<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >The aRts Handbook</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.61 "><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Introduction" HREF="introduction.html"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="aRts"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="artsbuilder"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="synthesizer"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="multimedia"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="structure"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="music"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="sound"><META NAME="KEYWORD" CONTENT="KDE"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css"><LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="common/kde-common.css" TYPE="text/css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Language" CONTENT="en"><LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="common/kde-localised.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="KDE-English"><LINK REL="stylesheet" HREF="common/kde-default.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="KDE-Default"><META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="aRts, artsbuilder, synthesizer, multimedia, structure, music, sound, KDE"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="BOOK" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#AA0000" VLINK="#AA0055" ALINK="#AA0000" STYLE="font-family: sans-serif;" ><DIV CLASS="logoheader" ><A HREF="http://www.kde.org/" ><IMG SRC="common/logotp3.png" BORDER="0" ALT="The K Desktop Environment" HEIGHT="62" WIDTH="229"></A ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="BOOK" ><A NAME="AEN1" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" ><A NAME="AEN2" >The <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > Handbook</A ></H1 >Version <SPAN CLASS="RELEASEINFO" >1.0.8<BR></SPAN >Last updated: <SPAN CLASS="DATE" >04/01/2001<BR></SPAN ><H3 CLASS="AUTHOR" ><A NAME="AEN6" >Stefan Westerfeld</A ></H3 ><DIV CLASS="AFFILIATION" ><DIV CLASS="ADDRESS" ><P CLASS="ADDRESS" >stefan@space.twc.de</P ></DIV ></DIV ><H3 CLASS="AUTHOR" ><A NAME="AEN12" >Jeff Tranter</A ></H3 ><DIV CLASS="AFFILIATION" ><DIV CLASS="ADDRESS" ><P CLASS="ADDRESS" >tranter@kde.org</P ></DIV ></DIV ><P CLASS="COPYRIGHT" >Copyright © 1999-2001 by <SPAN CLASS="HOLDER" >Stefan Westerfeld & Jeff Tranter</SPAN ></P ><DIV CLASS="LEGALNOTICE" ><A NAME="AEN21" ></A ><P >Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in <A HREF="copyright-and-licenses.html#GNU-FDL" >the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License"</A >.</P ></DIV ><DIV ><DIV CLASS="ABSTRACT" ><A NAME="AEN26" ></A ><P >This handbook describes <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN >, the Analog Real-time Synthesizer.</P ></DIV ></DIV ><HR></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >1. <A HREF="introduction.html" >Introduction</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >1.1. <A HREF="introduction.html#WHAT-IS-ARTS" >What is <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN >?</A ></DT ><DT >1.2. <A HREF="using-this-manual.html" >Using This Manual</A ></DT ><DT >1.3. <A HREF="history.html" >History</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >2. <A HREF="arts-tools.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > Tools</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >2.1. <A HREF="arts-tools.html#KDE-CONTROL-CENTER" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" ><SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >KDE</SPAN > Control Center</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.2. <A HREF="artsd.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsd</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.3. <A HREF="artswrapper.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artswrapper</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.4. <A HREF="artsshell.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsshell</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.5. <A HREF="artsplay.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsplay</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.6. <A HREF="artsdsp.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsdsp</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.7. <A HREF="artscat.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artscat</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.8. <A HREF="artscontrol.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artscontrol</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.9. <A HREF="artsc-config.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsc-config</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >2.10. <A HREF="mcopidl.html" ><B CLASS="COMMAND" >mcopidl</B ></A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >3. <A HREF="artsbuilder.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts-builder</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >3.1. <A HREF="artsbuilder.html#OVERVIEW" >Overview</A ></DT ><DT >3.2. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html" >Tutorial</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >3.2.1. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-1" >Step 1</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.2. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-2" >Step 2</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.3. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-3" >Step 3</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.4. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-4" >Step 4</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.5. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-5-STARTING-TO-BEAM-DATA-AROUND" >Step 5: Starting to beam data around ;)</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.6. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-6-BEAMING-FOR-ADVANCED-USERS" >Step 6: Beaming for advanced users</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.7. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#STEP-7-MIDI-SYNTHESIS" >Step 7: Midi synthesis</A ></DT ><DT >3.2.8. <A HREF="artsbuilder-tutorial.html#SUGGESTIONS" >Suggestions</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >3.3. <A HREF="artsbuilder-examples.html" >Examples</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >4. <A HREF="arts-in-detail.