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<H2><A NAME="SECTION000750000000000000000"> </A>
<BR>
6.5 Inline Markup
</H2>
<P>
The macros described in this section are used to mark just about
anything interesting in the document text. They may be used in
headings (though anything involving hyperlinks should be avoided
there) as well as in the body text.
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\bfcode</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Like <tt class='macro'>\code</tt>, but also makes the font bold-face.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\cdata</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a C-language variable.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\cfunction</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a C-language function. <var>name</var> should include the
function name and the trailing parentheses.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\character</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>char</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A character when discussing the character rather than a one-byte
string value. The character will be typeset as with <tt class='macro'>\samp</tt>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\citetitle</tt></b>
<tt>[</tt><var>url</var><tt>]</tt><tt>{</tt><var>title</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A title for a referenced publication. If <var>url</var> is specified,
the title will be made into a hyperlink when formatted as HTML.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\class</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A class name; a dotted name may be used.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\code</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A short code fragment or literal constant value. Typically, it
should not include any spaces since no quotation marks are
added.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\constant</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a ``defined'' constant. This may be a C-language
<code>#define</code> or a Python variable that is not intended to be
changed.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\ctype</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a C <tt class="keyword">typedef</tt> or structure. For structures
defined without a <tt class="keyword">typedef</tt>, use <code>\ctype{struct
struct_tag}</code> to make it clear that the <tt class="keyword">struct</tt> is
required.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\deprecated</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>version</var><tt>}</tt><tt>{</tt><var>what to do</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Declare whatever is being described as being deprecated starting
with release <var>version</var>. The text given as <var>what to do</var>
should recommend something to use instead.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\dfn</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>term</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Mark the defining instance of <var>term</var> in the text. (No index
entries are generated.)
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\e</tt></b>
<dd>
Produces a backslash. This is convenient in <tt class='macro'>\code</tt> and
similar macros, and is only defined there. To create a
backslash in ordinary text (such as the contents of the
<tt class='macro'>\file</tt> macro), use the standard <tt class='macro'>\textbackslash</tt> macro.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\email</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>address</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
An email address. Note that this is <i>not</i> hyperlinked in
any of the possible output formats. The domain name portion of
the address should be lower case.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\emph</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Emphasized text; this will be presented in an italic font.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\envvar</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
An environment variable. Index entries are generated.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\exception</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of an exception. A dotted name may be used.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\file</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>file or dir</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a file or directory. In the PDF and PostScript
outputs, single quotes and a font change are used to indicate
the file name, but no quotes are used in the HTML output.
<span class="warning"><b class="label">Warning:</b>
The <tt class='macro'>\file</tt> macro cannot be used in the
content of a section title due to processing limitations.</span>
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\filenq</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>file or dir</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Like <tt class='macro'>\file</tt>, but single quotes are never used. This can
be used in conjunction with tables if a column will only contain
file or directory names.
<span class="warning"><b class="label">Warning:</b>
The <tt class='macro'>\filenq</tt> macro cannot be used in the
content of a section title due to processing limitations.</span>
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\function</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a Python function; dotted names may be used.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\infinity</tt></b>
<dd>
The symbol for mathematical infinity: ∞. Some Web
browsers are not able to render the HTML representation of this
symbol properly, but support is growing.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\kbd</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>key sequence</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Mark a sequence of keystrokes. What form <var>key sequence</var>
takes may depend on platform- or application-specific
conventions. When there are no relevant conventions, the names
of modifier keys should be spelled out, to improve accessibility
for new users and non-native speakers. For example, an
<b class="program">xemacs</b> key sequence may be marked like
<code>\kbd{C-x C-f}</code>, but without reference to a specific
application or platform, the same sequence should be marked as
<code>\kbd{Control-x Control-f}</code>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\keyword</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a keyword in a programming language.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\mailheader</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of an <a class="rfc" name="rfcref-2325"
href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>-style mail header. This markup does
not imply that the header is being used in an email message, but
can be used to refer to any header of the same ``style.'' This
is also used for headers defined by the various MIME
specifications. The header name should be entered in the same
way it would normally be found in practice, with the
camel-casing conventions being preferred where there is more
than one common usage. The colon which follows the name of the
header should not be included.
For example: <code>\mailheader{Content-Type}</code>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\makevar</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a <b class="program">make</b> variable.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\manpage</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt><tt>{</tt><var>section</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A reference to a Unix manual page.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\member</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a data attribute of an object.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\method</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a method of an object. <var>name</var> should include the
method name and the trailing parentheses. A dotted name may be
used.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\mimetype</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a MIME type, or a component of a MIME type (the
major or minor portion, taken alone).
