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Differences to the LaTeX markup — Python v3.2.2 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '3.2.2', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python v3.2.2 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python v3.2.2 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="Documenting Python" href="index.html" /> <link rel="next" title="6. Building the documentation" href="building.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="4. Additional Markup Constructs" href="markup.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="building.html" title="6. Building the documentation" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="markup.html" title="4. 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This section lists these differences, in order to give those familiar with the old format a quick overview of what they might run into.</p> <div class="section" id="inline-markup"> <h2>5.1. Inline markup<a class="headerlink" href="#inline-markup" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>These changes have been made to inline markup:</p> <ul> <li><p class="first"><strong>Cross-reference roles</strong></p> <p>Most of the following semantic roles existed previously as inline commands, but didn’t do anything except formatting the content as code. Now, they cross-reference to known targets (some names have also been shortened):</p> <div class="line-block"> <div class="line"><em>mod</em> (previously <em>refmodule</em> or <em>module</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>func</em> (previously <em>function</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>data</em> (new)</div> <div class="line"><em>const</em></div> <div class="line"><em>class</em></div> <div class="line"><em>meth</em> (previously <em>method</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>attr</em> (previously <em>member</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>exc</em> (previously <em>exception</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>cdata</em></div> <div class="line"><em>cfunc</em> (previously <em>cfunction</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>cmacro</em> (previously <em>csimplemacro</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>ctype</em></div> </div> <p>Also different is the handling of <em>func</em> and <em>meth</em>: while previously parentheses were added to the callable name (like <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\func{str()}</span></tt>), they are now appended by the build system – appending them in the source will result in double parentheses. This also means that <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:func:`str(object)`</span></tt> will not work as expected – use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">``str(object)``</span></tt> instead!</p> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Inline commands implemented as directives</strong></p> <p>These were inline commands in LaTeX, but are now directives in reST:</p> <div class="line-block"> <div class="line"><em>deprecated</em></div> <div class="line"><em>versionadded</em></div> <div class="line"><em>versionchanged</em></div> </div> <p>These are used like so:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">deprecated</span><span class="p">::</span> 2.5 Reason of deprecation. </pre></div> </div> <p>Also, no period is appended to the text for <em>versionadded</em> and <em>versionchanged</em>.</p> <div class="line-block"> <div class="line"><em>note</em></div> <div class="line"><em>warning</em></div> </div> <p>These are used like so:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">note</span><span class="p">::</span> Content of note. </pre></div> </div> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Otherwise changed commands</strong></p> <p>The <em>samp</em> command previously formatted code and added quotation marks around it. The <em>samp</em> role, however, features a new highlighting system just like <em>file</em> does:</p> <blockquote> <div><p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:samp:`open({filename},</span> <span class="pre">{mode})`</span></tt> results in <tt class="samp docutils literal"><span class="pre">open(</span><em><span class="pre">filename</span></em><span class="pre">,</span> <em><span class="pre">mode</span></em><span class="pre">)</span></tt></p> </div></blockquote> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Dropped commands</strong></p> <p>These were commands in LaTeX, but are not available as roles:</p> <div class="line-block"> <div class="line"><em>bfcode</em></div> <div class="line"><em>character</em> (use <tt class="samp docutils literal"><span class="pre">``'c'``</span></tt>)</div> <div class="line"><em>citetitle</em> (use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">`Title</span> <span class="pre"><URL>`_</span></tt>)</div> <div class="line"><em>code</em> (use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">``code``</span></tt>)</div> <div class="line"><em>email</em> (just write the address in body text)</div> <div class="line"><em>filenq</em></div> <div class="line"><em>filevar</em> (use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">{...}</span></tt> highlighting feature of <em>file</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>programopt</em>, <em>longprogramopt</em> (use <em>option</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>ulink</em> (use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">`Title</span> <span class="pre"><URL>`_</span></tt>)</div> <div class="line"><em>url</em> (just write the URL in body text)</div> <div class="line"><em>var</em> (use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">*var*</span></tt>)</div> <div class="line"><em>infinity</em>, <em>plusminus</em> (use the Unicode character)</div> <div class="line"><em>shortversion</em>, <em>version</em> (use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|version|</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|release|</span></tt> substitutions)</div> <div class="line"><em>emph</em>, <em>strong</em> (use the reST markup)</div> </div> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Backslash escaping</strong></p> <p>In reST, a backslash must be escaped in normal text, and in the content of roles. However, in code literals and literal blocks, it must not be escaped. Example: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:file:`C:\\Temp\\my.tmp`</span></tt> vs. