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  <div class="section" id="module-objects">
<span id="moduleobjects"></span><h1>Module Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#module-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">There are only a few functions special to module objects.</p>
<dl class="var">
<dt id="PyModule_Type">
<a class="reference internal" href="type.html#PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject">PyTypeObject</a> <tt class="descname">PyModule_Type</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_Type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-1">This instance of <a class="reference internal" href="type.html#PyTypeObject" title="PyTypeObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyTypeObject</span></tt></a> represents the Python module type.  This
is exposed to Python programs as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">types.ModuleType</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_Check">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_Check</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_Check" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if <em>p</em> is a module object, or a subtype of a module object.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_CheckExact">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_CheckExact</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_CheckExact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return true if <em>p</em> is a module object, but not a subtype of
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_Type" title="PyModule_Type"><tt class="xref c c-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_Type</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_New">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_New</tt><big>(</big>const char<em>&nbsp;*name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_New" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p id="index-2">Return a new module object with the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt> attribute set to <em>name</em>.
Only the module&#8217;s <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__doc__</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt> attributes are filled in;
the caller is responsible for providing a <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__file__</span></tt> attribute.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetDict">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetDict</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetDict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: Borrowed reference.</em><p id="index-3">Return the dictionary object that implements <em>module</em>&#8216;s namespace; this object
is the same as the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__dict__</span></tt> attribute of the module object.  This
function never fails.  It is recommended extensions use other
<tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_*()</span></tt> and <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyObject_*()</span></tt> functions rather than directly
manipulate a module&#8217;s <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__dict__</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetName">
char* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetName</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetName" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-4">Return <em>module</em>&#8216;s <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt> value.  If the module does not provide one,
or if it is not a string, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></tt></a> is raised and <em>NULL</em> is returned.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetFilename">
char* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetFilename</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetFilename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_GetFilenameObject" title="PyModule_GetFilenameObject"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetFilenameObject()</span></tt></a> but return the filename
encoded to &#8216;utf-8&#8217;.</p>
<p class="deprecated">
<span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.2: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_GetFilename" title="PyModule_GetFilename"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetFilename()</span></tt></a> raises <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></tt> on
unencodable filenames, use <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_GetFilenameObject" title="PyModule_GetFilenameObject"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetFilenameObject()</span></tt></a> instead.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetFilenameObject">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetFilenameObject</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetFilenameObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-5">Return the name of the file from which <em>module</em> was loaded using <em>module</em>&#8216;s
<tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__file__</span></tt> attribute.  If this is not defined, or if it is not a
unicode string, raise <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#SystemError" title="SystemError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">SystemError</span></tt></a> and return <em>NULL</em>; otherwise return
a reference to a <a class="reference internal" href="unicode.html#PyUnicodeObject" title="PyUnicodeObject"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyUnicodeObject</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p class="versionadded">
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetState">
void* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetState</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetState" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the &#8220;state&#8221; of the module, that is, a pointer to the block of memory
allocated at module creation time, or <em>NULL</em>.  See
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyModuleDef.m_size" title="PyModuleDef.m_size"><tt class="xref c c-member docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModuleDef.m_size</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_GetDef">
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyModuleDef" title="PyModuleDef">PyModuleDef</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_GetDef</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_GetDef" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a pointer to the <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModuleDef" title="PyModuleDef"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModuleDef</span></tt></a> struct from which the module was
created, or <em>NULL</em> if the module wasn&#8217;t created with
<a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_Create" title="PyModule_Create"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_Create()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="section" id="initializing-c-modules">
<h2>Initializing C modules<a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-c-modules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>These functions are usually used in the module initialization function.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_Create">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_Create</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#PyModuleDef" title="PyModuleDef">PyModuleDef</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_Create" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new module object, given the definition in <em>module</em>.  This behaves
like <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_Create2" title="PyModule_Create2"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_Create2()</span></tt></a> with <em>module_api_version</em> set to
<tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">PYTHON_API_VERSION</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_Create2">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyModule_Create2</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="#PyModuleDef" title="PyModuleDef">PyModuleDef</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, int<em>&nbsp;module_api_version</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_Create2" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a new module object, given the definition in <em>module</em>, assuming the
API version <em>module_api_version</em>.  If that version does not match the version
of the running interpreter, a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#RuntimeWarning" title="RuntimeWarning"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">RuntimeWarning</span></tt></a> is emitted.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Most uses of this function should be using <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_Create" title="PyModule_Create"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_Create()</span></tt></a>
instead; only use this if you are sure you need it.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="type">
<dt id="PyModuleDef">
<tt class="descname">PyModuleDef</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This struct holds all information that is needed to create a module object.
