ned)h(in)i(header)d(\002les.)50 b(Figur)o(e)29
b(8.3)e(pr)o(esents)h(a)h(header)e(\002le)i(for)g(the)g(gx)f(device.)49
b(Example)28 b(8.1)600 3002 y(illustrates)21 b(the)g(gx)g(device)e(and)
i(a)f(use)h(of)g(the)f(gx)h(header)f(\002le.)p 600 3128
3300 4 v 600 3208 a Fs(Example)i(8.1)75 b Fr(W)o(rite)20
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3299 y(to)e(lower)f(right)i(corner)-6 b(.)1183 3415 y
Fo(.include)43 b("gx.h")1183 3598 y(.text)824 3689 y(main:)134
b(set)223 b(BX_BUFFER,)44 b(\045r1)447 b(!)45 b(\045r1)f(points)g(to)h
(gx)f(registers)1183 3872 y(st)268 b(\045r0,)45 b([\045r1+GX_CMD])311
b(!)45 b(open)f(display)1183 3963 y(ld)268 b([\045r1+GX_STATUS],)43
b(\045r2)178 b(!)45 b(load)f(status)g(word)824 4055 y(wait:)134
b(cmp)223 b(\045r2,)45 b(0)1183 4146 y(be)268 b(wait)896
b(!)45 b(wait)f(until)g(window)g(is)h(mapped)1183 4237
y(ld)268 b([\045r1],)44 b(\045r2)627 b(!)45 b(load)f(status)g(word)1183
4420 y(!)g(set)h(up)f(the)h(command)e(arguments)1183
4511 y(st)268 b(\045r0,)45 b([\045r1+GX_LINE_X1])131
b(!)45 b(x1)g(=)f(0)1183 4603 y(st)268 b(\045r0,)45 b
([\045r1+GX_LINE_Y1])131 b(!)45 b(y1)g(=)f(0)1183 4694
y(mov)223 b(511,)45 b(\045r2)1183 4785 y(st)268 b(\045r2,)45
b([\045r1+GX_LINE_X2])131 b(!)45 b(x2)g(=)f(511)1183
4877 y(st)268 b(\045r2,)45 b([\045r1+GX_LINE_Y2])131
b(!)45 b(y2)g(=)f(511)1183 5059 y(!)g(now,)h(issue)f(the)g(command)1183
5151 y(mov)223 b(GX_LINE,)44 b(\045r2)1183 5242 y(st)268
b(\045r2,)45 b([\045r1+GX_CMD])p eop
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55 56 bop 0 100 a Fx(Lab)20 b(8.)41 b(The)20 b(ISEM)g(Graphics)h
(Accelerator)1797 b(55)224 459 y Fo(!)224 550 y(!)45
b(gx.h)f(--)g(symbolic)g(constants)f(for)i(the)f(gx)g(device)224
642 y(!)224 733 y(.set)g(GX_BUFFER,)402 b(0x100000)88
b(!)45 b(start)f(address)g(for)g(GX)h(registers)224 916
y(.set)f(GX_OPEN,)492 b(0)403 b(!)45 b(command)f(numbers)224
1007 y(.set)g(GX_CLOSE,)447 b(1)224 1098 y(.set)44 b(GX_COLOR,)447
b(2)224 1190 y(.set)44 b(GX_OP,)582 b(3)224 1281 y(.set)44
b(GX_LINE,)492 b(4)224 1372 y(.set)44 b(GX_FILL,)492
b(5)224 1464 y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT,)492 b(6)224 1646 y(.set)44
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1738 y(.set)h(GX_CMD,)537 b(4)224 1829 y(.set)44 b(GX_ARG,)537
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b(fill)224 2103 y(.set)g(GX_FILL_Y,)357 b(12)224 2194
y(.set)44 b(GX_FILL_W,)357 b(16)224 2286 y(.set)44 b(GX_FILL_H,)357
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b(for)44 b(line)224 2560 y(.set)g(GX_LINE_Y1,)312 b(12)224
2651 y(.set)44 b(GX_LINE_X2,)312 b(16)224 2742 y(.set)44
b(GX_LINE_Y2,)312 b(20)224 2925 y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT_X1,)357
b(8)403 b(!)135 b(for)44 b(blit)224 3016 y(.set)g(GX_BLIT_Y1,)312
b(12)224 3108 y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT_W,)357 b(16)224 3199
y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT_H,)357 b(20)224 3290 y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT_X2,)312
b(24)224 3382 y(.set)44 b(GX_BLIT_Y2,)312 b(28)224 3564
