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  <div class="section" id="file-and-directory-access">
<span id="filesys"></span><h1>10. File and Directory Access<a class="headerlink" href="#file-and-directory-access" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter deal with disk files and directories.  For
example, there are modules for reading the properties of files, manipulating
paths in a portable way, and creating temporary files.  The full list of modules
in this chapter is:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fileinput.html">10.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileinput</span></tt> &#8212; Iterate over lines from multiple input streams</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="filecmp.html">10.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filecmp</span></tt> &#8212; File and Directory Comparisons</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="filecmp.html#the-dircmp-class">10.4.1. The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dircmp</span></tt> class</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="shutil.html">10.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">shutil</span></tt> &#8212; High-level file operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shutil.html#directory-and-files-operations">10.9.1. Directory and files operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="shutil.html#copytree-example">10.9.1.1. copytree example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="shutil.html#archiving-operations">10.9.2. Archiving operations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="shutil.html#archiving-example">10.9.2.1. Archiving example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="macpath.html">10.10. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">macpath</span></tt> &#8212; Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions</a></li>
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<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">os</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Operating system interfaces, including functions to work with files at a
lower level than Python <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file objects</em></a>.</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#module-io" title="io: Core tools for working with streams."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">io</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Python&#8217;s built-in I/O library, including both abstract classes and
some concrete classes such as file I/O.</dd>
<dt>Built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">open()</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>The standard way to open files for reading and writing with Python.</dd>
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