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\module</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a module; a dotted name may be used. This should
also be used for package names.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\newsgroup</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a Usenet newsgroup.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\note</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
An especially important bit of information about an API that a
user should be aware of when using whatever bit of API the
note pertains to. This should be the last thing in the
paragraph as the end of the note is not visually marked in
any way. The content of <var>text</var> should be written in
complete sentences and include all appropriate punctuation.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\pep</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>number</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A reference to a Python Enhancement Proposal. This generates
appropriate index entries. The text "<tt class="samp">PEP <var>number</var></tt>" is
generated; in the HTML output, this text is a hyperlink to an
online copy of the specified PEP.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\plusminus</tt></b>
<dd>
The symbol for indicating a value that may take a positive or
negative value of a specified magnitude, typically represented
by a plus sign placed over a minus sign. For example:
<code>\plusminus 3%</code>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\program</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of an executable program. This may differ from the
file name for the executable for some platforms. In particular,
the <span class="file">.exe</span> (or other) extension should be omitted for DOS
and Windows programs.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\programopt</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>option</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A command-line option to an executable program. Use this only
for ``shot'' options, and include the leading hyphen.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\longprogramopt</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>option</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A long command-line option to an executable program. This
should only be used for long option names which will be prefixed
by two hyphens; the hyphens should not be provided as part of
<var>option</var>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\refmodule</tt></b>
<tt>[</tt><var>key</var><tt>]</tt><tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Like <tt class='macro'>\module</tt>, but create a hyperlink to the documentation
for the named module. Note that the corresponding
<tt class='macro'>\declaremodule</tt> must be in the same document. If the
<tt class='macro'>\declaremodule</tt> defines a module key different from the
module name, it must also be provided as <var>key</var> to the
<tt class='macro'>\refmodule</tt> macro.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\regexp</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>string</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Mark a regular expression.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\rfc</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>number</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A reference to an Internet Request for Comments. This generates
appropriate index entries. The text "<tt class="samp">RFC <var>number</var></tt>" is
generated; in the HTML output, this text is a hyperlink to an
online copy of the specified RFC.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\samp</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A short code sample, but possibly longer than would be given
using <tt class='macro'>\code</tt>. Since quotation marks are added, spaces are
acceptable.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\shortversion</tt></b>
<dd>
The ``short'' version number of the documented software, as
specified using the <tt class='macro'>\setshortversion</tt> macro in the
preamble. For Python, the short version number for a release is
the first three characters of the <code>sys.version</code> value. For
example, versions 2.0b1 and 2.0.1 both have a short version of
2.0. This may not apply for all packages; if
<tt class='macro'>\setshortversion</tt> is not used, this produces an empty
expansion. See also the <tt class='macro'>\version</tt> macro.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\strong</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
Strongly emphasized text; this will be presented using a bold
font.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\ulink</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt><tt>{</tt><var>url</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A hypertext link with a target specified by a URL, but for which
the link text should not be the title of the resource. For
resources being referenced by name, use the <tt class='macro'>\citetitle</tt>
macro. Not all formatted versions support arbitrary hypertext
links. Note that many characters are special to <SPAN CLASS="logo,LaTeX">L<SUP><SMALL>A</SMALL></SUP>T<SMALL>E</SMALL>X</SPAN> and
this macro does not always do the right thing. In particular,
the tilde character ("<tt class="character">~</tt>") is mis-handled; encoding it
as a hex-sequence does work, use "<tt class="samp">%7e</tt>" in place of the
tilde character.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\url</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>url</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
A URL (or URN). The URL will be presented as text. In the HTML
and PDF formatted versions, the URL will also be a hyperlink.
This can be used when referring to external resources without
specific titles; references to resources which have titles
should be marked using the <tt class='macro'>\citetitle</tt> macro. See the
comments about special characters in the description of the
<tt class='macro'>\ulink</tt> macro for special considerations.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\var</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>name</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The name of a variable or formal parameter in running text.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\version</tt></b>
<dd>
The version number of the described software, as specified using
<tt class='macro'>\release</tt> in the preamble. See also the
<tt class='macro'>\shortversion</tt> macro.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\versionadded</tt></b>
<tt>[</tt><var>explanation</var><tt>]</tt><tt>{</tt><var>version</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The version of Python which added the described feature to the
library or C API. <var>explanation</var> should be a <i>brief</i>
explanation of the change consisting of a capitalized sentence
fragment; a period will be appended by the formatting process.
This is typically added to the end of the first paragraph of the
description before any availability notes. The location should
be selected so the explanation makes sense and may vary as
needed.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\versionchanged</tt></b>
<tt>[</tt><var>explanation</var><tt>]</tt><tt>{</tt><var>version</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
The version of Python in which the named feature was changed in
some way (new parameters, changed side effects, etc.).
<var>explanation</var> should be a <i>brief</i> explanation of the
change consisting of a capitalized sentence fragment; a
period will be appended by the formatting process.
This is typically added to the end of the first paragraph of the
description before any availability notes and after
<tt class='macro'>\versionadded</tt>. The location should be selected so the
explanation makes sense and may vary as needed.
</dl>
<P>
<dl class='macrodesc'>
<dt><b><tt class='macro'>\warning</tt></b>
<tt>{</tt><var>text</var><tt>}</tt>
<dd>
An important bit of information about an API that a user should
be very aware of when using whatever bit of API the warning
pertains to. This should be the last thing in the paragraph as
the end of the warning is not visually marked in any way. The
content of <var>text</var> should be written in complete sentences
and include all appropriate punctuation. This differs from
<tt class='macro'>\note</tt> in that it is recommended over <tt class='macro'>\note</tt> for
information regarding security.
</dl>
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