y(!)45 b(drawing)e(functions)h(for)g(the)g(GX_OP)g(command)224
3656 y(.set)g(GX_CLEAR,)402 b(0x0)358 b(!)45 b(0)224
3747 y(.set)f(GX_AND,)492 b(0x1)358 b(!)45 b(source)f(AND)g
(destination)224 3838 y(.set)g(GX_AND_REVERSE,)132 b(0x2)358
b(!)45 b(source)f(AND)g(NOT)h(destination)224 3929 y(.set)f(GX_COPY,)
447 b(0x3)358 b(!)45 b(source)224 4021 y(.set)f(GX_AND_INVERTED,)87
b(0x4)358 b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)g(AND)h(destination)224
4112 y(.set)f(GX_NOOP,)447 b(0x5)358 b(!)45 b(destination)224
4203 y(.set)f(GX_XOR,)492 b(0x6)358 b(!)45 b(source)f(XOR)g
(destination)224 4295 y(.set)g(GX_OR,)537 b(0x7)358 b(!)45
b(source)f(OR)g(destination)224 4386 y(.set)g(GX_NOR,)492
b(0x8)358 b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)g(AND)h(NOT)f(destination)224
4477 y(.set)g(GX_EQUIV,)402 b(0x9)358 b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)g(XOR)h
(destination)224 4569 y(.set)f(GX_INVERT,)357 b(0xa)h(!)45
b(NOT)f(destination)224 4660 y(.set)g(GX_OR_REVERSE,)177
b(0xb)358 b(!)45 b(source)f(OR)g(NOT)h(destination)224
4751 y(.set)f(GX_COPY_INVERTED,)e(0xc)358 b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)224
4843 y(.set)g(GX_OR_INVERTED,)132 b(0xd)358 b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)g(OR)
h(destination)224 4934 y(.set)f(GX_NAND,)447 b(0xe)358
b(!)45 b(NOT)f(source)g(OR)h(NOT)f(destination)1028 5117
y Fx(Figur)o(e)20 b(8.3)g(The)g(gx)h(header)f(\002le.)25
b(gx.h)p eop
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56 57 bop 600 100 a Fx(56)1798 b(Lab)20 b(8.)40 b(The)21
b(ISEM)f(Graphics)h(Accelerator)1183 333 y Fo(!)44 b(all)h(done)f(--)g
(the)h(display)e(will)i(remain)e(until)h(you)h(exit)f(isem)824
424 y(end:)179 b(ta)268 b(0)p 600 453 3300 4 v 600 789
a Fu(8.4)119 b(Summary)600 1028 y(8.5)g(Review)30 b(Questions)600
1267 y(8.6)119 b(Exercises)704 1456 y Fx(1.)41 b(A)24
b(bitmap)g(is)h(r)o(ectangle)e(of)h(black)g(and)g(white)h(pixels.)37
b(In)25 b(X1)-5 b(1,)24 b(bitmaps)h(ar)o(e)e(stor)o(ed)h(r)o(ow-by-)808
1555 y(r)o(ow)j(in)h(an)g(array)e(of)i(bytes,)h(i.e.,)g(consecutive)e
(memory)i(locations.)47 b(Each)27 b(bit)h(in)g(this)g(array)808
1655 y(r)o(epr)o(esents)20 b(a)h(pixel)h(on)g(the)g(scr)o(een\2271)f
(for)g(black)h(and)f(0)h(for)f(white)h(\(the)g(inverse)g(of)g(the)g
(color)808 1755 y(convention)27 b(used)e(for)h(the)g(gx)f(device\).)40
b(Each)25 b(r)o(ow)h(of)f(the)h(bitmap)g(is)g(stor)o(ed)f(in)h(an)g
(integral)808 1854 y(number)k(of)g(bytes.)53 b(If)30
b(the)g(number)g(of)g(columns)i(is)e(not)h(a)e(multiple)i(of)f(8,)i
(the)e(last)g(byte)g(is)808 1954 y(padded)21 b(with)k(zer)o(os.)33
b(The)23 b(\002rst)h(byte)f(of)h(the)f(array)g(r)o(epr)o(esents)f(the)h
(leftmost)h(8)f(pixels)h(in)g(the)808 2054 y(top)d(r)o(ow)-8
b(.)29 b(The)21 b(next)h(byte)f(r)o(epr)o(esents)f(the)i(next)g(8)f
(pixels)g(in)i(the)e(top)h(r)o(ow)g(or)f(the)h(\002rst)g(8)f(pixels)808
2153 y(of)26 b(the)g(next)g(r)o(ow)h(if)f(ther)o(e)f(ar)o(e)g(fewer)g
(than)i(9)f(columns)h(in)g(the)f(bitmap.)42 b(W)-5 b(ithin)28
