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<div class="section" id="module-email.errors">
<span id="email-exception-and-defect-classes"></span><h1>18.1.8. <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a>: Exception and Defect classes<a class="headerlink" href="#module-email.errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The following exception classes are defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-email.errors" title="email.errors: The exception classes used by the email package."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.errors</span></tt></a> module:</p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="email.errors.MessageError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">email.errors.</tt><tt class="descname">MessageError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is the base class for all exceptions that the <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a> package can
raise. It is derived from the standard <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#Exception" title="Exception"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt></a> class and defines no
additional methods.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="email.errors.MessageParseError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">email.errors.</tt><tt class="descname">MessageParseError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MessageParseError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This is the base class for exceptions raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="email.parser.html#email.parser.Parser" title="email.parser.Parser"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser</span></tt></a>
class. It is derived from <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="email.errors.MessageError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">MessageError</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="email.errors.HeaderParseError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">email.errors.</tt><tt class="descname">HeaderParseError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.HeaderParseError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raised under some error conditions when parsing the <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> headers of a
message, this class is derived from <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageParseError" title="email.errors.MessageParseError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">MessageParseError</span></tt></a>. It can be raised
from the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser.parse()</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser.parsestr()</span></tt> methods.</p>
<p>Situations where it can be raised include finding an envelope header after the
first <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> header of the message, finding a continuation line before the
first <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> header is found, or finding a line in the headers which is
neither a header or a continuation line.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="email.errors.BoundaryError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">email.errors.</tt><tt class="descname">BoundaryError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.BoundaryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raised under some error conditions when parsing the <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> headers of a
message, this class is derived from <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageParseError" title="email.errors.MessageParseError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">MessageParseError</span></tt></a>. It can be raised
from the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser.parse()</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Parser.parsestr()</span></tt> methods.</p>
<p>Situations where it can be raised include not being able to find the starting or
terminating boundary in a <em class="mimetype">multipart/*</em> message when strict parsing
is used.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="email.errors.MultipartConversionError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">email.errors.</tt><tt class="descname">MultipartConversionError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#email.errors.MultipartConversionError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Raised when a payload is added to a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt> object using
<tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">add_payload()</span></tt>, but the payload is already a scalar and the message’s
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> main type is not either <em class="mimetype">multipart</em> or
missing. <a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MultipartConversionError" title="email.errors.MultipartConversionError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultipartConversionError</span></tt></a> multiply inherits from
<a class="reference internal" href="#email.errors.MessageError" title="email.errors.MessageError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">MessageError</span></tt></a> and the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a>.</p>
<p>Since <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message.add_payload()</span></tt> is deprecated, this exception is rarely raised
in practice. However the exception may also be raised if the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">attach()</span></tt>
method is called on an instance of a class derived from
<a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html#email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart" title="email.mime.nonmultipart.MIMENonMultipart"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">MIMENonMultipart</span></tt></a> (e.g.
<a class="reference internal" href="email.mime.html#email.mime.image.MIMEImage" title="email.mime.image.MIMEImage"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">MIMEImage</span></tt></a>).</p>
</dd></dl>
<p>Here’s the list of the defects that the <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">FeedParser</span></tt>
can find while parsing messages. Note that the defects are added to the message
where the problem was found, so for example, if a message nested inside a
<em class="mimetype">multipart/alternative</em> had a malformed header, that nested message
object would have a defect, but the containing messages would not.</p>
<p>All defect classes are subclassed from <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">email.errors.MessageDefect</span></tt>, but
this class is <em>not</em> an exception!</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">NoBoundaryInMultipartDefect</span></tt> – A message claimed to be a multipart,
but had no <em class="mimetype">boundary</em> parameter.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect</span></tt> – The start boundary claimed in the
<em class="mailheader">Content-Type</em> header was never found.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">FirstHeaderLineIsContinuationDefect</span></tt> – The message had a continuation
line as its first header line.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">MisplacedEnvelopeHeaderDefect</span></tt> - A “Unix From” header was found in the
middle of a header block.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">MalformedHeaderDefect</span></tt> – A header was found that was missing a colon,
or was otherwise malformed.</li>
<li><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">MultipartInvariantViolationDefect</span></tt> – A message claimed to be a
<em class="mimetype">multipart</em>, but no subparts were found. Note that when a message has
this defect, its <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_multipart()</span></tt> method may return false even though its
content type claims to be <em class="mimetype">multipart</em>.</li>
</ul>
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