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<H2><A NAME="Appendice A"></A> <A NAME="s38">38. Appendice A - Sintassi di ANSI/ISO SQL 1992 </A></H2>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
Questo file contiene una rappresentazione, trasversale ed alquanto profonda,
degli alberi sintattici del BNF per il linguaggio realizzato intorno al
27-AUG-1992 11:03:41.64.
La versione specifica del BNF qui acclusa è: solo ANSI, solo SQL2.
<SQL terminal character> ::=
<SQL language character>
| <SQL embedded language character>
<SQL language character> ::=
<simple Latin letter>
| <digit>
| <SQL special character>
<simple Latin letter> ::=
<simple Latin upper case letter>
| <simple Latin lower case letter>
<simple Latin upper case letter> ::=
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O
| P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
<simple Latin lower case letter> ::=
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o
| p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z
<digit> ::=
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
<SQL special character> ::=
<space>
| <double quote>
| <percent>
| <ampersand>
| <quote>
| <left paren>
| <right paren>
| <asterisk>
| <plus sign>
| <comma>
| <minus sign>
| <period>
| <solidus>
| <colon>
| <semicolon>
| <less than operator>
| <equals operator>
| <greater than operator>
| <question mark>
| <underscore>
| <vertical bar>
<space> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(space character in character set in use)
<double quote> ::= "
<percent> ::= %
<ampersand> ::= &
<quote> ::= '
<left paren> ::= (
<right paren> ::= )
<asterisk> ::= *
<plus sign> ::= +
<comma> ::= ,
<minus sign> ::= -
<period> ::= .
<solidus> ::= /
<colon> ::= :
<semicolon> ::= ;
<less than operator> ::= <
<equals operator> ::= =
<greater than operator> ::= >
<question mark> ::= ?
<underscore> ::= _
<vertical bar> ::= |
<SQL embedded language character> ::=
<left bracket>
| <right bracket>
<left bracket> ::= [
<right bracket> ::= ]
<token> ::=
<nondelimiter token>
| <delimiter token>
<nondelimiter token> ::=
<regular identifier>
| <key word>
| <unsigned numeric literal>
| <national character string literal>
| <bit string literal>
| <hex string literal>
<regular identifier> ::= <identifier body>
<identifier body> ::=
<identifier start> [ ( <underscore> | <identifier part> )... ]
<identifier start> ::= <EMPHASIS>(!! See the Syntax Rules)
<identifier part> ::=
<identifier start>
| <digit>
<key word> ::=
<reserved word>
| <non-reserved word>
<reserved word> ::=
ABSOLUTE | ACTION | ADD | ALL
| ALLOCATE | ALTER | AND
| ANY | ARE
| AS | ASC
| ASSERTION | AT
| AUTHORIZATION | AVG
| BEGIN | BETWEEN | BIT | BIT_LENGTH
| BOTH | BY
| CASCADE | CASCADED | CASE | CAST
| CATALOG
| CHAR | CHARACTER | CHAR_LENGTH
| CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHECK | CLOSE | COALESCE
| COLLATE | COLLATION
| COLUMN | COMMIT
| CONNECT
| CONNECTION | CONSTRAINT
| CONSTRAINTS | CONTINUE
| CONVERT | CORRESPONDING | COUNT | CREATE | CROSS
| CURRENT
| CURRENT_DATE | CURRENT_TIME
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | CURRENT_USER | CURSOR
| DATE | DAY | DEALLOCATE | DEC
| DECIMAL | DECLARE | DEFAULT | DEFERRABLE
| DEFERRED | DELETE | DESC | DESCRIBE | DESCRIPTOR
| DIAGNOSTICS
| DISCONNECT | DISTINCT | DOMAIN | DOUBLE | DROP
| ELSE | END | END-EXEC | ESCAPE
| EXCEPT | EXCEPTION
| EXEC | EXECUTE | EXISTS
| EXTERNAL | EXTRACT
| FALSE | FETCH | FIRST | FLOAT | FOR
| FOREIGN | FOUND | FROM | FULL
| GET | GLOBAL | GO | GOTO
| GRANT | GROUP
| HAVING | HOUR
| IDENTITY | IMMEDIATE | IN | INDICATOR
| INITIALLY | INNER | INPUT
| INSENSITIVE | INSERT | INT | INTEGER | INTERSECT
| INTERVAL | INTO | IS
| ISOLATION
| JOIN
| KEY
| LANGUAGE | LAST | LEADING | LEFT
| LEVEL | LIKE | LOCAL | LOWER
| MATCH | MAX | MIN | MINUTE | MODULE
| MONTH
| NAMES | NATIONAL | NATURAL | NCHAR | NEXT | NO
| NOT | NULL
| NULLIF | NUMERIC
| OCTET_LENGTH | OF
| ON | ONLY | OPEN | OPTION | OR
| ORDER | OUTER
| OUTPUT | OVERLAPS
| PAD | PARTIAL | POSITION | PRECISION | PREPARE
| PRESERVE | PRIMARY
| PRIOR | PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE | PUBLIC
| READ | REAL | REFERENCES | RELATIVE | RESTRICT
| REVOKE | RIGHT
| ROLLBACK | ROWS
| SCHEMA | SCROLL | SECOND | SECTION
| SELECT
| SESSION | SESSION_USER | SET
| SIZE | SMALLINT | SOME | SPACE | SQL | SQLCODE
| SQLERROR | SQLSTATE
| SUBSTRING | SUM | SYSTEM_USER
| TABLE | TEMPORARY
| THEN | TIME | TIMESTAMP
| TIMEZONE_HOUR | TIMEZONE_MINUTE
| TO | TRAILING | TRANSACTION
| TRANSLATE | TRANSLATION | TRIM | TRUE
| UNION | UNIQUE | UNKNOWN | UPDATE | UPPER | USAGE
| USER | USING
| VALUE | VALUES | VARCHAR | VARYING | VIEW
| WHEN | WHENEVER | WHERE | WITH | WORK | WRITE
| YEAR
| ZONE
<non-reserved word> ::=
ADA
| C | CATALOG_NAME
| CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG | CHARACTER_SET_NAME
| CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA | CLASS_ORIGIN | COBOL | COLLATION_CATALOG
| COLLATION_NAME | COLLATION_SCHEMA | COLUMN_NAME | COMMAND_FUNCTION
| COMMITTED
| CONDITION_NUMBER | CONNECTION_NAME | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG | CONSTRAINT_NAME
| CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA | CURSOR_NAME
| DATA | DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION | DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
| FORTRAN
| LENGTH
| MESSAGE_LENGTH | MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH | MESSAGE_TEXT | MORE | MUMPS
| NAME | NULLABLE | NUMBER
| PASCAL | PLI
| REPEATABLE | RETURNED_LENGTH | RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH | RETURNED_SQLSTATE
| ROW_COUNT
| SCALE | SCHEMA_NAME | SERIALIZABLE | SERVER_NAME | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
| TABLE_NAME | TYPE
| UNCOMMITTED | UNNAMED
<unsigned numeric literal> ::=
<exact numeric literal>
| <approximate numeric literal>
<exact numeric literal> ::=
<unsigned integer> [ <period> [ <unsigned integer> ] ]
| <period> <unsigned integer>
<unsigned integer> ::= <digit>...