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">``open("C:\Temp\my.tmp")``</span></tt>.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="information-units"> <h2>5.2. Information units<a class="headerlink" href="#information-units" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Information units (<em>...desc</em> environments) have been made reST directives. These changes to information units should be noted:</p> <ul> <li><p class="first"><strong>New names</strong></p> <p>“desc” has been removed from every name. Additionally, these directives have new names:</p> <div class="line-block"> <div class="line"><em>cfunction</em> (previously <em>cfuncdesc</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>cmacro</em> (previously <em>csimplemacrodesc</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>exception</em> (previously <em>excdesc</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>function</em> (previously <em>funcdesc</em>)</div> <div class="line"><em>attribute</em> (previously <em>memberdesc</em>)</div> </div> <p>The <em>classdesc*</em> and <em>excclassdesc</em> environments have been dropped, the <em>class</em> and <em>exception</em> directives support classes documented with and without constructor arguments.</p> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Multiple objects</strong></p> <p>The equivalent of the <em>...line</em> commands is:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">function</span><span class="p">::</span> do_foo(bar) do_bar(baz) Description of the functions. </pre></div> </div> <p>IOW, just give one signatures per line, at the same indentation level.</p> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <p>There is no <em>optional</em> command. Just give function signatures like they should appear in the output:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">function</span><span class="p">::</span> open(filename[, mode[, buffering]]) Description. </pre></div> </div> <p>Note: markup in the signature is not supported.</p> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>Indexing</strong></p> <p>The <em>...descni</em> environments have been dropped. To mark an information unit as unsuitable for index entry generation, use the <em>noindex</em> option like so:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">function</span><span class="p">::</span> foo_* <span class="nc">:noindex:</span> Description. </pre></div> </div> </li> <li><p class="first"><strong>New information units</strong></p> <p>There are new generic information units: One is called “describe” and can be used to document things that are not covered by the other units:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">describe</span><span class="p">::</span> a == b The equals operator. </pre></div> </div> <p>The others are:</p> <div class="highlight-rest"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">cmdoption</span><span class="p">::</span> -O Describes a command-line option. <span class="p">..</span> <span class="ow">envvar</span><span class="p">::</span> PYTHONINSPECT Describes an environment variable. </pre></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="section" id="structure"> <h2>5.3. Structure<a class="headerlink" href="#structure" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The LaTeX docs were split in several toplevel manuals. Now, all files are part of the same documentation tree, as indicated by the <em>toctree</em> directives in the sources (though individual output formats may choose to split them up into parts again). Every <em>toctree</em> directive embeds other files as subdocuments of the current file (this structure is not necessarily mirrored in the filesystem layout). The toplevel file is <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">contents.rst</span></tt>.</p> <p>However, most of the old directory structure has been kept, with the directories renamed as follows:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">api</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">c-api</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">dist</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">distutils</span></tt>, with the single TeX file split up</li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">doc</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">documenting</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">ext</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">extending</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">inst</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">installing</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">library</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">mac</span></tt> -> merged into <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">library</span></tt>, with <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">mac/using.tex</span></tt> moved to <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">using/mac.rst</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">ref</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt></li> <li><tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">tut</span></tt> -> <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">tutorial</span></tt>, with the single TeX file split up</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">5. Differences to the LaTeX markup</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#inline-markup">5.1. Inline markup</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#information-units">5.2. Information units</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#structure">5.3. Structure</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="markup.html" title="previous chapter">4. Additional Markup Constructs</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="building.html" title="next chapter">6. 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