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > in Detail</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >4.1. <A HREF="arts-in-detail.html#ARCHITECTURE" >Architecture</A ></DT ><DT >4.2. <A HREF="modules-ports.html" >Modules & Ports</A ></DT ><DT >4.3. <A HREF="structures.html" >Structures</A ></DT ><DT >4.4. <A HREF="busses.html" >Busses</A ></DT ><DT >4.5. <A HREF="detail-gui-elements.html" ><SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >GUI</SPAN > Elements</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >5. <A HREF="midi.html" ><SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >MIDI</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >5.1. <A HREF="midi.html#MIDI-OVERVIEW" >Overview</A ></DT ><DT >5.2. <A HREF="midi-manager.html" >The Midi Manager</A ></DT ><DT >5.3. <A HREF="brahms.html" >Using <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > & Brahms</A ></DT ><DT >5.4. <A HREF="midisend.html" >midisend</A ></DT ><DT >5.5. <A HREF="midi-creating-instruments.html" >Creating Instruments</A ></DT ><DT >5.6. <A HREF="mapped-instruments.html" >Mapped Instruments</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >6. <A HREF="mcop.html" >MCOP: Object Model and Streaming</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >6.1. <A HREF="mcop.html#MCOP-OVERVIEW" >Overview</A ></DT ><DT >6.2. <A HREF="interfaces.html" >Interfaces and <SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >IDL</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >6.3. <A HREF="attribute-change-notify.html" >Attribute change notifications</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >6.3.1. <A HREF="attribute-change-notify.html#SENDING-CHANGE-NOTIFICATIONS" >Sending change notifications</A ></DT ><DT >6.3.2. <A HREF="attribute-change-notify.html#CHANGE-NOTIFICATIONS-APPS" >Applications for change notifications</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DD ><DT >7. <A HREF="arts-apis.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > Application Programming Interfaces</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.1. <A HREF="arts-apis.html#API-OVERVIEW" >Overview</A ></DT ><DT >7.2. <A HREF="knotify.html" >knotify</A ></DT ><DT >7.3. <A HREF="kaudioplayer.html" >kaudioplayer</A ></DT ><DT >7.4. <A HREF="libkmid.html" >libkmid</A ></DT ><DT >7.5. <A HREF="kmedia2.html" >kmedia2</A ></DT ><DT >7.6. <A HREF="soundserver.html" >sound server</A ></DT ><DT >7.7. <A HREF="artsflow.html" >artsflow</A ></DT ><DT >7.8. <A HREF="capi.html" >C <SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >API</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.8.1. <A HREF="capi.html#CAPIINTRO" >Introduction</A ></DT ><DT >7.8.2. <A HREF="capi.html#CAPIWALKTHRU" >Quick Walkthrough</A ></DT ><DT >7.8.3. <A HREF="capi.html#CAPIARTSCCONFIG" >Compiling and Linking: <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsc-config</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >7.8.4. <A HREF="capi.html#C-API-REFERENCE" >Library Reference</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DD ><DT >8. <A HREF="arts-modules.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > modules</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.1. <A HREF="arts-modules.html#MODULES-INTRODUCTION" >Introduction</A ></DT ><DT >8.2. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html" >Synthesis Modules Reference</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.2.1. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-ARITHMETIC-MIXING" >Arithmetic + Mixing</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.2. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-BUSSES" >Busses</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.3. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-DELAYS" >Delays</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.4. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-ENVELOPES" >Envelopes</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.5. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-EFFECTS" >Effects</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.6. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-FILTERS" >Filters</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.7. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-MIDI-SEQUENCING" >Midi + Sequencing</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.8. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-SAMPLES" >Samples</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.9. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-SOUNDIO" >Sound IO</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.10. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-TESTS" >Tests</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.11. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-OSC-MOD" >Oscillation & Modulation</A ></DT ><DT >8.2.12. <A HREF="synth-modules-reference.html#MCAT-SYNTH-WAVEFORMS" >Wave Forms</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >8.3. <A HREF="visual-modules-reference.html" >Visual Modules Reference</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >9. <A HREF="porting.html" >Porting Applications to <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >9.1. <A HREF="porting.html#USING-ARTSDSP" >Using <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >artsdsp</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT >9.2. <A HREF="adding-native-arts-support.html" >Adding Native <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > support</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >10. <A HREF="contributing.html" >Contributing to <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >10.1. <A HREF="contributing.html#HOW-TO-HELP" >How You Can Help</A ></DT ><DT >10.2. <A HREF="mailing-lists.html" >Mailing Lists</A ></DT ><DT >10.3. <A HREF="coding-standards.html" >Coding Standards</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >11. <A HREF="future-work.html" >Future Work</A ></DT ><DT >12. <A HREF="references.html" >References</A ></DT ><DT >13. <A HREF="faq.html" >Questions and answers</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >13.1. <A HREF="faq.html#FAQ-GENERAL" >General Questions</A ></DT ><DT >13.2. <A HREF="faq-non-arts.html" >Non-Arts Applications</A ></DT ><DT >13.3. <A HREF="faq-latency.html" >Latency</A ></DT ><DT >13.4. <A HREF="faq-network.html" >Network Transparency</A ></DT ><DT >13.5. <A HREF="faq-other.html" >Other Issues</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >14. <A HREF="copyright-and-licenses.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN > Copyright and Licensing</A ></DT ><DT >15. <A HREF="intro-digital-audio.html" >Introduction to Digital Audio</A ></DT ><DT >16. <A HREF="midi-introduction.html" >Introduction to <SPAN CLASS="ACRONYM" >MIDI</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="glossary.html" >Glossary</A ></DT ><DT >A. <A HREF="installation.html" >Installing <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >aRts</SPAN ></A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >A.1. <A HREF="installation.html#BINARY-INSTALL" >Installing a Precompiled Binary Release</A ></DT ><DT >A.2. <A HREF="source-install.html" >Building From Source</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" 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