<approximate numeric literal> ::= <mantissa> E <exponent>
<mantissa> ::= <exact numeric literal>
<exponent> ::= <signed integer>
<signed integer> ::= [ <sign> ] <unsigned integer>
<sign> ::= <plus sign> | <minus sign>
<national character string literal> ::=
N <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
[ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ]
<character representation> ::=
<nonquote character>
| <quote symbol>
<nonquote character> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<quote symbol> ::= <quote><quote>
<separator> ::= ( <comment> | <space> | <newline> )...
<comment> ::=
<comment introducer> [ <comment character>... ] <newline>
<comment introducer> ::= <minus sign><minus sign>[<minus sign>...]
<comment character> ::=
<nonquote character>
| <quote>
<newline> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(implementation-defined end-of-line indicator)
<bit string literal> ::=
B <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote>
[ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <bit>... ] <quote> )... ]
<bit> ::= 0 | 1
<hex string literal> ::=
X <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote>
[ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <hexit>... ] <quote> )... ]
<hexit> ::= <digit> | A | B | C | D | E | F | a | b | c | d | e | f
<delimiter token> ::=
<character string literal>
| <date string>
| <time string>
| <timestamp string>
| <interval string>
| <delimited identifier>
| <SQL special character>
| <not equals operator>
| <greater than or equals operator>
| <less than or equals operator>
| <concatenation operator>
| <double period>
| <left bracket>
| <right bracket>
<character string literal> ::=
[ <introducer><character set specification> ]
<quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote>
[ ( <separator>... <quote> [ <character representation>... ] <quote> )... ]
<introducer> ::= <underscore>
<character set specification> ::=
<standard character repertoire name>
| <implementation-defined character repertoire name>
| <user-defined character repertoire name>
| <standard universal character form-of-use name>
| <implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name>
<standard character repertoire name> ::= <character set name>
<character set name> ::= [ <schema name> <period> ]
<SQL language identifier>
<schema name> ::=
[ <catalog name> <period> ] <unqualified schema name>
<catalog name> ::= <identifier>
<identifier> ::=
[ <introducer><character set specification> ] <actual identifier>
<actual identifier> ::=
<regular identifier>
| <delimited identifier>
<delimited identifier> ::=
<double quote> <delimited identifier body> <double quote>
<delimited identifier body> ::= <delimited identifier part>...
<delimited identifier part> ::=
<nondoublequote character>
| <doublequote symbol>
<nondoublequote character> ::= <EMPHASIS>(!! See the Syntax Rules)
<doublequote symbol> ::= <double quote><double quote>
<unqualified schema name> ::= <identifier>
<SQL language identifier> ::=
<SQL language identifier start>
[ ( <underscore> | <SQL language identifier part> )... ]
<SQL language identifier start> ::= <simple Latin letter>
<SQL language identifier part> ::=
<simple Latin letter>
| <digit>
<implementation-defined character repertoire name> ::=
<character set name>
<user-defined character repertoire name> ::= <character set name>
<standard universal character form-of-use name> ::=
<character set name>
<implementation-defined universal character form-of-use name> ::=
<character set name>
<date string> ::=
<quote> <date value> <quote>
<date value> ::=
<years value> <minus sign> <months value>
<minus sign> <days value>
<years value> ::= <datetime value>
<datetime value> ::= <unsigned integer>
<months value> ::= <datetime value>
<days value> ::= <datetime value>
<time string> ::=
<quote> <time value> [ <time zone interval> ] <quote>
<time value> ::=
<hours value> <colon> <minutes value> <colon> <seconds value>
<hours value> ::= <datetime value>
<minutes value> ::= <datetime value>
<seconds value> ::=
<seconds integer value> [ <period> [ <seconds fraction> ] ]
<seconds integer value> ::= <unsigned integer>
<seconds fraction> ::= <unsigned integer>
<time zone interval> ::=
<sign> <hours value> <colon> <minutes value>
<timestamp string> ::=
<quote> <date value> <space> <time value>
[ <time zone interval> ] <quote>
<interval string> ::=
<quote> ( <year-month literal> | <day-time literal> ) <quote>
<year-month literal> ::=
<years value>
| [ <years value> <minus sign> ] <months value>
<day-time literal> ::=
<day-time interval>
| <time interval>
<day-time interval> ::=
<days value>
[ <space> <hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value>
[ <colon> <seconds value> ] ] ]
<time interval> ::=
<hours value> [ <colon> <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ] ]
| <minutes value> [ <colon> <seconds value> ]
| <seconds value>
<not equals operator> ::= <>
<greater than or equals operator> ::= >=
<less than or equals operator> ::= <=
<concatenation operator> ::= ||
<double period> ::= ..
<module> ::=
<module name clause>
<language clause>
<module authorization clause>
[ <temporary table declaration>... ]
<module contents>...