b(a)e(byte,)h(the)808 2253 y(least)20 b(signi\002cant)i(bit)f(r)o(epr)o
(esents)e(the)i(leftmost)g(pixel.)808 2352 y(As)h(an)h(example,)g
(Figur)o(e)g(8.4)f(illustrates)h(a)g(simple)g(bitmap)g(and)g(assembly)h
(language)e(decla-)808 2452 y(rations)f(for)f(the)h(X1)-5
b(1)21 b(r)o(epr)o(esentation)e(of)i(this)g(bitmap.)p
845 3239 4 665 v 928 3239 V 1011 3239 V 1094 3239 V 1177
3239 V 1260 3239 V 1343 3239 V 1426 3239 V 1510 3239
V 847 3241 665 4 v 847 3158 V 847 3075 V 847 2992 V 847
2909 V 847 2826 V 847 2743 V 847 2660 V 847 2577 V 847
2658 84 84 v 930 2741 V 1013 2824 V 1096 2907 V 1179
2990 V 1262 3073 V 1345 3156 V 1428 3239 V 1880 2965
a Fo(height:)98 b(.word)h(8)1880 3057 y(width:)143 b(.word)99
b(8)1880 3148 y(bits:)188 b(.byte)99 b(0x01,)44 b(0x02,)g(0x04,)g(0x08)
2293 3239 y(.byte)99 b(0x10,)44 b(0x20,)g(0x40,)g(0x80)1751
3505 y Fx(Figur)o(e)21 b(8.4)e(A)i(simple)g(bitmap)808
3704 y(Y)-8 b(ou)26 b(can)f(use)g(the)g(\223bitmap\224)f(pr)o(ogram)g
(under)h(X1)-5 b(1)25 b(to)h(cr)o(eate)d(bitmaps)i(and)g(save)f(their)h
(r)o(ep-)808 3804 y(r)o(esentation)d(in)h(a)f(\002le.)31
b(When)23 b(you)h(save)e(a)g(bitmap,)g(the)h(bitmap)g(pr)o(ogram)f
(generates)g(C)g(dec-)808 3903 y(larations)32 b(for)h(the)f(bitmap.)61
b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)e(easily)h(convert)g(these)f(declarations)g(into)i
(assembly)808 4003 y(language)20 b(declarations.)808
4103 y(W)-6 b(rite)20 b(a)g(pr)o(ogram)f(to)i(draw)f(a)g(bitmap)g(on)i
(the)e(gx)h(display)-9 b(.)25 b(The)20 b(gx)h(device)e(does)i(not)g(pr)
o(ovide)808 4202 y(a)j(simple)h(way)f(to)h(copy)g(bytes)f(fr)o(om)g
(standar)o(d)f(memory)i(to)g(the)g(device)e(memory)-9
b(.)38 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(will)808 4302 y(need)31 b(to)i(\223draw\224)d
(the)j(bitmap)f(into)h(the)f(display)g(memory)-9 b(,)35
b(using)e(GX)p 3218 4302 25 4 v 31 w(LINE)f(commands.)808
4402 y(Y)-8 b(our)25 b(pr)o(ogram)e(should)i(draw)f(the)g(bitmap)g
(with)h(its)g(upper)e(left)h(corner)g(at)g(position)i(\(0,0\))c(of)808
4501 y(the)30 b(display)-9 b(.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)31 b(can)f(test)g(your)h
(pr)o(ogram)f(with)h(the)f(bitmap)g(shown)i(in)f(Figur)o(e)f(8.4,)h
(but)808 4601 y(make)f(sur)o(e)g(you)i(can)e(also)h(display)g(bitmaps)g
(with)g(widths)h(that)e(ar)o(e)g(not)h(a)g(multiple)g(of)g(8.)808
4701 y(Figur)o(e)20 b(8.5)f(gives)i(you)h(another)f(bitmap)f(to)h
(display)-9 b(.)p eop
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57 58 bop 0 100 a Fx(Lab)20 b(8.)41 b(The)20 b(ISEM)g(Graphics)h
(Accelerator)1797 b(57)116 2369 y Fo(width:)143 b(.word)99
b(31)116 2460 y(height:)f(.word)h(13)116 2552 y(bits:)188
b(.byte)99 b(0x00,)44 b(0x00,)g(0x00,)g(0x00,)g(0x7e,)g(0xbf,)g(0xdf,)g
(0x18,)g(0x7e)529 2643 y(.byte)99 b(0xbf,)44 b(0xdf,)g(0x1d,)g(0x18,)g
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%%Page: 90 92
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%%Page: 104 106
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%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF