<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.1-Based Variant V1.0//EN"
"dtd/kdex.dtd" [
<!ENTITY kappname "&kspread;"><!-- replace kapp here -->
<!ENTITY package "koffice"><!-- kdebase, kdeadmin, etc -->
<!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
<!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE"><!-- change language only here -->
]>
<book lang="&language;">
<bookinfo>
<title>The &kspread; Handbook</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<firstname>Pamela</firstname>
<surname>Roberts</surname>
<affiliation>
<address><email>pamroberts@blueyonder.co.uk</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
</authorgroup>
<!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS -->
<copyright>
<year>2002</year>
<holder>Pamela Roberts</holder>
</copyright>
<!-- Translators: put here the copyright notice of the translation -->
<legalnotice>&FDLNotice;</legalnotice>
<date>2002-07-20</date>
<releaseinfo>1.02.00</releaseinfo>
<abstract>
<para>
&kspread; is a full featured spreadsheet program.
</para>
</abstract>
<keywordset>
<keyword>KDE</keyword>
<keyword>Koffice</keyword>
<keyword>KSpread</keyword>
<keyword>Spreadsheet</keyword>
</keywordset>
</bookinfo>
<chapter id="introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>This handbook is dedicated to the memory of <ulink
url="http://www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm">Visicalc.</ulink></para>
<para>
&kspread; is a full featured spreadsheet program. It is part of the &koffice;
productivity suite for the K Desktop Environment &kde;.</para>
<para>Other &koffice; applications include &kword;, (word processing),
&kpresenter; (slide presentation creator), &kchart; (for producing charts and
graphs) and &kontour; (a drawing program).</para>
<para>You might care to visit <ulink url="http://www.kde.org">
http://www.kde.org</ulink> for more information about &kde; in general, or the
&koffice; web site at <ulink url="http://www.koffice.org">
http://www.koffice.org</ulink></para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="basics">
<title>&kspread; Basics</title>
<note><para>Like the rest of KDE, &kspread; is highly configurable, which can
cause problems for readers trying to compare the text in a document such as
this with what they see on the version of &kspread; running on their desktop.
To cut down on some of the possibilities for confusion, it it suggested that
when you first start to use &kspread; you set the default options in all pages
of the &kspread; configuration dialog (obtained by selecting
<menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure
Kspread...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>) except for <guilabel>Completion mode
</guilabel> in the <guisubmenu>Misc</guisubmenu> page, which shoud be set to
<guimenuitem>None</guimenuitem>.
</para>
<para>You may also find it helpful to enable Tooltips in the K menu
<menuchoice><guimenu>Preferences</guimenu><guisubmenu>Look &
Feel</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Widget Settings</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
dialog box. </para></note>
<sect1 id="starting">
<title>Spreadsheets for Beginners</title>
<para>This section attempts to explain by example what a spreadsheet program
such as &kspread; actually does, and why it is such a useful tool in any
situation where you have to deal with numbers. If you have already used a
spreadsheet program you may wish to skip to the next section.</para>
<para>The first thing to do is to start up &kspread;. You can do this by
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> clicking on a &kspread; icon if there is one
on your desktop or panel, or you can select
<menuchoice><guimenu>Office</guimenu><guimenuitem>&kspread;</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>
from the K menu.</para>
<para>When it has started you will be given the choice of creating a new
document from a template, opening an existing or recent document, or starting
with an empty document. Choose <guilabel>Start with an empty document</guilabel>
.</para>
<para>Looking at &kspread; once it has started up, you will see a table of
empty rectangular cells arranged in numbered rows and lettered columns. This
is where you enter data or formulae, text or charts.
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="starting1.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Screenshot starting1</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</para>
<para>Now, enter the text and values shown in the first 5 rows of the above
screenshot into the same cells of your spreadsheet. Ignore what is in row 7
for the moment. To enter anything into a cell first select the cell by
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> clicking inside it, then type whatever you
want, then press <keycap>Enter</keycap> or use the arrow keys to move the
selection point to another cell.
</para>
<para>What we have entered so far could be a simple budget for the next two
months, listing how much we think we will be spending for Food, Shelter,
Clothing and any Other expenditure. Now select cell B7 (column B, row 7),
type in <userinput>=B2+B3+B4+B5</userinput> and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>.
Because it begins with a <keycap>=</keycap> symbol &kspread; sees this as a
formula, something it has to calculate, in this case by adding together the
values in the 4 cells B2 to B5, and what is shown in the cell B7 is the result
of that calculation.</para>
<para>You could enter a similar formula into cell C7, except that in this case
it would have to be <userinput>=C2+C3+C4+C5</userinput>, but there is an
easier way which is to Copy cell B7 and Paste it into C7. &kspread; will
automatically adjust the cell references from B.. to C.. when the Paste is
done.</para>
<para>At this point you may think that &kspread; is doing no more that you
could manage with pencil, paper and a calculator, and you could be right, but
remember that this is a very small example of a spreadsheet, doing simple
calculations on only a few numbers. For any reasonably sized table of values
using a spreadsheet to do the calculations is much quicker and more accurate
than doing them manually.</para>
<para>Also, a spreadsheet lets you play the <quote>What if?</quote> game.
Because each formula is automatically recalculated whenever any of the values
it refers to are changed, you can quickly see what happens if you alter any of
them. Using our example you can see the effect of reducing the amount spent on
food in December by just entering a new value into cell C2. If you had a
spreadsheet that modelled the greenhouse effect accurately you could perhaps
see the effect of a 50 percent reduction in the amount of methane released
into the atmosphere. </para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="selecting">
<title>Selecting Cells</title>
<para>You can select a single cell or a rectangular area of cells in the
spreadsheet. The selected cell(s) are displayed with a thick black border
.</para>
<para>To select a single cell <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> click on it
or enter the cell reference (for example <userinput>B5</userinput>) into the
cell reference box at the left end of the Formula toolbar and press <keycap>
Enter</keycap>, or use the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Goto Cell...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu option.</para>
<para>You can also steer your way around with the <keysym>arrow</keysym> keys.
Pressing the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key will move the current selection one
position up, down, left or right depending on the setting in the <guilabel>Misc
</guilabel> page of &kspread;'s <link linkend="configmisc">configuration
dialog box</link>.</para>
<para>If you hold the &Ctrl; key down while using the <keysym>arrow</keysym>
keys the selection will move to the start or end of the block of occupied
cells.</para>
<para>To select an area of cells drag the mouse cursor across the wanted area
with the <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> button held down, or enter the
references of the top left and bottom right cells separated by a colon into
the Formula toolbar cell reference box (for example <userinput>B7:C14
</userinput>) and press <keycap>Enter</keycap>, or enter these cell references
in a similar format into the dialog box brought up by <menuchoice><guimenu>
View</guimenu><guimenuitem>Goto Cell...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>You can also select an area of cells by selecting the cell in one
corner of the wanted area then holding the &Shift; key down while using the
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button to select the cell in the
opposite corner.</para>
<para>To select a complete row or column of cells <mousebutton>left
</mousebutton> click on the row number at the left of the worksheet or on the
column letters at the top. To select adjacent rows or columns drag the mouse
pointer over the appropriate row numbers or column letters with the
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> button held down.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="entering">
<title>Entering Data</title>
<para>Entering data into a cell can be as simple as selecting the cell, typing
your data, then pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap> or moving the selection to
another cell with one of the <keysym>arrow</keysym> keys. Depending on how you
enter the data, &kspread; will interpret it as a number, date, time or text:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
Numbers are entered in the obvious way; <userinput>123</userinput>, <userinput>
-123</userinput>, <userinput>456.7</userinput> or in scientific notation
<userinput>-1.2E-5</userinput>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Dates should be entered in your <quote>System</quote> format, as defined in
the K menu <menuchoice><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu> <guisubmenu>
Personalisation</guisubmenu> <guimenuitem>Country & Languages</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> dialog box. If, for example, you are using the DD/MM/YYYY form
you should enter <userinput>30/03/2002</userinput> for 30th. March 2002.
Leading zeroes can be omitted from the day and month fields and only the last
one or two digits of the year need to be entered if the date is in the current
century, for example <userinput>9/1/2</userinput> for 9th January 2002.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
Times should also be entered using the <quote>System</quote> format. For
example if you are using a 12 hour clock then enter times in HH:MIN am|pm or
HH:MIN:SS am|pm format such as <userinput>9:42 am</userinput> or <userinput>
10:30:52 pm</userinput>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
&kspread; defines any input data as <quote>text</quote> if it can not
recognise as being a number, date or time.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<note><para>By default, &kspread; right justifies numbers, dates and times
within a cell and left justifies anything else. This can be a useful guide
to whether you have entered a date or time in the correct format. But
remember that how items are displayed can be changed by altering
the <link linkend="formatdata">cell format</link>.</para></note>
<para>The main text entry box in the Formula toolbar provides an easy way of
editing the contents of a selected cell. Press <keycap>Enter</keycap> or
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> click on the green tick mark when you are
happy with what you have entered, or click on the red cross to cancel your
edits.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="copypaste">
<title>Copy, Cut and Paste</title>
<para>At first glance, &kspread;'s <guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>,
<guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem> and <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> appear
to be similar to these functions in other &kde; applications. Having selected
a cell or cells, you can choose <guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem> or
<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> menu or from
the drop down menu you get by holding the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton>
mouse button down on a selected cell, or just use the shortcuts
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>C</keycap>
</keycombo> or <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>X</keycap>
</keycombo>, then you can move the selection to the target cell and choose
<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> or use the shortcut <keycombo action="simul">
&Ctrl;<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo>. However there are some
subtleties associated with these functions in &kspread; and these are discussed
below.</para>
<para>If a cell contains a formula then the formula itself is copied rather
than the displayed result, and if the formula contains a reference to another
cell, then that reference is changed by the <guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
or <guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem> and <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
operation to point to the cell that is in the same relative position as in
the original cell. For example if cell A2 contains the formula <userinput>
=B3</userinput> and is copied to C4, cell C4 will contain <userinput>=D5
</userinput>.</para>
<para>This may seem to be a rather strange way of doing a copy, but
99 percent of the time it is exactly what is wanted (if it is not then see the
section about <link linkend="absolute">absolute cell references</link>).
For example in the simple shopping list shown below, cell D2 should contain
<userinput>=B2 * C2</userinput>, D3 should be <userinput>=B3 * C3</userinput>,
D4 should be <userinput>=B4 * C4</userinput> and so on. Instead of having to
enter a different formula in each cell, you can just enter the first formula
into D2 and then copy it into the cells below, letting &kspread; adjust the
cell references to suit.</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="copy1.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Screenshot copy1</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<sect2 id="copypasteareas">
<title>Copying and Pasting Cell Areas</title>
<para>In the above example D2 can be copied into all three cells D3 to D5 at
once by just copying D2 then selecting the complete cell area D3:D5 before
doing the paste.</para>
<para>A rectangular area of cells can be cut or copied in one operation by
selecting the area before doing the cut or copy. Then select the top left
corner cell of the area you want to paste into before doing the paste.</para>
<para>If you cut or copy a rectangular area of cells, say B2:C3, and paste it
into a larger area such as A10:D13 the original pattern of cells will be
repeated to fill the target area.</para>
<para>&kspread; also provides a <quote>Drag and Copy</quote> method for
copying cells down into other cells immediately below or to the
right of the original cell(s). To use this method select the cell(s) to be
copied then position the mouse pointer over the small black square at the
bottom right corner of the selected cell(s) so the cursor changes to a double
headed arrow. Then hold the <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button down
while you drag the selected cell(s) as far as you wish.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="specialpaste">
<title>Other Paste Modes</title>
<para>A cell may contain text, a value, or a formula, and may also contain
special font, border or background <link linkend="formatspread">formatting
information</link>. &kspread; has special versions of Paste that let
you handle these items in different ways.</para>
<para><guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem> brings up the <guilabel>
Special Paste</guilabel> dialog box. By selecting the appropriate item from
the top part of this dialog you can choose to paste just <guilabel>Text
</guilabel>, the cell <guilabel>Format</guilabel>, any <guilabel>Comment
</guilabel> in the cell(s) or <guilabel>Everything without border</guilabel>.
The items in the bottom part of this dialog box allow you do do simple
<link linkend="sumspecialpaste">arithmetic on an area of cells</link>.
</para>
<para><guimenuitem>Paste with Insertion...</guimenuitem> inserts the copied
cell(s) into the sheet by moving the cells that would otherwise be overwritten
a suitable number of rows of columns down or to the right. It can also be used
to insert complete copied row(s) or column(s) into the worksheet.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="insdel">
<title>Insert and Delete</title>
<para>Use the <keysym>Delete</keysym> key or <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit
</guimenu><guisubmenu>Clear</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Text</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> to remove the text, value or formula from selected cell(s),
row(s) or column(s) without affecting anything else.</para>
<para>To delete everything in the selected cell(s), row(s) or column(s),
including comments and special formatting, use <keycombo action="simul">
&Shift;<keysym>Delete</keysym></keycombo> or choose the <guimenuitem>Delete
</guimenuitem> option from the <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> menu or from the pop
up menu you get when you <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on a selection.
</para>
<para>To remove selected row(s) or column(s) completely, use the
<guimenuitem>Delete Row(s)...</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>Delete Column(s)...
</guimenuitem> options from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button
pop up menu.</para>
<para>If you select a cell or cells and choose <guimenuitem>Remove Cells...
</guimenuitem> from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button pop up
menu, you can then choose whether other cells in the worksheet will be moved
up or to the left to fill in the space left by the cell(s) you have chosen to
remove.</para>
<para>If you want to insert new, blank, row(s) or column(s) into the
sheet, select row(s) or column(s) where you wish the new row(s) or
column(s) to be placed and choose the <guimenuitem>Insert Row(s)...</guimenuitem>,
<guimenuitem>Insert Column(s)...</guimenuitem> option from the <mousebutton>
right</mousebutton> mouse button pop up menu.</para>
<para>You can insert new cells into the worksheet by selecting the
area where you want them to appear then choosing the <guimenuitem>
Insert Cells...</guimenuitem> option from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton>
mouse button pop up menu. You will then be asked whether the existing cell(s)
in the selected area should be moved down or to the right to make room for the
new ones.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="simplesums">
<title>Simple Sums</title>
<para>If the first character in a cell is an equals sign (<keycap>=</keycap>)
&kspread; will take the cell contents to be a formula which is to be
calculated. The result of the calculation will be displayed in the cell rather
than the formula itself. For example, enter <userinput>=2+3</userinput>
into a cell and it should display <emphasis>5</emphasis>.</para>
<para>More usefully, a formula can contain references to other cells, so
that <userinput>=B4+A3</userinput> will calculate the sum of the values in
cells B4 and A3, and this calculation will be updated whenever cells B4 or A3
are changed.</para>
<para>As well as addition, a formula can make use of the <keycap>-</keycap>
symbol for subtraction, <keycap>*</keycap> for multiplication, and <keycap>
/</keycap> to perform division. The round bracket symbols <keycap>(</keycap>
and <keycap>)</keycap> can also be used as in normal algebra, so you could
enter more complex formulae such as <userinput>=((B10 + C3) *5 - F11) / 2
</userinput>.</para>
<para>Cells containing a formula will be marked with a small blue triangle
at the bottom left corner if the <guilabel>Show formula indicator</guilabel>
checkbox in the <guilabel>Preferences</guilabel> page of &kspread;'s
<link linkend="configdialog">configuration</link> dialog is checked.</para>
<para>&kspread; also includes a large number of built-in functions for
applications such as statistical, trigonometrical and financial calculations.
Their use will be examined in more depth in a <link linkend="formulas">
later section</link> of this manual, but if you are interested at this stage
choose <guimenuitem>Function...</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Insert
</guimenu> menu and take a look through the <guilabel>Function
</guilabel> dialog box that will be displayed..</para>
<para>For the time being, however, the <userinput>SUM</userinput> function may
be of interest as it calculates the sum of all values in a specified area of
cells. For example <userinput>=SUM(B4:C10)</userinput> calculates the sum of
all values in the cell area B4 to C10.</para>
<para>If &kspread; displays a row of <keycap>#</keycap> symbols when you have
entered your formula this usually means that it cannot understand what
you have entered, but if the row of <keycap>#</keycap> symbols ends with a
small red arrow this just means that the cell is not wide enough to display
the complete result, in which case you should either make the cell(s) wider
or change their <link linkend="formatdata">format</link> so that the result
does fit properly.</para>
<sect2 id="recalc">
<title>Recalculation</title>
<para>If the <guilabel>Automatic recalculation</guilabel> box in the <guilabel>
Preferences</guilabel> page of the <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Configure KSpread...</guisubmenu></menuchoice> dialog box is
checked, &kspread; will recalculate the values of cells whenever anything that
affects them is changed.</para>
<para>You can instruct &kspread; to perform a recalculation at any time by
using the <guimenuitem>Recalculate Sheet</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>
Recalculate Workbook</guimenuitem> options in the <guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
menu or their shortcuts <keycombo action="simul">&Shift;<keysym>F9</keysym>
</keycombo> or <keysym>F9</keysym>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sort">
<title>Sorting Data</title>
<para>In the simple example shown below, the data consists of the names and
countries of a number of mountains together with their height above sea level.
&kspread; can sort data such as this in different ways.</para>
<para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="sort1.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Screenshot of sorted data</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</para>
<para>We may want the data sorted so that the names are in
alphabetical order. To do this select the area containing the data (A2:C7
in this case) and choose <guimenuitem>Sort Increasing</guimenuitem> or
<guimenuitem>Sort Decreasing</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Data</guimenu>
menu.</para>
<para>Sorting is done alphanumerically, and is case sensitive, numbers coming
before upper case letters which come before lower case letters, so that cells
containing the entries <userinput>Cat</userinput>, <userinput>bar</userinput>,
<userinput>77</userinput> and <userinput>Bat</userinput> would be sorted into
the following order: <emphasis>77 Bat Cat bar</emphasis>.</para>
<para>The <guimenuitem>Sort Increasing</guimenuitem> and <guimenuitem>Sort
Decreasing</guimenuitem> options from the <guimenu>Data</guimenu> menu options
sort the data according to the contents of the cells in the left column of the
selected area. For more complex sorting select <menuchoice><guimenu>Data
</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sort...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> to bring up the
<guilabel>Sort</guilabel> dialog box.</para>
<para>Using the <guilabel>Sort criteria</guilabel> page of this dialog box you
can choose which column of the data is to be used as a primary sort key and,
if you wish, other columns to be used as secondary and tertiary keys. Using
the example in the above screenshot, choosing column B as the first key and
column C as the second would sort the data by country and, for each country,
by height.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Options</guilabel> page lets you sort by row instead of by
column and allows you to sort using the order of items in a custom list such
as January, February... instead of alphanumerically.</para>
<para>&kspread; can also place the results of a sort into a different area of
the sheet, or even into a different worksheet, rather than overwriting the
original data. To do this enter the
top left cell reference of the target area into the <guilabel>Starting cell:
</guilabel> text box in the <guilabel>Options</guilabel> page. The cell
formats will also be copied to the new area if you check the <guilabel>
Copy layout</guilabel> box. If you check the <guilabel>First row contains
header</guilabel> box data in the first row will be copied directly to the
first row of the target area without being included in the sort operation.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="statusbarsum">
<title>The Statusbar Summary Calculator</title>
<para>The left hand end of the Statusbar shows a summary of the values in
the selected cell(s). According to the setting of the <guilabel>Method of
calc:</guilabel> drop down box in the <guilabel>Misc</guilabel> page of
&kspread;'s configuration dialog the summary can be:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Sum</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>The value displayed is the sum of the values in the selected
cells.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Min</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>The value displayed is the minimum of the values in the selected
cells.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Max</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>The value displayed is the maximum of the values in the selected
cells.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Average</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>The value displayed is the average of the values in the selected
cells.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Count</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>The value displayed is the number of cells containing numeric
values.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>None</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>No summary calculation is performed.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>The method of calculation can also be changed by <mousebutton>right
</mousebutton> clicking on the summary calculation result area of the
Statusbar and choosing an item from the pop up menu.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="saving">
<title>Saving your Work</title>
<para>&kspread; saves the complete workbook, which may include more than one
worksheet, as a single document file.</para>
<para>If you have created a new workbook, or want to save an existing one
under a different name, use <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Save As...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. This will bring up &kde;'s common
<guilabel>Save Document As</guilabel> dialog box.
Choose the directory where you want to save the workbook and enter a
suitable file name into the <guilabel>Location:</guilabel> text box. &kspread;
documents are normally automatically saved with a <filename>.ksp</filename>
extension, you do not need to add this to the filename but do make sure that
the <guilabel>Filter:</guilabel> selection is set to &kspread;.</para>
<para>To save your workbook without changing its name, just use <menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>You can also save a &kspread; workbook in a foreign format, see the
<link linkend="importexport">Import Export</link> section for more information
about doing this.</para>
<para>When you save a modified version of an existing workbook &kspread;
will keep the previous version as a backup file, adding a <keysym>~</keysym>
symbol to the end of the filename.</para>
<para>&kspread; can provide some protection against losing your work because
of a computer crash or because you have closed &kspread; without saving the
current workbook. It does this by automatically saving the latest version of
the document you are working on every few minutes using a modified file name.
The autosaved version is normally removed when you next save your workbook,
so that it will only exist if it is more up to date than the version that was
saved manually.
When you open a workbook &kspread; checks to see if an autosaved
version exists, and if it finds one will offer to open that instead.</para>
<para>Autosaved workbooks are saved with a file name of the form
<filename>.yourfilename.autosave</filename>, note the leading period
(<keysym>.</keysym>), so that <filename>spread1.ksp</filename> woud be
autosaved as <filename>.spread1.ksp.autosave</filename>. The autosave feature
is <link linkend="configinterface">user configurable</link>.</para>
<sect2 id="templates">
<title>Templates</title>
<para>If you are going to be creating a lot of similar workbooks you can
save yourself time and trouble by first creating a template and then
using that as the basis for the individual documents.</para>
<para>To do this first create a workbook containing the common elements,
then save it as a template by choosing <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Create Template From Document...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
Doing this opens the <guilabel>Create Template</guilabel> dialog box.
Enter a name for your new template into the <guilabel>Name:</guilabel> text
box and press <guibutton>OK</guibutton>. The next time you start a new
workbook by choosing <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>New
</guimenuitem></menuchoice> or when you next start &kspread; the <guilabel>
Choose</guilabel> dialog box will give you the option of creating the
new document from your template.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Create Template</guilabel> dialog box also lets you
choose a different picture to be displayed above the template name in the
<guilabel>Choose</guilabel> dialog box, and lets you save your templates
under different group names, which will appear as different tab pages in
the <guilabel>Choose</guilabel> dialog box.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="printing">
<title>Printing a Spreadsheet</title>
<para>Printing a spreadsheet is basically done by selecting <menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> which
brings up &kde;'s common <guilabel>Print</guilabel> dialog box where you can
choose, among other options, the printer to be used, the number of copies and
whether all or only selected pages are to be printed.</para>
<para>By default &kspread; will print all items in the current worksheet, but
you can restrict this by first selecting the area that you want to be
printed then choosing <guimenuitem>Define Print Range</guimenuitem> from the
<menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>Print Range</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice> sub menu.</para>
<para>&kspread; will print as many pages as are necessary to include all
items in the current worksheet. You can quickly see how a worksheet will be
spilt into separate pages for printing by checking the <menuchoice><guimenu>
View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Page Borders</guimenuitem></menuchoice> box. The boundaries
of each printed page will then be marked by colored lines in the
worksheet.</para>
<para>For a more detailed view of what is to be sent to the printer, including
anything you have asked to be included in the page headers and footers (see
below), choose <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print
Preview...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>To improve the appearance of the printed output , you can change the
fonts, colors, borders and sizes of the cells in the worksheet, see the
<link linkend="formatspread">Spreadsheet Formatting</link> section for more
details about how to do this.</para>
<para>You can also use the <guilabel>Page Layout</guilabel> dialog box,
invoked by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guimenuitem>Paper
Layout...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, to change the orientation of the printed
pages, the paper size (this should be suitable for your printer) and the size
of the page borders.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Header and Footer</guilabel> page of the <guilabel>
Page Layout</guilabel> dialog box also lets you add text, including items such
as the filename, date and page number to the header and footer, of each
printed page.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Print Range:</guilabel> section of the <guilabel>Options
</guilabel> page of the <guilabel>Page Layout</guilabel> dialog box provides
an alternative way of restricting the printed output to just one part of the
worksheet. This page also lets you select whether or not to print the grid,
comment indicators and formula indicators, and allows you to repeat selected
column(s) or row(s) on each printed page.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="formatspread">
<title>Spreadsheet Formatting</title>
<sect1 id="formatfonts">
<title>Fonts, Text, Borders and Colors</title>
<para>To change the appearance of selected cell(s), row(s) or column(s) use
the <guimenuitem>Cell Format...</guimenuitem> option from the <guimenu>Format
</guimenu> menu or from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button pop
up menu. This will bring up the <guilabel>Cell Format</guilabel> dialog box
which has several tabbed pages:</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Border</guilabel> page lets you set the appearance of the
cell borders. If you have selected more than one cell you can apply different
styles to the borders between the cells and that surrounding the selected area.
</para>
<para>First select the pattern and color from the <guilabel>Pattern</guilabel>
section of the <guilabel>Border</guilabel> page then apply that to
different parts of the border by clicking on the appropriate button in the
<guilabel>Border</guilabel> section, or on one of the <guilabel>Preselect
</guilabel> buttons. The left hand button in the <guilabel>Preselect
</guilabel> section will clear any previously applied border(s). Note that you
can also add a diagonal strike-through line to the cell(s).</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Text</guilabel> page lets you select the font style, size
and color, the cell background pattern and color can be selected from the
<guilabel>Background</guilabel> page.</para>
<para>From the <guilabel>Position</guilabel> page you can control the position
of text within a cell by making suitable selections in the <guilabel>Horizontal
</guilabel> and <guilabel>Vertical</guilabel> areas or by setting the
<guilabel>Indent</guilabel> value. You can also choose to have the text
appear vertically rather than horizontally, or even at an angle.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="formatdata">
<title>Data Formats and Representation</title>
<para>The <guilabel>Data Format</guilabel> page of the Cell Format dialog box
lets you control how the values of cells are displayed.</para>
<para>The top part of this page lets you select the format to be used when
displaying numeric values, dates or times.
</para>
<para>The lower part of the <guilabel>Data Format</guilabel> page lets you add
a <guilabel>Prefix</guilabel> such as a $ symbol at the start of each item or
a <guilabel>Postfix</guilabel> such as $HK to the end. You can also control
how many digits are displayed after the decimal point for numeric values,
whether positive values are displayed with a leading + sign and whether
negative values are shown in red.
</para>
<sect2 id="conditional">
<title>Conditional Cell Attributes</title>
<para>You can make the appearance of a cell change according to the value it
contains, useful perhaps if you are using &kspread; to keep track of your
household expenses and want to highlight any item greater than, say, one
thousand dollars.</para>
<para>To do this select the cell(s) then choose <guimenuitem>Conditional Cell
Attributes...</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Edit</guimenu> menu. This will
bring up the <guilabel>Relational Cell Attributes</guilabel> dialog box where
you can set the font type and color of a cell to change when the value meets
one or more conditions. Note that the second and third conditions only apply
if the previous condition(s) are not met.</para>
<para>Use <menuchoice><guisubmenu>Clear</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Conditional
Cell Attributes</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
menu to clear any conditional attributes from selected cells.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="cellsize">
<title>Changing Cell Sizes</title>
<para>The <guilabel>Position</guilabel> page in the <guilabel>Cell Format...
</guilabel> dialog lets you alter the size of the selected cell(s). Note that
changing the height of a single cell will change the height for all cells in
that row, similarly changing the width will affect the entire column.</para>
<para>You can also select the row(s) or column(s) to be changed then select
<guimenuitem>Resize Row...</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>Resize Column...
</guimenuitem> from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button pop up
menu or from the <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>Row
</guisubmenu></menuchoice> or <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>
Column</guisubmenu></menuchoice> menu.</para>
<para>If you move the mouse cursor so that its tip is over the line between
two of the row numbers at the left of &kspread;'s window the cursor will
change to show two parallel lines each with a short arrow headed line coming
from it. When the cursor is in this state you can hold the <mousebutton>left
</mousebutton> mouse button down and drag the border between the two rows,
changing the height of the upper row. A similar technique can be used to
change the width of a column.</para>
<para>Selecting a cell, row or column then choosing <guimenuitem>Adjust Row
</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Adjust Column</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>
Adjust Row and Column</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Format</guimenu> or
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button menu will set the row height
or column width to the minimum needed to properly display the contents.</para>
<para>You can make a number of adjacent rows or columns the same size by
selecting them then choosing <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>
Row</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Equalize Row</guimenuitem></menuchoice> or
<menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>Column</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Equalize Column</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="merging">
<title>Merging Cells</title>
<para>It is often convenient to have one cell that spreads across two or more
columns or down more than one row. This can be done by merging two or more
cells into one. Select the cells to be merged than choose <menuchoice><guimenu>
Data</guimenu><guimenuitem>Merge Cells</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>To reverse this process, select the merged cell then choose <guimenuitem>
Dissociate Cells</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>TData</guimenu> menu.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="hiding">
<title>Hiding Rows and Columns</title>
<para>A finished spreadsheet can often be made to look more attractive by
hiding the cells containing intermediate calculations so that only the
important data input and result areas are shown.</para>
<para>In &kspread; you can hide selected rows or columns by
using the <guimenuitem>Hide Rows</guimenuitem> and <guimenuitem>Hide
Columns</guimenuitem> options from the <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guisubmenu>Row</guisubmenu></menuchoice>, <menuchoice><guimenu>Format
</guimenu><guisubmenu>Column</guisubmenu></menuchoice> or
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button menus. Hidden rows and columns
are not displayed on the screen or included in a print out.</para>
<para>Hiding cells in this way also makes them slightly less prone to
accidental change.</para>
<para>To un-hide a row or column select <menuchoice><guisubmenu>Row
</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Show Rows...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> or
<menuchoice><guisubmenu>Column</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Show Columns...
</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the <guimenu>Format</guimenu> menu.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="hardsums">
<title>Advanced &kspread;</title>
<sect1 id="series">
<title>Series</title>
<para>When constructing a spreadsheet you often need to include a series of
values, such as 10, 11, 12..., in a row or column. There are several ways you
can do this in &kspread;.</para>
<para>For a simple short series such as 5, 6, 7, 8... the <quote>Drag and Copy
</quote> method is the simplest. Enter the starting value into the starting
cell and the next value of the series into an adjacent cell.
Then select both cells and move the mouse pointer so that it is over the small
square at the bottom right corner; the cursor will change to a
diagonal double headed arrow. Then hold the <mousebutton>left</mousebutton>
mouse button down while you drag the cells down or across as needed.</para>
<para>The step size is calculated as the difference between the two starting
values that you have entered.
For example if you enter <userinput>4</userinput> into cell A1 and
<userinput>3.5</userinput> into A2 then select both cells and Drag and Copy
them down, the step size will be the value in A2 minus the value
in A1, -0.5 in this case so you will get the series 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2...</para>
<para>The <quote>Drag and Copy</quote> method will even cope with series where
the step value is not a constant value but is itself a series. So that if you
start with 1, 3, 4, 6 Drag and Copy will extend it to 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10,
12..., the step value in this example being the series 2, 1, 2, 1...</para>
<para>&kspread; also recognises some special <quote>series</quote> such as
the days of the week. Try entering <userinput>Friday</userinput> into a cell
(note the capitalization) then Drag and Copy it down. To see what special series
are available, and perhaps create your own, select <menuchoice><guimenu>Tools
</guimenu><guimenuitem>Custom Lists...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> .</para>
<para>If you select a cell and choose <guimenuitem>Series...</guimenuitem>
from the <guimenu>Insert</guimenu> menu you will see the <guilabel>Series
</guilabel> dialog box. This is useful for creating series that are too long
to be conveniently constructed using the Drag and Copy method, or for
creating geometric series such as 1, 1.5, 2.25, 3.375... where the step value,
1.5 in this case, is used as a multiplier.</para>
<para>If the type of series that you want is too complicated for any of the
previous methods, consider using a formula and Drag and Copying that. For
example to create a series with the values 2, 4, 16, 256... enter
<userinput>2</userinput> into A1, <userinput>=A1*A1</userinput> into A2, and
Drag and Copy cell A2 down.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="formulas">
<title>Formulae</title>
<sect2 id="builtin">
<title>Built in Functions</title>
<para>&kspread; has a huge range of built in mathematical and other functions
that can be used in a formula cell. They can be seen and accessed by selecting
a cell then choosing <guimenuitem>Function...</guimenuitem> from the
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu> menu. This brings up the <guilabel>Function
</guilabel> dialog box.</para>
<para>Select the expression you want to use from the listbox at the left of the
dialog box then press the button with the down arrow key symbol on it to paste
the expression into the text edit box at the bottom of the <guilabel>Math
Expression</guilabel> dialog.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Parameters</guilabel> tab page will then be displayed
to let you enter the parameter(s) for the expression you have just
chosen. If you want to enter an actual value for a parameter, just type it
into the appropriate text box in the <guilabel>Parameters</guilabel> page. To
enter a cell reference rather than a value, <mousebutton>left</mousebutton>
click on the appropriate text box in the <guilabel>Parameters</guilabel> page
then <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> click on the target cell in
the spreadsheet.</para>
<para>Instead of using the <guilabel>Parameters</guilabel> page, cell
references such as <userinput>B6</userinput> can be entered by typing them
directly into the edit box at the bottom of the <guilabel>Function</guilabel>
dialog. If an expression has more then one parameter separate them with a
semi-colon (<keysym>;</keysym>).</para>
<para>Pressing the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will transfer the
expression to the main &kspread; window's Formula toolbar edit box and close
the <guilabel>Function</guilabel> dialog. Press the Formula toolbar
button marked with a large green tick to put the expression into the selected
cell.</para>
<para>You can of course do without the <guilabel>Function</guilabel>
dialog and simply type the complete expression into the Formula toolbar's
main edit box. Function names are not case sensistve. Do not forget that all
expressions must start with an <keysym>=</keysym> symbol.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="logical">
<title>Logical Comparisons</title>
<para>Logical functions such as IF(), AND(), OR() take parameters which have the
logical (boolean) values True or False. This type of value can be produced by
other logical functions such as ISEVEN() or by the comparison of values in
spreadsheet cells using the comparison expressions given in the following
table.</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry> Expression </entry>
<entry> Description </entry>
<entry> Example </entry></row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row><entry><keysym>=</keysym><keysym>=</keysym></entry>
<entry>Is equal to</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2==B3</userinput> is True if the value in A2 is equal to
the value in B3</entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym>!</keysym><keysym>=</keysym></entry>
<entry>Is not equal to</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2!=B3</userinput> is True if the value in A2 is not equal
to the value in B3</entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym><</keysym><keysym>></keysym></entry>
<entry>Is not equal to</entry>
<entry>Same as <userinput>A2!=B3</userinput></entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym><</keysym></entry>
<entry>Is less than</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2<B3</userinput> is True if the value in A2 is less than
the value in B3</entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym><</keysym><keysym>=</keysym></entry>
<entry>Is less than or equal to</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2<=B3</userinput> is True if the value in A2 is less than
or equal to the value in B3</entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym>></keysym></entry>
<entry>Is greater than</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2>B3</userinput> is True if the value in A2 is greater
than the value in B3</entry>
</row>
<row><entry><keysym>></keysym><keysym>=</keysym></entry>
<entry>Is greater than or equal to</entry>
<entry><userinput>A2>=B3</userinput> is True if the value A2 is greater than
or equal to the value in B3</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>Thus if you enter <userinput>=IF(B3>B1;"BIGGER";"")</userinput> into
a cell it will display BIGGER if the value in B3 is greater than that in B1,
otherwise the cell will show nothing.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="absolute">
<title>Absolute Cell References</title>
<para>If a formula contains a cell reference that reference will normally be
changed when the cell is copied to another part of the worksheet. To prevent
this behavior put a <keysym>$</keysym> symbol before the column letter, row
number or both. </para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>
If A1 contains the formula <userinput>=D5</userinput> then on copying the
cell to B2 it will become <userinput>=E6</userinput> (the normal behavior).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If A1 contains the formula <userinput>=$D5</userinput> then on copying the
cell to B2 it will become <userinput>=D6</userinput> (column letter not
changed).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If A1 contains the formula <userinput>=D$5</userinput> then on copying the
cell to B2 it will become <userinput>=E5</userinput> (row number not
changed).
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
If A1 contains the formula <userinput>=$D$5</userinput> then on copying the
cell to B2 it will remain as <userinput>=D5</userinput> (neither the column
letter nor the row number are changed).
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>When you are entering or editing a cell reference in a formula the
shortcut key <keysym>F4</keysym> can be used to step through these four
possibilities.</para>
<para><link linkend="namedareas">Named cells</link> can be used in a similar
way to include a unchanging cell reference in a formula.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="sumspecialpaste">
<title>Arithmetic using Special Paste</title>
<para>Sometimes you may want to add a single value to a number of
cells, or subtract a value from them, or multiply or divide them all by a
single value. The <guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem> option lets you
do this quickly and easily.</para>
<para>First, enter the modifier value into any spare cell on your spreadsheet
and <guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem> it. Then select the area of cells you want
to change, choose <guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem> from the
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu> or <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button menu
and select <guilabel>Addition</guilabel>, <guilabel>Subtraction</guilabel>,
<guilabel>Multiplication</guilabel> or <guilabel>Division</guilabel> from the
<guilabel>Operation</guilabel> section of the dialog box.</para>
<para>You can also apply different modifier values to different rows or
columns of the target area by copying an area containing the wanted modifiers
before selecting the target area and doing <guimenuitem>Special Paste...