<module name clause> ::=
MODULE [ <module name> ]
[ <module character set specification> ]
<module name> ::= <identifier>
<module character set specification> ::=
NAMES ARE <character set specification>
<language clause> ::=
LANGUAGE <language name>
<language name> ::=
ADA | C | COBOL | FORTRAN | MUMPS | PASCAL | PLI
<module authorization clause> ::=
SCHEMA <schema name>
| AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>
| SCHEMA <schema name>
AUTHORIZATION <module authorization identifier>
<module authorization identifier> ::=
<authorization identifier>
<authorization identifier> ::= <identifier>
<temporary table declaration> ::=
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE
<qualified local table name>
<table element list>
[ ON COMMIT ( PRESERVE | DELETE ) ROWS ]
<qualified local table name> ::=
MODULE <period> <local table name>
<local table name> ::= <qualified identifier>
<qualified identifier> ::= <identifier>
<table element list> ::=
<left paren> <table element> [ ( <comma> <table element> )... ] <right paren>
<table element> ::=
<column definition>
| <table constraint definition>
<column definition> ::=
<column name> ( <data type> | <domain name> )
[ <default clause> ]
[ <column constraint definition>... ]
[ <collate clause> ]
<column name> ::= <identifier>
<data type> ::=
<character string type>
[ CHARACTER SET <character set specification> ]
| <national character string type>
| <bit string type>
| <numeric type>
| <datetime type>
| <interval type>
<character string type> ::=
CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| VARCHAR <left paren> <length> <right paren>
<length> ::= <unsigned integer>
<national character string type> ::=
NATIONAL CHARACTER [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NATIONAL CHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NCHAR [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| NATIONAL CHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
| NCHAR VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
<bit string type> ::=
BIT [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ]
| BIT VARYING <left paren> <length> <right paren>
<numeric type> ::=
<exact numeric type>
| <approximate numeric type>
<exact numeric type> ::=
NUMERIC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| DECIMAL [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| DEC [ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| INTEGER
| INT
| SMALLINT
<precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<scale> ::= <unsigned integer>
<approximate numeric type> ::=
FLOAT [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
| REAL
| DOUBLE PRECISION
<datetime type> ::=
DATE
| TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]
[ WITH TIME ZONE ]
| TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]
[ WITH TIME ZONE ]
<time precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>
<time fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<timestamp precision> ::= <time fractional seconds precision>
<interval type> ::= INTERVAL <interval qualifier>
<interval qualifier> ::=
<start field> TO <end field>
| <single datetime field>
<start field> ::=
<non-second datetime field>
[ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
<non-second datetime field> ::= YEAR | MONTH | DAY | HOUR
| MINUTE
<interval leading field precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<end field> ::=
<non-second datetime field>
| SECOND [ <left paren> <interval fractional seconds precision> <right paren> ]
<interval fractional seconds precision> ::= <unsigned integer>
<single datetime field> ::=
<non-second datetime field>
[ <left paren> <interval leading field precision> <right paren> ]
| SECOND [ <left paren> <interval leading field precision>
[ <comma> <interval fractional seconds precision> ] <right paren> ]
<domain name> ::= <qualified name>
<qualified name> ::=
[ <schema name> <period> ] <qualified identifier>
<default clause> ::=
DEFAULT <default option>
<default option> ::=
<literal>
| <datetime value function>
| USER
| CURRENT_USER
| SESSION_USER
| SYSTEM_USER
| NULL
<literal> ::=
<signed numeric literal>
| <general literal>
<signed numeric literal> ::=
[ <sign> ] <unsigned numeric literal>
<general literal> ::=
<character string literal>
| <national character string literal>
| <bit string literal>
| <hex string literal>
| <datetime literal>
| <interval literal>
<datetime literal> ::=
<date literal>
| <time literal>
| <timestamp literal>
<date literal> ::=
DATE <date string>
<time literal> ::=
TIME <time string>
<timestamp literal> ::=
TIMESTAMP <timestamp string>
<interval literal> ::=
INTERVAL [ <sign> ] <interval string> <interval qualifier>
<datetime value function> ::=
<current date value function>
| <current time value function>
| <current timestamp value function>
<current date value function> ::= CURRENT_DATE
<current time value function> ::=
CURRENT_TIME [ <left paren> <time precision> <right paren> ]
<current timestamp value function> ::=
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP [ <left paren> <timestamp precision> <right paren> ]
<column constraint definition> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ]
<column constraint>
[ <constraint attributes> ]
<constraint name definition> ::= CONSTRAINT <constraint name>
<constraint name> ::= <qualified name>
<column constraint> ::=
NOT NULL
| <unique specification>
| <references specification>
| <check constraint definition>
<unique specification> ::=
UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY
<references specification> ::=
REFERENCES <referenced table and columns>
[ MATCH <match type> ]
[ <referential triggered action> ]
<referenced table and columns> ::=
<table name> [ <left paren> <reference column list> <right paren> ]
<table name> ::=
<qualified name>
| <qualified local table name>
<reference column list> ::= <column name list>
<column name list> ::=
<column name> [ ( <comma> <column name> )... ]
<match type> ::=
FULL
| PARTIAL
<referential triggered action> ::=
<update rule> [ <delete rule> ]
| <delete rule> [ <update rule> ]
<update rule> ::= ON UPDATE <referential action>
<referential action> ::=
CASCADE
| SET NULL
| SET DEFAULT
| NO ACTION
<delete rule> ::= ON DELETE <referential action>
<check constraint definition> ::=
CHECK
<left paren> <search condition> <right paren>
<search condition> ::=
<boolean term>
| <search condition> OR <boolean term>
<boolean term> ::=
<boolean factor>
| <boolean term> AND <boolean factor>
<boolean factor> ::=
[ NOT ] <boolean test>
<boolean test> ::=
<boolean primary> [ IS [ NOT ]
<truth value> ]
<boolean primary> ::=
<predicate>
| <left paren> <search condition> <right paren>
<predicate> ::=
<comparison predicate>
| <between predicate>
| <in predicate>
| <like predicate>
| <null predicate>
| <quantified comparison predicate>
| <exists predicate>
| <unique predicate>
| <match predicate>
| <overlaps predicate>
<comparison predicate> ::=
<row value constructor> <comp op>
<row value constructor>
<row value constructor> ::=
<row value constructor element>
| <left paren> <row value constructor list> <right paren>
| <row subquery>
<row value constructor element> ::=
<value expression>
| <null specification>
| <default specification>
<value expression> ::=
