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<div class="section" id="module-http.cookies">
<span id="http-cookies-http-state-management"></span><h1>20.21. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></tt></a> — HTTP state management<a class="headerlink" href="#module-http.cookies" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/3.2/Lib/http/cookies.py">Lib/http/cookies.py</a></p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></tt></a> module defines classes for abstracting the concept of
cookies, an HTTP state management mechanism. It supports both simple string-only
cookies, and provides an abstraction for having any serializable data-type as
cookie value.</p>
<p>The module formerly strictly applied the parsing rules described in the
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2068.html"><strong>RFC 2068</strong></a> specifications. It has since been discovered that
MSIE 3.0x doesn’t follow the character rules outlined in those specs. As a
result, the parsing rules used are a bit less strict.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">On encountering an invalid cookie, <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></tt></a> is raised, so if your
cookie data comes from a browser you should always prepare for invalid data
and catch <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="http.cookies.CookieError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">CookieError</span></tt></a> on parsing.</p>
</div>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="http.cookies.CookieError">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">http.cookies.</tt><tt class="descname">CookieError</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.CookieError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Exception failing because of <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> invalidity: incorrect attributes,
incorrect <em class="mailheader">Set-Cookie</em> header, etc.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">http.cookies.</tt><tt class="descname">BaseCookie</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class is a dictionary-like object whose keys are strings and whose values
are <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></tt></a> instances. Note that upon setting a key to a value, the
value is first converted to a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></tt></a> containing the key and the value.</p>
<p>If <em>input</em> is given, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">load()</span></tt></a> method.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="http.cookies.SimpleCookie">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">http.cookies.</tt><tt class="descname">SimpleCookie</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>input</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.SimpleCookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This class derives from <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></tt></a> and overrides <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></tt>
and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></tt> to be the identity and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#str" title="str"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">str()</span></tt></a> respectively.</p>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookiejar</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>HTTP cookie handling for web <em>clients</em>. The <a class="reference internal" href="http.cookiejar.html#module-http.cookiejar" title="http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookiejar</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></tt></a> modules do not depend on each other.</dd>
<dt><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> - HTTP State Management Mechanism</dt>
<dd>This is the state management specification implemented by this module.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cookie-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>20.21.1. Cookie Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode">
<tt class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</tt><tt class="descname">value_decode</tt><big>(</big><em>val</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a decoded value from a string representation. Return value can be any
type. This method does nothing in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></tt></a> — it exists so it can be
overridden.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode">
<tt class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</tt><tt class="descname">value_encode</tt><big>(</big><em>val</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an encoded value. <em>val</em> can be any type, but return value must be a
string. This method does nothing in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">BaseCookie</span></tt></a> — it exists so it can
be overridden</p>
<p>In general, it should be the case that <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_encode"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">value_encode()</span></tt></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.value_decode"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">value_decode()</span></tt></a> are inverses on the range of <em>value_decode</em>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output">
<tt class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</tt><tt class="descname">output</tt><big>(</big><em>attrs=None</em>, <em>header='Set-Cookie:'</em>, <em>sep='\r\n'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a string representation suitable to be sent as HTTP headers. <em>attrs</em> and
<em>header</em> are sent to each <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></tt></a>‘s <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">output()</span></tt></a> method. <em>sep</em> is used
to join the headers together, and is by default the combination <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\r\n'</span></tt>
(CRLF).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output">
<tt class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</tt><tt class="descname">js_output</tt><big>(</big><em>attrs=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP headers was sent.</p>
<p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.output" title="http.cookies.BaseCookie.output"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">output()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.BaseCookie.load">
<tt class="descclassname">BaseCookie.</tt><tt class="descname">load</tt><big>(</big><em>rawdata</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.BaseCookie.load" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>If <em>rawdata</em> is a string, parse it as an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HTTP_COOKIE</span></tt> and add the values
found there as <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></tt></a>s. If it is a dictionary, it is equivalent to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">rawdata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">items</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">cookie</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">v</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="morsel-objects">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>20.21.2. Morsel Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#morsel-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">http.cookies.</tt><tt class="descname">Morsel</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Abstract a key/value pair, which has some <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes.</p>
<p>Morsels are dictionary-like objects, whose set of keys is constant — the valid