</guimenuitem> . For example, if you enter <userinput>5</userinput> into cell
A1, <userinput>10</userinput> into B1, select both cells and do a <guimenuitem>
Copy</guimenuitem> then <guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem> <guilabel>
Addition</guilabel> into cells A10 to D15, 5 will be added to A10:A15 and
C5:C15, and 10 to B10:B15 and D10:D15.</para>
<para>Note that a modifier value can be a formula as well as a simple numeric
value. If it is a formula then &kspread; will adjust the cell references as
for a normal <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> operation.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="goalseek">
<title>Goal Seeking</title>
<para>&kspread; can be used to solve algebraic expressions such as <emphasis>
x + x^2 = 4</emphasis> or <emphasis>For what value of x does x + x squared
equal 4 ?</emphasis>.</para>
<para>For this example you could enter <userinput>=A2+A2*A2</userinput>
into A1 then either try different values in A2 until the result in A1 is as
close as you wish to <emphasis>4</emphasis> or, preferably, use &kspread;'s
<guimenuitem>Goal Seek</guimenuitem> feature which automatically adjusts the
value in one cell to try to make the value in another cell as close as
possible to a target value.</para>
<para>It is invoked by selecting <guimenuitem>Goal Seek</guimenuitem> from
the <guimenu>Data</guimenu> menu. This brings up a dialog box in which you
should enter the reference of the target value cell (<userinput>A1</userinput>
in this case) into the <guilabel>Set cell</guilabel> box, the target value
itself (<userinput>4</userinput>) into the <guilabel>to value</guilabel> box
and the reference of the cell that is to be changed
(<userinput>A2</userinput>) into the <guilabel>by changing cell</guilabel>
box. Note that you need to have entered some initial value into the cell that
is to be changed before starting <guimenuitem>Goal Seek</guimenuitem>.</para>
<para>Pressing the <guibutton>Start</guibutton> button in the <guilabel>
Goal Seek</guilabel> menu will start the calulation. When it finishes and if
it has found a solution press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button to accept
the result or <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> to keep the original value.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="tables">
<title>Using more than one Worksheet</title>
<para>When you start a new, empty, document with &kspread; it will create a
number of blank worksheets. The number of sheets it creates is determined
by the <guilabel>Number of pages open at the beginning</guilabel> setting in
the <guilabel>Interface</guilabel> page of &kspread;'s
<link linkend="configinterface">configuration</link> dialog box.</para>
<para><menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sheet</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> will add another sheet to the workbook.</para>
<para>If the <guilabel>Show tabs</guilabel> box in the <guilabel>Interface
</guilabel> page of &kspread;'s configuration dialog box is checked a small
tab will be shown near the bottom left of &kspread;'s window for each sheet.
<mousebutton>Left</mousebutton> click on one of these tabs to see that sheet.
</para>
<para>You can also switch between worksheets by using the
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>PageDown</keysym></keycombo>
to move to the next sheet,
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>PageUp</keysym></keycombo> to move to
the previous one.</para>
<para>Worksheets are given the default names of <emphasis>Sheet1</emphasis>,
<emphasis>Sheet2</emphasis>... You can give a sheet a different name by
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> clicking on the tab and selecting
<guimenuitem>Rename Sheet...</guimenuitem>.</para>
<para>To remove a sheet from the workbook use the <guimenuitem>Remove Sheet
</guimenuitem> option in the <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>
Sheet</guisubmenu></menuchoice> submenu or in the little
menu that pops up when you <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on the tab
for the sheet you want to remove.</para>
<para>Other entries in the <menuchoice><guimenu>Format</guimenu><guisubmenu>
Sheet</guisubmenu></menuchoice> submenu allow you to show or hide a sheet in
much the same way as rows and columns can be hidden.</para>
<para>If you want a formula in one sheet to refer to a cell in another sheet,
the cell reference must start with the table name followed by an exclamation
mark (<keysym>!</keysym>). For example if you enter <userinput>=Sheet2!A2
</userinput> into a cell in Sheet 1, that cell will take the value from A2 of
Sheet2. Note that sheet names are case sensitive.</para>
<sect2 id="consolidate">
<title>Consolidating Data</title>
<para>You may have constructed a workbook containing several worksheets
containing similar data but for, say, different months of the year, and wish
to have summary sheet containing the consolidated (sum or average) values
of the corresponding data items in the other sheets.</para>
<para>This task can be made slightly easier by using the <guimenuitem>
Consolidate...</guimenuitem> item from the <guimenu>Data</guimenu> menu.</para>
<para>Selecting this option brings up the <guilabel>Consolidate</guilabel>
dialog box.</para>
<para>For each of the source sheets, enter a reference to the wanted data area
in the <guilabel>Reference</guilabel> box in the <guilabel>Consolidate
</guilabel> dialog then press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> which should transfer
it to the <guilabel>Entered References</guilabel> box. The reference should
include the name of the sheet containing the source data, such as <userinput>
January!A1:A10</userinput>, and can be entered automatically by selecting the
area in the appropriate table.</para>
<para>When you have entered the references for all of the source data sheets
select the cell in the target sheet where you want the top left corner of the
consolidated results to appear, choose <guimenuitem>sum</guimenuitem> or
<guimenuitem>average</guimenuitem> from the <guilabel>Function</guilabel>
selection box then press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.</para>
<para>If you check the <guilabel>Copy data</guilabel> box in the <guilabel>
Consolidate</guilabel> dialog the values resulting from the consolidation will
be placed into the target cells rather than the formulae to calculate them.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="insertchart">
<title>Inserting a Chart</title>
<para>You can insert a chart into a sheet to give a graphical view of your
data.</para>
<para>First select the area of cells containing the data and choose
<menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guimenuitem>Chart</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. The cursor will change to a small cross shape which you
should drag across the sheet while holding the <mousebutton>left
</mousebutton> mouse button held down to define the area where you want the
chart to appear, there is no need to be too accurate at this stage as the
chart size can easily be changed at any time. When you release the mouse
button a chart wizard dialog box will appear.</para>
<para>The wizard allows you to define the type of chart, labels and legend
that you need. You may wish to refer to the &kchart; Handbook at this stage,
but again if you make a wrong choice you can correct it later.
When you press the <guibutton>Finish</guibutton> button the wizard will
vanish and you will see the chart embedded into the worksheet.</para>
<para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="chart1.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Screenshot of embedded chart</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
</para>
<para>To move, resize or even delete the embedded chart click anywhere
within the chart area. It should now appear with a diagonal hatch border
and with a small black square at each corner and in the middle of each edge.
</para>
<para>If you move the cursor over any of the black squares it should change
to a double headed arrow. You can resize the chart by dragging one of these
squares with the <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button pressed. To
delete the chart <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on one of the
squares and select <guimenuitem>Delete embedded document</guimenuitem>.</para>
<para>To move the chart move the cursor so that it is over one of the
hatched borders. The cursor should then change to a hand, press the
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button and you will be able to drag the
chart to where you want it to be.</para>
<para>To restore the chart to its normal appearance simply click anywhere
outside of the chart area.</para>
<para>To change the format of the chart itself <mousebutton>left</mousebutton>
click twice within the chart area. It should then appear with a diagonal
hatch border without any small black squares and &kchart;'s <interface>
Chart Toolbar</interface> should appear in &kspread;'s window. You can then
use these &kchart; tools or a selection from the menu that pops up when you
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click in the chart area to change the chart.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="insertdata">
<title>Inserting External Data</title>
<para>You can insert data from a text file or from the clipboard into a
worksheet by first selecting the cell where you want the top left item of the
inserted data to appear, then choosing <guimenuitem>From Text File...
</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>From Clipboard...</guimenuitem> from the
<menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guisubmenu>External Data</guisubmenu>
</menuchoice> sub menu.</para>
<para>In both cases &kspread; will assume that the data is in
<link linkend="csvdata"><acronym>CSV</acronym></link> form and will open a
dialog box allowing you to control how the data is extracted from the file or
clipboard and placed into the worksheet cells.</para>
<para>If support for it has been included in your system, &kspread; can also
insert data from a <acronym>SQL</acronym> database into a worksheet. This is
done by using the <menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guisubmenu>
External Data</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>From Database...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> option.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="hyper">
<title>Link Cells</title>
<para>A spreadsheet cell can be linked to an action so that <mousebutton>
left </mousebutton> clicking on the cell will, for example, open your
browser. To make a cell act in this way select it and choose
<menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guimenuitem>Link...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. This will bring up the <guilabel>Insert Link</guilabel>
dialog box, which lets you choose between four types of link:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>An <guilabel>Internet</guilabel> link cell will try to
open your default browser at the <acronym>URL</acronym> entered in the
<guilabel>Internet address:</guilabel> text box of the <guilabel>Insert
Link</guilabel> dialog when it is clicked. This could be, for example,
<userinput>http://www.koffice.org</userinput>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Clicking on a cell containing a <guilabel>Mail</guilabel>
link will open your email composer using the address entered in the
<guilabel>Email:</guilabel> text box as the To: address. For example
<userinput>anon@somewhere.com</userinput>.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>A <guilabel>File</guilabel> link cell holds the path to
a file or directory, as entered into the <guilabel>File location:</guilabel>
text box, and will try to open that file or directory with a suitable
application when clicked on.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>The <guilabel>Cell</guilabel> type of link cell holds a
&kspread; cell reference, entered in the <guilabel>Cell:</guilabel> text box.
<mousebutton>Left</mousebutton> clicking on this type of link cell causes
&kspread;'s focus to move to the target cell.