<numeric value expression>
| <string value expression>
| <datetime value expression>
| <interval value expression>
<numeric value expression> ::=
<term>
| <numeric value expression> <plus sign> <term>
| <numeric value expression> <minus sign> <term>
<term> ::=
<factor>
| <term> <asterisk> <factor>
| <term> <solidus> <factor>
<factor> ::=
[ <sign> ] <numeric primary>
<numeric primary> ::=
<value expression primary>
| <numeric value function>
<value expression primary> ::=
<unsigned value specification>
| <column reference>
| <set function specification>
| <scalar subquery>
| <case expression>
| <left paren> <value expression> <right paren>
| <cast specification>
<unsigned value specification> ::=
<unsigned literal>
| <general value specification>
<unsigned literal> ::=
<unsigned numeric literal>
| <general literal>
<general value specification> ::=
<parameter specification>
| <dynamic parameter specification>
| <variable specification>
| USER
| CURRENT_USER
| SESSION_USER
| SYSTEM_USER
| VALUE
<parameter specification> ::=
<parameter name> [ <indicator parameter> ]
<parameter name> ::= <colon> <identifier>
<indicator parameter> ::=
[ INDICATOR ] <parameter name>
<dynamic parameter specification> ::= <question mark>
<variable specification> ::=
<embedded variable name> [ <indicator variable> ]
<embedded variable name> ::=
<colon><host identifier>
<host identifier> ::=
<Ada host identifier>
| <C host identifier>
| <COBOL host identifier>
| <Fortran host identifier>
| <MUMPS host identifier>
| <Pascal host identifier>
| <PL/I host identifier>
<Ada host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<C host identifier> ::=
!! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<COBOL host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<Fortran host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<MUMPS host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<Pascal host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<PL/I host identifier> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<indicator variable> ::=
[ INDICATOR ] <embedded variable name>
<column reference> ::= [ <qualifier> <period> ] <column name>
<qualifier> ::=
<table name>
| <correlation name>
<correlation name> ::= <identifier>
<set function specification> ::=
COUNT <left paren> <asterisk> <right paren>
| <general set function>
<general set function> ::=
<set function type>
<left paren> [ <set quantifier> ] <value expression> <right paren>
<set function type> ::=
AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT
<set quantifier> ::= DISTINCT | ALL
<scalar subquery> ::= <subquery>
<subquery> ::= <left paren> <query expression> <right paren>
<query expression> ::=
<non-join query expression>
| <joined table>
<non-join query expression> ::=
<non-join query term>
| <query expression> UNION [ ALL ]
[ <corresponding spec> ] <query term>
| <query expression> EXCEPT [ ALL ]
[ <corresponding spec> ] <query term>
<non-join query term> ::=
<non-join query primary>
| <query term> INTERSECT [ ALL ]
[ <corresponding spec> ] <query primary>
<non-join query primary> ::=
<simple table>
| <left paren> <non-join query expression> <right paren>
<simple table> ::=
<query specification>
| <table value constructor>
| <explicit table>
<query specification> ::=
SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list> <table expression>
<select list> ::=
<asterisk>
| <select sublist> [ ( <comma> <select sublist> )... ]
<select sublist> ::=
<derived column>
| <qualifier> <period> <asterisk>
<derived column> ::= <value expression> [ <as clause> ]
<as clause> ::= [ AS ] <column name>
<table expression> ::=
<from clause>
[ <where clause> ]
[ <group by clause> ]
[ <having clause> ]
<from clause> ::= FROM <table reference>
[ ( <comma> <table reference> )... ]
<table reference> ::=
<table name> [ [ AS ] <correlation name>
[ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ] ]
| <derived table> [ AS ] <correlation name>
[ <left paren> <derived column list> <right paren> ]
| <joined table>
<derived column list> ::= <column name list>
<derived table> ::= <table subquery>
<table subquery> ::= <subquery>
<joined table> ::=
<cross join>
| <qualified join>
| <left paren> <joined table> <right paren>
<cross join> ::=
<table reference> CROSS JOIN <table reference>
<qualified join> ::=
<table reference> [ NATURAL ] [ <join type> ] JOIN
<table reference> [ <join specification> ]
<join type> ::=
INNER
| <outer join type> [ OUTER ]
| UNION
<outer join type> ::=
LEFT
| RIGHT
| FULL
<join specification> ::=
<join condition>
| <named columns join>
<join condition> ::= ON <search condition>
<named columns join> ::=
USING <left paren> <join column list> <right paren>
<join column list> ::= <column name list>
<where clause> ::= WHERE <search condition>
<group by clause> ::=
GROUP BY <grouping column reference list>
<grouping column reference list> ::=
<grouping column reference>
[ ( <comma> <grouping column reference> )... ]
<grouping column reference> ::=
<column reference> [ <collate clause> ]
<collate clause> ::= COLLATE <collation name>
<collation name> ::= <qualified name>
<having clause> ::= HAVING <search condition>
<table value constructor> ::=
VALUES <table value constructor list>
<table value constructor list> ::=
<row value constructor> [ ( <comma> <row value constructor> )... ]
<explicit table> ::= TABLE <table name>
<query term> ::=
<non-join query term>
| <joined table>
<corresponding spec> ::=
CORRESPONDING [ BY <left paren> <corresponding column list> <right paren> ]
<corresponding column list> ::= <column name list>
<query primary> ::=
<non-join query primary>
| <joined table>
<case expression> ::=
<case abbreviation>
| <case specification>
<case abbreviation> ::=
NULLIF <left paren> <value expression> <comma>
<value expression> <right paren>
| COALESCE <left paren> <value expression>
( <comma> <value expression> )... <right paren>
<case specification> ::=
<simple case>
| <searched case>
<simple case> ::=
CASE <case operand>
<simple when clause>...
[ <else clause> ]
END
<case operand> ::= <value expression>
<simple when clause> ::= WHEN <when operand> THEN <result>
<when operand> ::= <value expression>
<result> ::= <result expression> | NULL
<result expression> ::= <value expression>
<else clause> ::= ELSE <result>
<searched case> ::=
CASE
<searched when clause>...
[ <else clause> ]
END
<searched when clause> ::= WHEN <search condition> THEN <result>
<cast specification> ::=
CAST <left paren> <cast operand> AS
<cast target> <right paren>
<cast operand> ::=
<value expression>
| NULL
<cast target> ::=
<domain name>
| <data type>
<numeric value function> ::=
<position expression>
| <extract expression>
| <length expression>
<position expression> ::=
POSITION <left paren> <character value expression>
IN <character value expression> <right paren>
<character value expression> ::=
<concatenation>
| <character factor>
<concatenation> ::=
<character value expression> <concatenation operator>
<character factor>
<character factor> ::=
<character primary> [ <collate clause> ]
<character primary> ::=
<value expression primary>
| <string value function>
<string value function> ::=
<character value function>
| <bit value function>
<character value function> ::=
<character substring function>