<span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2109.html"><strong>RFC 2109</strong></a> attributes, which are</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">expires</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">path</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">comment</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">domain</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max-age</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">secure</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">version</span></tt></li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">httponly</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>The attribute <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">httponly</span></tt> specifies that the cookie is only transferred
in HTTP requests, and is not accessible through JavaScript. This is intended
to mitigate some forms of cross-site scripting.</p>
<p>The keys are case-insensitive.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.value">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The value of the cookie.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">coded_value</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The encoded value of the cookie — this is what should be sent.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.key">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">key</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.key" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the cookie.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.set">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">set</tt><big>(</big><em>key</em>, <em>value</em>, <em>coded_value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the <em>key</em>, <em>value</em> and <em>coded_value</em> attributes.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">isReservedKey</tt><big>(</big><em>K</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.isReservedKey" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Whether <em>K</em> is a member of the set of keys of a <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel" title="http.cookies.Morsel"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Morsel</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.output">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">output</tt><big>(</big><em>attrs=None</em>, <em>header='Set-Cookie:'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a string representation of the Morsel, suitable to be sent as an HTTP
header. By default, all the attributes are included, unless <em>attrs</em> is given, in
which case it should be a list of attributes to use. <em>header</em> is by default
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"Set-Cookie:"</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.js_output">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">js_output</tt><big>(</big><em>attrs=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.js_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return an embeddable JavaScript snippet, which, if run on a browser which
supports JavaScript, will act the same as if the HTTP header was sent.</p>
<p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">output()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString">
<tt class="descclassname">Morsel.</tt><tt class="descname">OutputString</tt><big>(</big><em>attrs=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.OutputString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a string representing the Morsel, without any surrounding HTTP or
JavaScript.</p>
<p>The meaning for <em>attrs</em> is the same as in <a class="reference internal" href="#http.cookies.Morsel.output" title="http.cookies.Morsel.output"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">output()</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="example">
<span id="cookie-example"></span><h2>20.21.3. Example<a class="headerlink" href="#example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>The following example demonstrates how to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-http.cookies" title="http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies)."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">http.cookies</span></tt></a> module.</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">http</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">cookies</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"fig"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"newton"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"sugar"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"wafer"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># generate HTTP headers</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="c"># same thing</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: fig=newton</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: sugar=wafer</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"rocky"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"road"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"rocky"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s">"path"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"/cookie"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"Cookie:"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road; Path=/cookie</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">attrs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[],</span> <span class="n">header</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"Cookie:"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="go">Cookie: rocky=road</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"chips=ahoy; vienna=finger"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># load from a string (HTTP header)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: chips=ahoy</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: vienna=finger</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'keebler="E=everybody; L=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">"Loves</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">"; fudge=</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s">012;";'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: keebler="E=everybody; L=\"Loves\"; fudge=\012;"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"oreo"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"doublestuff"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"oreo"</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s">"path"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"/"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: oreo=doublestuff; Path=/</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"twix"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"none for you"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"twix"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go">'none for you'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cookies</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleCookie</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"number"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span> <span class="c"># equivalent to C["number"] = str(7)</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"seven"</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"number"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go">'7'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s">"string"</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="go">'seven'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: number=7</span>
<span class="go">Set-Cookie: string=seven</span>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cookie-objects">20.21.1. Cookie Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#morsel-objects">20.21.2. Morsel Objects</a></li>
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distrib
>
Mandriva
>
2010.1
>
x86_64
>
media
>
contrib-backports
>
by-pkgid
>
3ba3bd1608c672ba2129b098a48e9e4d
>
files
>
706