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>All four types of link cell need some suitable text to be entered into
the <guilabel>Comment:</guilabel> field of the <guilabel>Insert Link</guilabel>
dialog. This is the text that appears in the cell, you can set
its style to <guilabel>Bold</guilabel> or <guilabel>Italic</guilabel> if you
wish.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="validcheck">
<title>Validity Checking</title>
<para>&kspread; can automatically check the validity of entered data against
a number of criteria, and pop up a message box if the data is invalid.</para>
<para>To enable this feature, select the cell(s) to be monitored and choose
<menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guimenuitem>Validity...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. This will bring up &kspread;'s <guilabel>Validity</guilabel>
dialog box which has two tabbed pages.</para>
<para>In the <guilabel>Values</guilabel> page select what type of data is to
be considered valid from the <guilabel>Allow:</guilabel> drop down list then
define the valid range of values by choosing one of the options in the
<guilabel>Data:</guilabel> drop down list and entering suitable value(s) into
ont or both of the edit box(es).</para>
<para>When you have done this change to the <guilabel>Error Alert</guilabel>
tab page. Here you can choose the type of message box (<guimenuitem>Stop
</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Warning</guimenuitem> or <guimenuitem>Information
</guimenuitem>) that will appear when an invalid value is entered, and define
the message box title and message text.</para>
<para>Note that this feature only checks data that you enter into the cell,
for a way of checking the results from formulae cells see the <link
linkend="formatdata">Conditional Cell Attributes</link> section of this
Handbook.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="other">
<title>Other Features</title>
<sect2 id="splitview">
<title>Splitting the View</title>
<para>If your spreadsheet is so large that you can not see all of it at once,
splitting &kspread;'s window into two or more views can help you work on it.
This is done by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Split View</guimenuitem></menuchoice> which will split the current view into
two parts. <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Splitter Orientation
</guisubmenu></menuchoice> lets you choose between horizontal and vertical
splitting.</para>
<para>This technique is particularly useful when you want select an area
of the spreadsheet that is larger than can be shown in one view, perhaps to
paste a copied cell into it.
Use the scrollbars to position the two views to show the top left and
bottom right cells of the wanted area, select the top left cell in one
view then hold the &Shift; key pressed while you select the
bottom right cell with the <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button.</para>
<para>If there is more than one sheet in your workbook, you can show a
different sheet in each of the split views.</para>
<para>The relative sizes of the views can be changed by dragging the thick bar
separating the them.</para>
<para>To remove a view select <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Remove View</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="namedareas">
<title>Named Cells and Areas</title>
<para>You can give a name such as <userinput>foo</userinput> to a cell or to
any area of a sheet by selecting the cell or area then selecting <guimenuitem>
Area Name...</guimenuitem> from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse
button menu. This will bring up the <guilabel>Area Name</guilabel> dialog box
where you can enter any name you wish.</para>
<para>You can also name a cell or area by selecting it then typing the name
into the small text box at the left end of the Formula toolbar, overwriting the
cell reference that normally appears here.</para>
<para>If you enter a name that has already been used into this text box
&kspread;'s selection will change to show the named cell(s).</para>
<para>The <menuchoice><guimenu>Data</guimenu><guimenuitem>Show Area...
</guimenuitem></menuchoice> option will give you a list of existing names
and let you change &kspread;'s focus to any of them or let you remove a name.
</para>
<para>Named cells are particularly useful in formulae as an alternative to
<link linkend="absolute"> absolute cell references</link> as the names can
be used in place of normal cell references and do not change when the
cell containing the formula is copied. When a name is used in this way it
should be enclosed in single quotation marks.</para>
<para>For example, if cell A1 has been given the name <userinput>fred
</userinput> then you can enter a formula such as <userinput>='fred' + 2
</userinput> into another cell which would always give the result of adding
2 to the value in A1 no matter where the formula cell was copied to.</para>
<para>Note that cell and area names are treated as being in lower case.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="cellcomments">
<title>Cell Comments</title>
<para>A cell can contain a text comment that can be viewed when working on
the spreadsheet but which is not printed and not normally seen.</para>
<para>To add a comment select the cell and choose <guimenuitem>Add/modify
comment...</guimenuitem> from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse
button menu or from the <menuchoice><guimenu>Insert</guimenu><guisubmenu>
Comment</guisubmenu></menuchoice> menu and type your comment into the
resulting <guilabel>Cell Comment</guilabel> dialog box.</para>
<para>To see the comment hover the mouse pointer over the top right corner of
the cell. The comment will appear as if it were a Tooltip.
</para>
<para>If you check the <guilabel>Show comment indicator</guilabel> box of the
<guilabel>Misc</guilabel> page in the <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Configure &kspread;...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> dialog, those
cells containing comments will be highlighted by a small red triangle in the
top right corner.</para>
<para>To remove a comment from a cell, select <guimenuitem>Remove Comment
</guimenuitem> from the <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> mouse button menu or
choose <menuchoice><guimenu>Edit</guimenu><guisubmenu>Clear</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Comment</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="importexport">
<title>Importing and Exporting Foreign Formats</title>
<para>&kspread; has a limited ability to import (read) and export (write)
spreadsheet files with foreign formats. &kspread;'s capabilities at the time
of writing are summarized in the table below, for more up to date
information visit <ulink url="http://www.koffice.org/filters/status.phtml">
http://www.koffice.org/filters/status.phtml</ulink>.</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry> Format </entry>
<entry> Import </entry>
<entry> Export </entry></row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row><entry>Applix Spreadsheet</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
<entry>None</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>Comma Separated Values (<link linkend="csvdata"><acronym>CSV
</acronym></link>)</entry>
<entry>Good</entry>
<entry>Good</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>dBase</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
<entry>None</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>Excel 97/2000</entry>
<entry>Good</entry>
<entry>None</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>Gnumeric</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>HTML</entry>
<entry>None</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
</row>
<row><entry>Quattro Pro</entry>
<entry>Beta</entry>
<entry>None</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>To import a foreign file just load it as though it were a &kspread;
native file with <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Open...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para>
<para>To export a &kspread; file in a different format select <menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>
and select the format from the <guilabel>Filter:</guilabel> drop down box.
Although &kspread; automatically adds a <literal role="extension">
.ksp</literal> extension to the names of files saved in its native format,
you should add the correct extension for foreign formats.</para>
<sect1 id="csvdata">
<title><acronym>CSV</acronym> Data</title>
<para>Tables of data are often held in text files with the values in a
line being separated by a comma, space, tab or other character,
for example <emphasis>123, 456, 789, abcd, efgh</emphasis>. Such files
are commonly called <quote><acronym>CSV</acronym></quote> (Comma Separated
Values) files, even though the separating character may not be a comma.</para>
<para>If you ask &kspread; to open a text file it assumes that the file is
in <acronym>CSV</acronym> format and launches a dialog box that allows you to
specify the delimiter (separating character) used by the file, and shows how
the data items will be placed into different spreadsheet cells.</para>
<para>Other options in this dialog box let you define the <guilabel>Format
</guilabel> of the spreadsheet cells, whether text quote characters should be
removed, and whether the first line(s) of the file should be ignored.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="configure">
<title>Configuring &kspread; Shortcuts and Toolbars</title>
<sect1 id="configshort">
<title>Shortcuts</title>
<para>To change the shortcut key arrangements used by &kspread; select
<menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure Shortcuts...
</guimenuitem></menuchoice>. This will launch a dialog box as shown below.
</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="shortcut1.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Shortcut config screenshot 1</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>Search through the combo box to find the action you want to add or
change the shortcut keys for and select it by <mousebutton>left</mousebutton>
clicking on the name. You will then be able to change the shortcut by
selecting the <guilabel>None</guilabel>, <guilabel>Default</guilabel> or
<guilabel>Custom</guilabel> radio button or by clicking on the large button in
the <guilabel>Shortcut for Selected Action</guilabel> area.</para>
<para>The <guilabel>Define Shortcut</guilabel> dialog box will then open.
</para>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="shortcut2.png" format="PNG"/>
</imageobject>
<textobject>
<phrase>Shortcut config screenshot 2</phrase>
</textobject>
</mediaobject>
<para>Choose whether you want to change the <guilabel>Primary</guilabel> or
<guilabel>Alternate</guilabel> shortcut then press the key combination you
want to act as the shortcut, for example <keycombo action="simul">
&Ctrl;&Shift;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo>.
If the <guilabel>Auto-Close</guilabel> box is checked the dialog will vanish
as soon as you enter the key combination, otherwise it will remain until you
press <guibutton>OK</guibutton> or <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton>. Clicking on
the little black icon with a white cross in it clears the shortcut.</para>
<sect2 id="userdefmenus">
<title>User Defined Menus</title>
<para>You can add your own pop up menu to &kspread; so that pressing one key
combination will make the menu appear then pressing a second key, or using the
<keysym>Up arrow</keysym> and <keysym>Down arrow</keysym> keys and pressing
<keysym>Enter</keysym>, will select an item from it.</para>
<para>To do this add a <guilabel>Custom</guilabel> shortcut for each of the
actions you want to appear in the menu and in the <guilabel>Define Shortcut
</guilabel> dialog check the <guilabel>Multi-Key</guilabel> box, press the
key combination that you want to bring up your new menu then, separately,
press the key that will choose that item from the menu.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configtoolbars">
<title>Toolbars</title>
<para>&kspread; has five toolbars; File, Edit, Math, Format and Color/Border,
each of which may or may not be shown depending on the choices made in the
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu.</para>
<para>You can choose whether a toolbar appears at the top, left, right or
bottom of &kspread;'s window by <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> clicking on
the toolbar, which brings up the <guilabel>Toolbar Menu</guilabel>, and making
a selection from the <guisubmenu>Orientation</guisubmenu> sub menu. This
<guilabel>Toolbar Menu</guilabel> also has sub menus for choosing whether the
toolbar displays icons, text or both, and the size of the icons.</para>
<para>Another way of moving a toolbar is by positioning the mouse pointer over
the two vertical bars at the left end of each toolbar and holding the
<mousebutton>left</mousebutton> mouse button down while you drag the toolbar
to the wanted position. When you drag the toolbar in this way you can release
the mouse button when it is some distance from any of &kspread;'s window
sides, and then you will get a floating toolbar, which is not locked to any
particular part of &kspread;'s window and can in fact be moved outside of
the window. To put a floating toolbar back into one of the traditional
positions <mousebutton>right</mousebutton> click on the its title bar to bring
up the <guilabel>Toolbar Menu</guilabel> then choose one of the options in
the <guisubmenu>Orientation</guisubmenu> sub menu.</para>
<para>You can also <quote>flatten</quote> a toolbar by <mousebutton>left
</mousebutton> clicking on the two vertical bars at the left end of the
toolbar or by selecting <menuchoice><guisubmenu>Orientation</guisubmenu>
<guimenuitem>Flat</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the <guilabel>Toolbar
Menu</guilabel>. A <quote>flattened</quote> toolbar appears as a small
rectangle containing two horizontal bars just under &kspread;'s Menubar. It
can be restored to normal by <mousebutton>left</mousebutton> clicking on it.