| <fold>
| <form-of-use conversion>
| <character translation>
| <trim function>
<character substring function> ::=
SUBSTRING <left paren> <character value expression> FROM <start position>
[ FOR <string length> ] <right paren>
<start position> ::= <numeric value expression>
<string length> ::= <numeric value expression>
<fold> ::= ( UPPER | LOWER )
<left paren> <character value expression> <right paren>
<form-of-use conversion> ::=
CONVERT <left paren> <character value expression>
USING <form-of-use conversion name> <right paren>
<form-of-use conversion name> ::= <qualified name>
<character translation> ::=
TRANSLATE <left paren> <character value expression>
USING <translation name> <right paren>
<translation name> ::= <qualified name>
<trim function> ::=
TRIM <left paren> <trim operands> <right paren>
<trim operands> ::=
[ [ <trim specification> ] [ <trim character> ] FROM ] <trim source>
<trim specification> ::=
LEADING
| TRAILING
| BOTH
<trim character> ::= <character value expression>
<trim source> ::= <character value expression>
<bit value function> ::=
<bit substring function>
<bit substring function> ::=
SUBSTRING <left paren> <bit value expression> FROM <start position>
[ FOR <string length> ] <right paren>
<bit value expression> ::=
<bit concatenation>
| <bit factor>
<bit concatenation> ::=
<bit value expression> <concatenation operator> <bit factor>
<bit factor> ::= <bit primary>
<bit primary> ::=
<value expression primary>
| <string value function>
<extract expression> ::=
EXTRACT <left paren> <extract field>
FROM <extract source> <right paren>
<extract field> ::=
<datetime field>
| <time zone field>
<datetime field> ::=
<non-second datetime field>
| SECOND
<time zone field> ::=
TIMEZONE_HOUR
| TIMEZONE_MINUTE
<extract source> ::=
<datetime value expression>
| <interval value expression>
<datetime value expression> ::=
<datetime term>
| <interval value expression> <plus sign> <datetime term>
| <datetime value expression> <plus sign> <interval term>
| <datetime value expression> <minus sign> <interval term>
<interval term> ::=
<interval factor>
| <interval term 2> <asterisk> <factor>
| <interval term 2> <solidus> <factor>
| <term> <asterisk> <interval factor>
<interval factor> ::=
[ <sign> ] <interval primary>
<interval primary> ::=
<value expression primary> [ <interval qualifier> ]
<interval term 2> ::= <interval term>
<interval value expression> ::=
<interval term>
| <interval value expression 1> <plus sign> <interval term 1>
| <interval value expression 1> <minus sign> <interval term 1>
| <left paren> <datetime value expression> <minus sign>
<datetime term> <right paren> <interval qualifier>
<interval value expression 1> ::= <interval value expression>
<interval term 1> ::= <interval term>
<datetime term> ::=
<datetime factor>
<datetime factor> ::=
<datetime primary> [ <time zone> ]
<datetime primary> ::=
<value expression primary>
| <datetime value function>
<time zone> ::=
AT <time zone specifier>
<time zone specifier> ::=
LOCAL
| TIME ZONE <interval value expression>
<length expression> ::=
<char length expression>
| <octet length expression>
| <bit length expression>
<char length expression> ::=
( CHAR_LENGTH | CHARACTER_LENGTH )
<left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>
<string value expression> ::=
<character value expression>
| <bit value expression>
<octet length expression> ::=
OCTET_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>
<bit length expression> ::=
BIT_LENGTH <left paren> <string value expression> <right paren>
<null specification> ::=
NULL
<default specification> ::=
DEFAULT
<row value constructor list> ::=
<row value constructor element>
[ ( <comma> <row value constructor element> )... ]
<row subquery> ::= <subquery>
<comp op> ::=
<equals operator>
| <not equals operator>
| <less than operator>
| <greater than operator>
| <less than or equals operator>
| <greater than or equals operator>
<between predicate> ::=
<row value constructor> [ NOT ] BETWEEN
<row value constructor> AND <row value constructor>
<in predicate> ::=
<row value constructor>
[ NOT ] IN <in predicate value>
<in predicate value> ::=
<table subquery>
| <left paren> <in value list> <right paren>
<in value list> ::=
<value expression> ( <comma> <value expression> )...
<like predicate> ::=
<match value> [ NOT ] LIKE <pattern>
[ ESCAPE <escape character> ]
<match value> ::= <character value expression>
<pattern> ::= <character value expression>
<escape character> ::= <character value expression>
<null predicate> ::= <row value constructor>
IS [ NOT ] NULL
<quantified comparison predicate> ::=
<row value constructor> <comp op> <quantifier> <table subquery>
<quantifier> ::= <all> | <some>
<all> ::= ALL
<some> ::= SOME | ANY
<exists predicate> ::= EXISTS <table subquery>
<unique predicate> ::= UNIQUE <table subquery>
<match predicate> ::=
<row value constructor> MATCH [ UNIQUE ]
[ PARTIAL | FULL ] <table subquery>
<overlaps predicate> ::=
<row value constructor 1> OVERLAPS <row value constructor 2>
<row value constructor 1> ::= <row value constructor>
<row value constructor 2> ::= <row value constructor>
<truth value> ::=
TRUE
| FALSE
| UNKNOWN
<constraint attributes> ::=
<constraint check time> [ [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE ]
| [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE [ <constraint check time> ]
<constraint check time> ::=
INITIALLY DEFERRED
| INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
<table constraint definition> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ]
<table constraint> [ <constraint attributes> ]
<table constraint> ::=
<unique constraint definition>
| <referential constraint definition>
| <check constraint definition>
<unique constraint definition> ::=
<unique specification> even in SQL3)
<unique specification>
<left paren> <unique column list> <right paren>
<unique column list> ::= <column name list>
<referential constraint definition> ::=
FOREIGN KEY
<left paren> <referencing columns> <right paren>
<references specification>
<referencing columns> ::=
<reference column list>
<module contents> ::=
<declare cursor>
| <dynamic declare cursor>
| <procedure>
<declare cursor> ::=
DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR
FOR <cursor specification>
<cursor name> ::= <identifier>
<cursor specification> ::=
<query expression> [ <order by clause> ]
[ <updatability clause> ]
<order by clause> ::=
ORDER BY <sort specification list>
<sort specification list> ::=
<sort specification> [ ( <comma> <sort specification> )... ]
<sort specification> ::=
<sort key> [ <collate clause> ] [ <ordering specification> ]
<sort key> ::=
<column name>
| <unsigned integer>
<ordering specification> ::= ASC | DESC
<updatability clause> ::=
FOR
( READ ONLY |
UPDATE [ OF <column name list> ] )
<dynamic declare cursor> ::=
DECLARE <cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ] [ SCROLL ] CURSOR
FOR <statement name>
<statement name> ::= <identifier>
<procedure> ::=
PROCEDURE <procedure name>
<parameter declaration list> <semicolon>
<SQL procedure statement> <semicolon>
<procedure name> ::= <identifier>
<parameter declaration list> ::=
<left paren> <parameter declaration>
[ ( <comma> <parameter declaration> )... ] <right paren>
| <parameter declaration>...