There is usually only one static variable of that type for each module, which
is statically initialized and then passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_Create" title="PyModule_Create"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_Create()</span></tt></a> in the
module initialization function.</p>
<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_base">
PyModuleDef_Base <tt class="descname">m_base</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_base" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Always initialize this member to <tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_name">
char* <tt class="descname">m_name</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Name for the new module.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_doc">
char* <tt class="descname">m_doc</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_doc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Docstring for the module; usually a docstring variable created with
<tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyDoc_STRVAR()</span></tt> is used.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_size">
Py_ssize_t <tt class="descname">m_size</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If the module object needs additional memory, this should be set to the
number of bytes to allocate; a pointer to the block of memory can be
retrieved with <a class="reference internal" href="#PyModule_GetState" title="PyModule_GetState"><tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_GetState()</span></tt></a>.  If no memory is needed, set
this to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt>.</p>
<p>This memory should be used, rather than static globals, to hold per-module
state, since it is then safe for use in multiple sub-interpreters.  It is
freed when the module object is deallocated, after the <tt class="xref c c-member docutils literal"><span class="pre">m_free</span></tt>
function has been called, if present.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_methods">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyMethodDef" title="PyMethodDef">PyMethodDef</a>* <tt class="descname">m_methods</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_methods" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A pointer to a table of module-level functions, described by
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyMethodDef" title="PyMethodDef"><tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyMethodDef</span></tt></a> values.  Can be <em>NULL</em> if no functions are present.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_reload">
<a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#inquiry" title="inquiry">inquiry</a> <tt class="descname">m_reload</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_reload" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Currently unused, should be <em>NULL</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_traverse">
<a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#traverseproc" title="traverseproc">traverseproc</a> <tt class="descname">m_traverse</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_traverse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A traversal function to call during GC traversal of the module object, or
<em>NULL</em> if not needed.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_clear">
<a class="reference internal" href="gcsupport.html#inquiry" title="inquiry">inquiry</a> <tt class="descname">m_clear</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_clear" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A clear function to call during GC clearing of the module object, or
<em>NULL</em> if not needed.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="member">
<dt id="PyModuleDef.m_free">
freefunc <tt class="descname">m_free</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModuleDef.m_free" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A function to call during deallocation of the module object, or <em>NULL</em> if
not needed.</p>
</dd></dl>

</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_AddObject">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_AddObject</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, const char<em>&nbsp;*name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_AddObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add an object to <em>module</em> as <em>name</em>.  This is a convenience function which can
be used from the module&#8217;s initialization function.  This steals a reference to
<em>value</em>.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on error, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_AddIntConstant">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_AddIntConstant</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, const char<em>&nbsp;*name</em>, long<em>&nbsp;value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_AddIntConstant" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add an integer constant to <em>module</em> as <em>name</em>.  This convenience function can be
used from the module&#8217;s initialization function. Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on error, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on
success.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_AddStringConstant">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_AddStringConstant</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, const char<em>&nbsp;*name</em>, const char<em>&nbsp;*value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_AddStringConstant" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a string constant to <em>module</em> as <em>name</em>.  This convenience function can be
used from the module&#8217;s initialization function.  The string <em>value</em> must be
null-terminated.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on error, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_AddIntMacro">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_AddIntMacro</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, macro<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_AddIntMacro" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add an int constant to <em>module</em>. The name and the value are taken from
<em>macro</em>. For example <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PyModule_AddIntMacro(module,</span> <span class="pre">AF_INET)</span></tt> adds the int
constant <em>AF_INET</em> with the value of <em>AF_INET</em> to <em>module</em>.
Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on error, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyModule_AddStringMacro">
int <tt class="descname">PyModule_AddStringMacro</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*module</em>, macro<big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyModule_AddStringMacro" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a string constant to <em>module</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Module Objects</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-c-modules">Initializing C modules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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