</para>
<para>Selecting <guimenuitem>Configure Toolbars...</guimenuitem> from the
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu> menu will bring up a dialog box which lets you add
buttons to or remove them from &kspread;'s toolbars.</para>
<para>To use this <guilabel>Configure Toolbars</guilabel> dialog box first
select a toolbar from the <guilabel>Toolbar:</guilabel> drop down list. The
right hand <guilabel>Current actions:</guilabel> window will then show the
buttons currently present on the toolbar. You can remove a button by selecting
it in this window then pressing the left arrow button, or move it around by
pressing the up and down arrow buttons. To add a new button to the toolbar
select it in the <guilabel>Available actions:</guilabel> list then press the
right arrow button.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="configdialog">
<title>The &kspread; Configuration Dialog Box</title>
<para>Selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Configure Kspread...</guimenuitem></menuchoice> opens a dialog box
with several pages, selected with the icons at the left of the dialog box,
which allow you to change many aspects of &kspread;'s operation.</para>
<sect1 id="configpref">
<title><guilabel>Preferences</guilabel></title>
<para>This page has a number of checkboxes which control how items are
displayed, entered or calculated:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show formula</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked &kspread; will display
the actual formulae in cells rather than the results.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show formula indicator</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked &kspread; will display a small blue
triangle at the bottom left corner of cells containing formulae.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show grid</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Controls whether or not the sheet grid lines are shown.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show column number</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked the column headings will show
as numbers rather than as letters.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>LC mode</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked the cell reference shown at the
left end of the Formula Bar will be displayed in LC mode
(<abbrev>i.e.</abbrev> L2C3) rather than in its normal form B3. This does not
seem to be of much use at the moment.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Automatic recalculation</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Controls whether formulae are recalculated
automatically when the value of any cell they refer to changes.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Hide zero</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked any cell containing the value
zero will appear blank.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Convert first letter to upper case</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check this box and the first letter of any text you
type in will automatically be converted to upper case.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configlocale">
<title><guilabel>Locale Parameters</guilabel></title>
<para>This page of &kspread;'s configuration dialog box shows how items
such as numbers, date, time and money are displayed.</para>
<para>If you have loaded a spreadsheet that was generated using a different
locale, then pressing the <guibutton>Update to Locale System</guibutton>
button on this page will update it to conform to your locale settings.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configinterface">
<title><guilabel>Interface</guilabel></title>
<para>This page of &kspread;'s configuration dialog box (obtained by selecting
<guimenuitem>Configure Kspread...</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Settings
</guimenu> menu) controls some more &kspread; features:</para>
<para></para>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Number of pages open at the beginning:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Controls how many worksheets will be created if the
option <guilabel>Start with an empty document</guilabel> is chosen when
&kspread; is started.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Number of recent file:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Controls the maximum number of filenames that are shown
when you select <menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>
Open Recent</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Auto save (min):</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Here you can select the time between autosaves, or disable
this feature alltogether by choosing <guimenuitem>No auto save</guimenuitem>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show vertical scrollbar</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check or uncheck this box to show or hide the vertical
scrollbar.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show horizontal scrollbar</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check or uncheck this box to show or hide the horizontal
scrollbar.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show column header</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check this box to show the column letters across the top of a
worksheet.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show row header</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check this box to show the row numbers down the left side.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show tabs</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>This checkbox controls whether the sheet tabs are shown
at the bottom of the worksheet.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show formula toolbar</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Here is where you can choose to show or hide the Formula bar.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show statusbar</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Uncheck this box if you do not want the Statusbar to appear.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configmisc">
<title><guilabel>Misc</guilabel></title>
<para>The <guilabel>Misc</guilabel> page of &kspread;'s configuration
dialog box contains the following items;</para>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Completion mode:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Lets you choose the (auto) text completion mode from a
range of options in the drop down selection box.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Value of indent:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Lets you define the amount of indenting used by the
<guimenuitem>Increase indent</guimenuitem> option in the <guimenu>Format
</guimenu> menu.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Press enter to move selection to:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>When you have selected a cell then press the <keysym>Enter
</keysym> key the selection will move one place to the left, right, up or
down as determined by the setting in this drop down selection box.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show error message</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked a message box will pop up when what
you have entered into a cell cannot be understood by &kspread;.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Method of calc:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>This drop down selection box can be used to choose the
calculation performed by the <link linkend="statusbarsum">Statusbar Summary
</link> function..
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Show comment indicator</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked cells containing comments will be
marked by a small red triangle at the top right corner.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configcolor">
<title><guilabel>Color</guilabel></title>
<para>This page of &kspread;'s configuration dialog box lets you choose the
color of the sheet grid. If you do not want the grid to appear at all uncheck
the <guilabel>Show grid</guilabel> box
in the <link linkend="configpref"><guilabel>Preferences</guilabel></link>
configuration page.</para>
<para>This page also lets you select the color of the lines used to indicate
the printed page borders when the <guimenuitem>Show Page Borders</guimenuitem>
box in the <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu is checked.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configpagelayout">
<title><guilabel>Page layout</guilabel></title>
<para>This page of &kspread;'s configuration dialog box lets you set up the
default page size, orientation and units used by the printer and by the
<guilabel>Page Layout</guilabel> dialog box (obtained by selecting
<guimenuitem>Paper Layout...</guimenuitem> from the <guimenu>Format
</guimenu> menu.</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="configspelling">
<title><guilabel>Spelling</guilabel></title>
<para>This page lets you configure the behavior of &kspread;'s spelling
checker.</para>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Create root/affix combinations not in dictionary</guilabel>
</term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked then when &kspread; finds a word in
the document which it does not recognise but which consists of a recognised
root word plus a recognised prefix or suffix it will accept it, whereas if
the box is not checked the spelling checker will reject it.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Consider run-together words as spelling errors</guilabel>
</term>
<listitem><para>If this box is checked then common words which are run
together will be considered to be spelling errors, for example <emphasis>
cannot</emphasis>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Dictionary:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>This drop down selection box can be used to select
alternative dictionaries.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Encoding:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>To select the character encoding that should be used.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Client:</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>This dropdown box lets you select between different spell
checking programs that may be present on your computer.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><guilabel>Ignore uppercase words</guilabel></term>
<listitem><para>Check this box if you want the spellchecker to ignore
uppercase words, which are usually acronyms such as &kde;.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="commands">
<title>Command Reference</title>
<sect1 id="filemenu">
<title>The File Menu</title>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Create a new document.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>O</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Open...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Open an existing document.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Open Recent</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Open an existing document</action> by selecting it
from a drop down list of recently used files.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Save the document.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Save the document with a new name or format.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Create Template From Document...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para>Create a &kspread; <link linkend="templates">template</link>
based on this document.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>P</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Print...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Print the document.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Print Preview...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>View the document as it will be printed.</action></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Document information...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>View or enter information about the document and
author.</action></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Send File...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Send the file as an email attachment.</action></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>W</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Close</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Close the current document but leave &kspread; running.
</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Q</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>File</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Quit</action> &kspread;.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="editmenu">
<title>The Edit Menu</title>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Undo the last action.</action></para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;&Shift;<keycap>Z</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Redo the last undone action.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>X</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Put selected item(s) into the clipboard.</action> If you then
do a <guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem> the item(s) will be moved from the
original location to the new one.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>C</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Copy selected item(s) to the clipboard.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>V</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Paste item(s) from the clipboard to the selected
cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Special forms of Paste.
</action> See the sections <link linkend="specialpaste">Other Paste
Modes</link> and <link linkend="sumspecialpaste">Arithmetic using Special
Paste</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>F</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Find...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Find cell containing given text.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>R</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Replace...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Find and replace given text in cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Clear</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Clear text, Comment, Validity or Conditional Cell
Attributes from selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Delete</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Delete everything from selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Conditional Cell Attributes...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Add or modify conditional cell attributes.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Validity...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set or modify the error checking criteria and error
alert message for selected cell(s).</action> See <link linkend="validcheck">
Validity Checking</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>M</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Edit</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Modify Cell</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>To modify selected cell in-situ.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="viewmenu">
<title>The View Menu</title>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>New View</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Open a new instance of &kspread;.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Close All Views</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Close all open instances of &kspread;.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Split View</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Split current view into two parts.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Remove View</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Remove current view.</action> (Where the window
contains two or more views)
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Splitter Orientation</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change view split to horizontal or vertical.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Goto Cell...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change &kspread;'s focus to show defined cell.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Page Borders</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Toggle marking of printed page borders in the sheet
with red lines.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>View</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Zoom</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Increase or decrease the magnification used to display
the spreadsheet.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="insertmenu">
<title>The Insert Menu</title>
<para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Sheet</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Add another worksheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Cell Comment</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Add, modify or remove cell comment.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Function...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert a mathematical function.</action> See the
section <link linkend="formulas">Formulae</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Series...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert a series.</action> See the section
<link linkend="series">Series</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Link...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert a link into the selected cell.</action>
See the section
<link linkend="hyper">Link Cells</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Object...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>This feature is not yet fully implemented.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Chart</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert a chart.</action> See the section
<link linkend="insertchart">Inserting a Chart</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Insert</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>External Data</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert data from a text file, database or from the
clipboard.</action> See the section <link linkend="insertdata">Inserting
External Data</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="formatmenu">
<title>The Format Menu</title>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Alt;&Ctrl;<keycap>F</keycap></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Cell Format...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Format selected cell(s).</action> See the
<link linkend="formatspread">Spreadsheet Formatting</link> section for more
details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Paper Layout...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Format printed page layout.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Print Range</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Define or reset the print range.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Sheet</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Remove, hide or show worksheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Adjust Row and Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set row and column sizes to show selected cell(s)
properly.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Row</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Resize, equalize, hide or show row(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Resize, equalize, hide or show column(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Default</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set default format for selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Percent Format</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set percent format for selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Increase Precision</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Increase displayed precision of numbers in selected
cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Decrease Precision</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Decrease displayed precision of numbers in selected
cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Money Format</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set money format for selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Increase Indent</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Move text in selected cell(s) to the right.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Decrease Indent</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Move text in selected cell(s) to the left.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Format</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Change Angle...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change angle of displayed text in selected cell(s).