<parameter declaration> ::=
<parameter name> <data type>
| <status parameter>
<status parameter> ::=
SQLCODE | SQLSTATE
<SQL procedure statement> ::=
<SQL schema statement>
| <SQL data statement>
| <SQL transaction statement>
| <SQL connection statement>
| <SQL session statement>
| <SQL dynamic statement>
| <SQL diagnostics statement>
<SQL schema statement> ::=
<SQL schema definition statement>
| <SQL schema manipulation statement>
<SQL schema definition statement> ::=
<schema definition>
| <table definition>
| <view definition>
| <grant statement>
| <domain definition>
| <character set definition>
| <collation definition>
| <translation definition>
| <assertion definition>
<schema definition> ::=
CREATE SCHEMA <schema name clause>
[ <schema character set specification> ]
[ <schema element>... ]
<schema name clause> ::=
<schema name>
| AUTHORIZATION <schema authorization identifier>
| <schema name> AUTHORIZATION
<schema authorization identifier>
<schema authorization identifier> ::=
<authorization identifier>
<schema character set specification> ::=
DEFAULT CHARACTER
SET <character set specification>
<schema element> ::=
<domain definition>
| <table definition>
| <view definition>
| <grant statement>
| <assertion definition>
| <character set definition>
| <collation definition>
| <translation definition>
<domain definition> ::=
CREATE DOMAIN <domain name>
[ AS ] <data type>
[ <default clause> ]
[ <domain constraint>... ]
[ <collate clause> ]
<domain constraint> ::=
[ <constraint name definition> ]
<check constraint definition> [ <constraint attributes> ]
<table definition> ::=
CREATE [ ( GLOBAL | LOCAL ) TEMPORARY ] TABLE
<table name>
<table element list>
[ ON COMMIT ( DELETE | PRESERVE ) ROWS ]
<view definition> ::=
CREATE VIEW <table name> [ <left paren> <view column list>
<right paren> ]
AS <query expression>
[ WITH [ <levels clause> ] CHECK OPTION ]
<view column list> ::= <column name list>
<levels clause> ::=
CASCADED | LOCAL
<grant statement> ::=
GRANT <privileges> ON <object name>
TO <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ]
[ WITH GRANT OPTION ]
<privileges> ::=
ALL PRIVILEGES
| <action list>
<action list> ::= <action> [ ( <comma> <action> )... ]
<action> ::=
SELECT
| DELETE
| INSERT [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
| UPDATE [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
| REFERENCES [ <left paren> <privilege column list> <right paren> ]
| USAGE
<privilege column list> ::= <column name list>
<object name> ::=
[ TABLE ] <table name>
| DOMAIN <domain name>
| COLLATION <collation name>
| CHARACTER SET <character set name>
| TRANSLATION <translation name>
<grantee> ::=
PUBLIC
| <authorization identifier>
<assertion definition> ::=
CREATE ASSERTION <constraint name> <assertion check>
[ <constraint attributes> ]
<assertion check> ::=
CHECK
<left paren> <search condition> <right paren>
<character set definition> ::=
CREATE CHARACTER SET <character set name>
[ AS ]
<character set source>
[ <collate clause> | <limited collation definition> ]
<character set source> ::=
GET <existing character set name>
<existing character set name> ::=
<standard character repertoire name>
| <implementation-defined character repertoire name>
| <schema character set name>
<schema character set name> ::= <character set name>
<limited collation definition> ::=
COLLATION FROM <collation source>
<collation source> ::=
<collating sequence definition>
| <translation collation>
<collating sequence definition> ::=
<external collation>
| <schema collation name>
| DESC <left paren> <collation name> <right paren>
| DEFAULT
<external collation> ::=
EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external collation name> <quote> <right paren>
<external collation name> ::=
<standard collation name>
| <implementation-defined collation name>
<standard collation name> ::= <collation name>
<implementation-defined collation name> ::= <collation name>
<schema collation name> ::= <collation name>
<translation collation> ::=
TRANSLATION <translation name>
[ THEN COLLATION <collation name> ]
<collation definition> ::=
CREATE COLLATION <collation name> FOR
<character set specification>
FROM <collation source>
[ <pad attribute> ]
<pad attribute> ::=
NO PAD
| PAD SPACE
<translation definition> ::=
CREATE TRANSLATION <translation name>
FOR <source character set specification>
TO <target character set specification>
FROM <translation source>
<source character set specification> ::= <character set specification>
<target character set specification> ::= <character set specification>
<translation source> ::=
<translation specification>
<translation specification> ::=
<external translation>
| IDENTITY
| <schema translation name>
<external translation> ::=
EXTERNAL <left paren> <quote> <external translation name> <quote> <right paren>
<external translation name> ::=
<standard translation name>
| <implementation-defined translation name>
<standard translation name> ::= <translation name>
<implementation-defined translation name> ::= <translation name>
<schema translation name> ::= <translation name>
<SQL schema manipulation statement> ::=
<drop schema statement>
| <alter table statement>
| <drop table statement>
| <drop view statement>
| <revoke statement>
| <alter domain statement>
| <drop domain statement>
| <drop character set statement>
| <drop collation statement>
| <drop translation statement>
| <drop assertion statement>
<drop schema statement> ::=
DROP SCHEMA <schema name> <drop behavior>
<drop behavior> ::= CASCADE | RESTRICT
<alter table statement> ::=
ALTER TABLE <table name> <alter table action>
<alter table action> ::=
<add column definition>
| <alter column definition>
| <drop column definition>
| <add table constraint definition>
| <drop table constraint definition>
<add column definition> ::=
ADD [ COLUMN ] <column definition>
<alter column definition> ::=
ALTER [ COLUMN ] <column name> <alter column action>
<alter column action> ::=
<set column default clause>
| <drop column default clause>
<set column default clause> ::=
SET <default clause>
<drop column default clause> ::=
DROP DEFAULT
<drop column definition> ::=
DROP [ COLUMN ] <column name> <drop behavior>
<add table constraint definition> ::=
ADD <table constraint definition>
<drop table constraint definition> ::=
DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name> <drop behavior>
<drop table statement> ::=
DROP TABLE <table name> <drop behavior>
<drop view statement> ::=
DROP VIEW <table name> <drop behavior>
<revoke statement> ::=
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
<privileges>
ON <object name>
FROM <grantee> [ ( <comma> <grantee> )... ] <drop behavior>
<alter domain statement> ::=
ALTER DOMAIN <domain name> <alter domain action>
<alter domain action> ::=
<set domain default clause>
| <drop domain default clause>
| <add domain constraint definition>
| <drop domain constraint definition>
<set domain default clause> ::= SET <default clause>
<drop domain default clause> ::= DROP DEFAULT
<add domain constraint definition> ::=
ADD <domain constraint>
<drop domain constraint definition> ::=
DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint name>
<drop domain statement> ::=
DROP DOMAIN <domain name> <drop behavior>
<drop character set statement> ::=
DROP CHARACTER SET <character set name>
<drop collation statement> ::=
DROP COLLATION <collation name>
<drop translation statement> ::=
DROP TRANSLATION <translation name>
<drop assertion statement> ::=
DROP ASSERTION <constraint name>
<SQL data statement> ::=
<open statement>
| <fetch statement>
| <close statement>
| <select statement: single row>
| <SQL data change statement>
<open statement> ::=
OPEN <cursor name>
<fetch statement> ::=
FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ]
<cursor name> INTO <fetch target list>
<fetch orientation> ::=
NEXT
| PRIOR
| FIRST
| LAST
| ( ABSOLUTE | RELATIVE ) <simple value specification>
<simple value specification> ::=
<parameter name>
| <embedded variable name>
| <literal>
<fetch target list> ::=
<target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ]
<target specification> ::=
<parameter specification>
| <variable specification>
<close statement> ::=
CLOSE <cursor name>
<select statement: single row> ::=
SELECT [ <set quantifier> ] <select list>
INTO <select target list>
<table expression>
<select target list> ::=
<target specification> [ ( <comma> <target specification> )... ]
<SQL data change statement> ::=
<delete statement: positioned>
| <delete statement: searched>
| <insert statement>
| <update statement: positioned>
| <update statement: searched>
<delete statement: positioned> ::=
DELETE FROM <table name>
WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>
<delete statement: searched> ::=
DELETE FROM <table name>
[ WHERE <search condition> ]
<insert statement> ::=
INSERT INTO <table name>
<insert columns and source>
<insert columns and source> ::=
[ <left paren> <insert column list> <right paren> ]
<query expression>
| DEFAULT VALUES
<insert column list> ::= <column name list>
<update statement: positioned> ::=
UPDATE <table name>
SET <set clause list>
WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>
<set clause list> ::=
<set clause> [ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ]
<set clause> ::=
<object column> <equals operator> <update source>
<object column> ::= <column name>
<update source> ::=
<value expression>
| <null specification>
| DEFAULT
<update statement: searched> ::=
UPDATE <table name>
SET <set clause list>
[ WHERE <search condition> ]
<SQL transaction statement> ::=
<set transaction statement>
| <set constraints mode statement>
| <commit statement>
| <rollback statement>
<set transaction statement> ::=
SET TRANSACTION <transaction mode>
[ ( <comma> <transaction mode> )... ]
<transaction mode> ::=
<isolation level>
| <transaction access mode>
| <diagnostics size>
<isolation level> ::=
ISOLATION LEVEL <level of isolation>
<level of isolation> ::=
READ UNCOMMITTED
| READ COMMITTED
| REPEATABLE READ
| SERIALIZABLE
<transaction access mode> ::=
READ ONLY
| READ WRITE
<diagnostics size> ::=
DIAGNOSTICS SIZE <number of conditions>
<number of conditions> ::= <simple value specification>
<set constraints mode statement> ::=
SET CONSTRAINTS <constraint name list>
( DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE )
<constraint name list> ::=
ALL
| <constraint name> [ ( <comma> <constraint name> )... ]
<commit statement> ::=
COMMIT [ WORK ]
<rollback statement> ::=
ROLLBACK [ WORK ]
<SQL connection statement> ::=
<connect statement>
| <set connection statement>
| <disconnect statement>
<connect statement> ::=
CONNECT TO <connection target>
<connection target> ::=
<SQL-server name>
[ AS <connection name> ]
correspondence with Tony Gordon)
[ USER <user name> ]
| DEFAULT
<SQL-server name> ::= <simple value specification>
<connection name> ::= <simple value specification>
<user name> ::= <simple value specification>
<set connection statement> ::=
SET CONNECTION <connection object>
<connection object> ::=
DEFAULT
| <connection name>
<disconnect statement> ::=
DISCONNECT <disconnect object>
<disconnect object> ::=
<connection object>
| ALL
| CURRENT
<SQL session statement> ::=
<set catalog statement>
| <set schema statement>
| <set names statement>
| <set session authorization identifier statement>
| <set local time zone statement>
<set catalog statement> ::=
SET CATALOG <value specification>
<value specification> ::=
<literal>
| <general value specification>
<set schema statement> ::=
SET SCHEMA <value specification>
<set names statement> ::=
SET NAMES <value specification>
<set session authorization identifier statement> ::=
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
<value specification>
<set local time zone statement> ::=
SET TIME ZONE
<set time zone value>
<set time zone value> ::=
<interval value expression>
| LOCAL
<SQL dynamic statement> ::=
<system descriptor statement>
| <prepare statement>
| <deallocate prepared statement>
| <describe statement>
| <execute statement>
| <execute immediate statement>
| <SQL dynamic data statement>
<system descriptor statement> ::=
<allocate descriptor statement>
| <deallocate descriptor statement>
| <set descriptor statement>
| <get descriptor statement>
<allocate descriptor statement> ::=
ALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
[ WITH MAX <occurrences> ]
<descriptor name> ::=
[ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>
<scope option> ::=
GLOBAL
| LOCAL
<occurrences> ::= <simple value specification>
<deallocate descriptor statement> ::=
DEALLOCATE DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
<set descriptor statement> ::=
SET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
<set descriptor information>
<set descriptor information> ::=
<set count>
| VALUE <item number>
<set item information> [ ( <comma> <set item information> )... ]
<set count> ::=
COUNT <equals operator> <simple value specification 1>
<simple value specification 1> ::= <simple value specification>
<item number> ::= <simple value specification>
<set item information> ::=
<descriptor item name> <equals operator> <simple value specification 2>
<descriptor item name> ::=
TYPE
| LENGTH
| OCTET_LENGTH
| RETURNED_LENGTH
| RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH
| PRECISION
| SCALE
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE
| DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION
| NULLABLE
| INDICATOR
| DATA
| NAME
| UNNAMED
| COLLATION_CATALOG
| COLLATION_SCHEMA
| COLLATION_NAME
| CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG
| CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA
| CHARACTER_SET_NAME
<simple value specification 2> ::= <simple value specification>
<item number> ::= <simple value specification>
<get descriptor statement> ::=
GET DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name> <get descriptor information>
<get descriptor information> ::=
<get count>
| VALUE <item number>
<get item information> [ ( <comma> <get item information> )... ]
<get count> ::=
<simple target specification 1> <equals operator>
COUNT
<simple target specification 1> ::= <simple target specification>
<simple target specification> ::=
<parameter name>
| <embedded variable name>
<get item information> ::=
<simple target specification 2> <equals operator> <descriptor item name>>
<simple target specification 2> ::= <simple target specification>
<prepare statement> ::=
PREPARE <SQL statement name> FROM <SQL statement variable>
<SQL statement name> ::=
<statement name>
| <extended statement name>
<extended statement name> ::=
[ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>