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="datamenu">
<title>The Data Menu</title>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Sort...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Sort data in selected cells.</action> See the section
<link linkend="sort">Sorting Data</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Sort Increasing</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Sort data in selected cells so that values are in
increasing order.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Sort Decreasing</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Sort data in selected cells so that values are in
decreasing order.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert Column(s)</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert new column(s) at left of selected column(s).
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert Row(s)</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert new row(s) above selected row(s).
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Delete Column(s)</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Delete selected column(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Delete Row(s)</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Delete selected row(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Insert Cell(s)...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert new cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Remove Cell(s)...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Remove selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Merge Cells</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Merge selected cells.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Dissociate Cells</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Dissociate (split apart) previously merged cells.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Area...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change &kspread;'s focus to show a previously
named area.</action> See the section <link linkend="namedareas">Named Cells
and Areas</link> for further details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Goal Seek</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Open the Goal Seek dialog box</action>. See
<link linkend="goalseek">Goal Seeking</link> for details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Consolidate...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Consolidate data.</action> See the section
<link linkend="consolidate">Consolidating Data</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Data</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Text to Columns</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para>This option attempts to interpret text in the selected cell(s)
as <link linkend="csvdata"><acronym>CSV</acronym></link> data, placing each
item into a different cell in the row.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="toolsmenu">
<title>The Tools Menu</title>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Spelling...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Check spelling of words in the worksheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Custom Lists...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>View or amend the special series of words recognised
by &kspread;.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keycombo action="simul">&Shift;<keysym>F9</keysym></keycombo>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Recalculate Sheet</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Recalculate formulae in the current sheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<shortcut>
<keysym>F9</keysym>
</shortcut>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Recalculate Workbook</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Recalculate all sheets.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Calculator</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Open an instance of the desktop calculator &kcalc;.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="settingsmenu">
<title>The Settings Menu</title>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show File Toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Show or hide the File toolbar.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Edit Toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Show or hide the Edit toolbar.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Math Toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Show or hide the Math toolbar.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Format Toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Show or hide the Format toolbar.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Show Color/Border Toolbar</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Show or hide the Color/Border toolbar.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Configure Shortcuts...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Configure the keyboard shortcuts used by &kspread;.
</action> See the section on <link linkend="configshort">configuring shortcuts
</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Configure Toolbars...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Configure the toolbars.</action> The section on
<link linkend="configtoolbars">configuring toolbars</link> has more
information.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenu>Settings</guimenu>
<guimenuitem>Configure &kspread;...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>General &kspread; configuration.</action> See the
section on <link linkend="configdialog">&kspread; configuration</link> for
more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="helpmenu">
<title>The <guimenu>Help</guimenu> Menu</title>
&help.menu.documentation;
</sect1>
<sect1 id="rmbmenu">
<title>The Right Mouse Button Menu</title>
<para>This section describes the items in the pop up menu obtained by
<mousebutton>right</mousebutton> clicking on a selected cell or cells,
row(s) or column(s).
</para>
<para><variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Cell Format...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Format selected cell(s).</action> See the
<link linkend="formatspread">Spreadsheet Formatting</link> section for more
details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Put selected item(s) into the clipboard.</action> If
you then do a <guilabel>Paste</guilabel> the item(s) will be moved from the
original location to the new one.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Copy selected item(s) into the clipboard.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Paste item(s) from the clipboard to the selected cells.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Special Paste...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Special forms of Paste.
</action> See the sections <link linkend="specialpaste">Other Paste
Modes</link> and <link linkend="sumspecialpaste">Arithmetic using Special
Paste</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Paste with Insertion...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Paste from the clipboard to the selected cell(s), moving the
previous cell(s) to make room.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Delete</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Delete contents of selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Adjust Row and Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change size of row and column to display selected
cell(s) completely.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Resize Row...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change height of selected row.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Adjust Row</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change height of selected row to display cell(s)
completely.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Resize Column...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change width of selected column.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Adjust Column</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Change width of selected column to display cell(s)
completely.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Default</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Set default formats for selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Area Name...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Name selected area.</action> See the section
<link linkend="namedareas">Named Areas</link> for more details.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Insert Cell(s)...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Insert new cell(s) at selected location, moving
existing cell(s) to make room.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Remove Cell(s)...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Remove selected cell(s), moving other cell(s) to
occupy the space left by the removed cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Add/Modify Comment...</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Add or modify a comment to the selected cell.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><menuchoice>
<guimenuitem>Show Related Words</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice></term>
<listitem><para><action>Opens the Related Words dialog box.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist></para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="othershort">
<title>Other Shortcuts</title>
<para>This section describes those &kspread; shortcut keys used for operations
that do not appear in any of the menues.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>Arrow keys</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>If the selected cell is occupied then move the
selection to the start or end of the occupied block in the current row or
column. If the selected cell is not occupied then move the selection to
the start or end of the block of unoccupied cells in the current row or column.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;&Shift;<keysym>Arrow keys</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>If the selected cell is occupied then select all
occupied cells to the start or end of that block of ocupied cells in the
current row or column.
If the selected cell is not occupied then select all unoccupied cells to the
start or end of that block of unoccupied cells in the current row or column.
</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keysym>Page Down</keysym>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Move the selection 10 cells down.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keysym>Page Up</keysym>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Move the selection 10 cells up.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>Page Down</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Move to the next sheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>Page Up</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Move to the previous sheet.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keysym>F4</keysym>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Change cell reference</action> between normal and
<link linkend="absolute">absolute reference</link> types.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>&</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Add a border to the selected cell(s).</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>$</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in Money
format.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>%</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in
Percentage format.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>^</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in
Scientific format.</action>
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>#</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in
Date format</action>. The value is taken as the number of days since
1 January 1900.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>@</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in
Time format</action>. The value is taken as the number of seconds since
midnight.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keysym>!</keysym></keycombo>
</term>
<listitem><para><action>Display the value of the selected cell(s) in
normal Number format</action>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
</chapter>
<chapter id="faq">
<title>Questions and Answers</title>
<qandaset>
<qandaentry>
<question><para>How many rows and columns can I have in a sheet?</para>
</question>
<answer><para>Theoretically up to 32767 rows and 32767 columns.</para></answer>
</qandaentry>
<qandaentry>
<question><para>Where are the templates stored?</para>
</question>
<answer><para>As <literal role="extension">.kst</literal> files under
<filename>~/.kde/share/apps/kspread/templates/</filename>.
</para></answer>
</qandaentry>
</qandaset>
</chapter>
<chapter id="credits">
<title>Credits and License</title>
<para>
&kspread;
</para>
<para>
Program copyright 1998-2002 The KSpread Team:
</para>
<para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Torben Weis <email>weis@kde.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Laurent Montel <email>lmontel@mandrakesoft.com</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>David Faure <email>faure@kde.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>John Dailey <email>dailey@vt.edu</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Philipp Müller <email>philipp.mueller@gmx.de</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Anya Hidayat <email>anya@tf.itb.ac.id</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Norbert Andres <email>nandres@web.de</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Shaheed Haque <email>srhaque@iee.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Werner Trobin <email>trobin@kde.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Nikolas Zimmerman <email>wildfox@kde.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Helge Deller <email>deller@gmx.de</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Percy Leonhart <email>percy@eris23.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Eva Brucherseifer <email>eva@kde.org</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Phillip Ezolt <email>phillipezolt@hotmail.com</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Enno Bartels <email>ebartels@nwn.de</email></para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Graham Short <email>grahshrt@netscape.net</email></para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
Documentation copyright 2002 Pamela Roberts
<email>pamroberts@blueyonder.co.uk</email>
</para>
<!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS -->
&underFDL; <!-- FDL: do not remove -->
<!-- Determine which license your application is licensed under,
and delete all the remaining licenses below:
(NOTE: All documentation are licensed under the FDL,
regardless of what license the application uses) -->
&underGPL; <!-- GPL License -->
<!-- &underBSDLicense; --> <!-- BSD License -->
<!-- &underArtisticLicense; --> <!-- BSD Artistic License -->
<!-- &underX11License; --> <!-- X11 License -->
</chapter>
<appendix id="installation">
<title>Installation</title>
<para>&kspread; is part of the &kde;'s &koffice; package and uses various
&koffice; libraries. &koffice; itself is part of and depends on the
general &kde; libraries.</para>
<para>For instructions on acquiring and installing &kde;, &koffice; and
&kspread; please visit
<ulink url="http://www.kde.org">http://www.kde.org</ulink> and
<ulink url="http://www.koffice.org">http://www.koffice.org</ulink>.</para>
</appendix>
&documentation.index;
</book>
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