<SQL statement variable> ::= <simple value specification>
<deallocate prepared statement> ::=
DEALLOCATE PREPARE <SQL statement name>
<describe statement> ::=
<describe input statement>
| <describe output statement>
<describe input statement> ::=
DESCRIBE INPUT <SQL statement name> <using descriptor>
<using descriptor> ::=
( USING | INTO ) SQL DESCRIPTOR <descriptor name>
<describe output statement> ::=
DESCRIBE [ OUTPUT ] <SQL statement name> <using descriptor>
<execute statement> ::=
EXECUTE <SQL statement name>
[ <result using clause> ]
[ <parameter using clause> ]
<result using clause> ::= <using clause>
<using clause> ::=
<using arguments>
| <using descriptor>
<using arguments> ::=
( USING | INTO ) <argument> [ ( <comma> <argument> )... ]
<argument> ::= <target specification>
<parameter using clause> ::= <using clause>
<execute immediate statement> ::=
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE <SQL statement variable>
<SQL dynamic data statement> ::=
<allocate cursor statement>
| <dynamic open statement>
| <dynamic fetch statement>
| <dynamic close statement>
| <dynamic delete statement: positioned>
| <dynamic update statement: positioned>
<allocate cursor statement> ::=
ALLOCATE <extended cursor name> [ INSENSITIVE ]
[ SCROLL ] CURSOR
FOR <extended statement name>
<extended cursor name> ::=
[ <scope option> ] <simple value specification>
<dynamic open statement> ::=
OPEN <dynamic cursor name> [ <using clause> ]
<dynamic cursor name> ::=
<cursor name>
| <extended cursor name>
<dynamic fetch statement> ::=
FETCH [ [ <fetch orientation> ] FROM ] <dynamic cursor name>
<using clause>
<dynamic close statement> ::=
CLOSE <dynamic cursor name>
<dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::=
DELETE FROM <table name>
WHERE CURRENT OF
<dynamic cursor name>
<dynamic update statement: positioned> ::=
UPDATE <table name>
SET <set clause>
[ ( <comma> <set clause> )... ]
WHERE CURRENT OF
<dynamic cursor name>
<SQL diagnostics statement> ::=
<get diagnostics statement>
<get diagnostics statement> ::=
GET DIAGNOSTICS <sql diagnostics information>
<sql diagnostics information> ::=
<statement information>
| <condition information>
<statement information> ::=
<statement information item> [ ( <comma> <statement information item> )... ]
<statement information item> ::=
<simple target specification> <equals operator> <statement information item name>
<statement information item name> ::=
NUMBER
| MORE
| COMMAND_FUNCTION
| DYNAMIC_FUNCTION
| ROW_COUNT
<condition information> ::=
EXCEPTION <condition number>
<condition information item> [ ( <comma> <condition information item> )... ]
<condition number> ::= <simple value specification>
<condition information item> ::=
<simple target specification> <equals operator> <condition information item name>
<condition information item name> ::=
CONDITION_NUMBER
| RETURNED_SQLSTATE
| CLASS_ORIGIN
| SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
| SERVER_NAME
| CONNECTION_NAME
| CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
| CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
| CONSTRAINT_NAME
| CATALOG_NAME
| SCHEMA_NAME
| TABLE_NAME
| COLUMN_NAME
| CURSOR_NAME
| MESSAGE_TEXT
| MESSAGE_LENGTH
| MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH
<embedded SQL host program> ::=
<embedded SQL Ada program>
| <embedded SQL C program>
| <embedded SQL COBOL program>
| <embedded SQL Fortran program>
| <embedded SQL MUMPS program>
| <embedded SQL Pascal program>
| <embedded SQL PL/I program>
<embedded SQL Ada program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL C program> ::=
!! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL COBOL program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL Fortran program> ::=
!! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL MUMPS program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL Pascal program> ::=
!! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL PL/I program> ::= !! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<embedded SQL declare section> ::=
<embedded SQL begin declare>
[ <embedded character set declaration> ]
[ <host variable definition>... ]
<embedded SQL end declare>
| <embedded SQL MUMPS declare>
<embedded SQL begin declare> ::=
<SQL prefix> BEGIN DECLARE SECTION
[ <SQL terminator> ]
<SQL prefix> ::=
EXEC SQL
| <ampersand>SQL<left paren>
<SQL terminator> ::=
END-EXEC
| <semicolon>
| <right paren>
<embedded character set declaration> ::=
SQL NAMES ARE <character set specification>
<host variable definition> ::=
<Ada variable definition>
| <C variable definition>
| <COBOL variable definition>
| <Fortran variable definition>
| <MUMPS variable definition>
| <Pascal variable definition>
| <PL/I variable definition>
<Ada variable definition> ::=
<Ada host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Ada host identifier> )... ] :
<Ada type specification> [ <Ada initial value> ]
<Ada type specification> ::=
<Ada qualified type specification>
| <Ada unqualified type specification>
<Ada qualified type specification> ::=
SQL_STANDARD.CHAR [ CHARACTER SET
[ IS ] <character set specification> ]
<left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
| SQL_STANDARD.BIT
<left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
| SQL_STANDARD.SMALLINT
| SQL_STANDARD.INT
| SQL_STANDARD.REAL
| SQL_STANDARD.DOUBLE_PRECISION
| SQL_STANDARD.SQLCODE_TYPE
| SQL_STANDARD.SQLSTATE_TYPE
| SQL_STANDARD.INDICATOR_TYPE
<Ada unqualified type specification> ::=
CHAR
<left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
| BIT
<left paren> 1 <double period> <length> <right paren>
| SMALLINT
| INT
| REAL
| DOUBLE_PRECISION
| SQLCODE_TYPE
| SQLSTATE_TYPE
| INDICATOR_TYPE
<Ada initial value> ::=
<Ada assignment operator> <character representation>...
<Ada assignment operator> ::= <colon><equals operator>
<C variable definition> ::=
[ <C storage class> ]
[ <C class modifier> ]
<C variable specification>
<semicolon>
<C storage class> ::=
auto
| extern
| static
<C class modifier> ::= const | volatile
<C variable specification> ::=
<C numeric variable>
| <C character variable>
| <C derived variable>
<C numeric variable> ::=
( long | short | float | double )
<C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ]
[ ( <comma> <C host identifier> [ <C initial value> ] )... ]
<C initial value> ::=
<equals operator> <character representation>...
<C character variable> ::=
char [ CHARACTER SET
[ IS ] <character set specification> ]
<C host identifier>
<C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
[ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
<C array specification>
[ <C initial value> ] )... ]
<C array specification> ::=
<left bracket> <length> <right bracket>
<C derived variable> ::=
<C VARCHAR variable>
| <C bit variable>
<C VARCHAR variable> ::=
VARCHAR [ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
<character set specification> ]
<C host identifier>
<C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
[ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
<C array specification>
[ <C initial value> ] )... ]
<C bit variable> ::=
BIT <C host identifier>
<C array specification> [ <C initial value> ]
[ ( <comma> <C host identifier>
<C array specification>
[ <C initial value> ] )... ]
<COBOL variable definition> ::=
(01|77) <COBOL host identifier> <COBOL type specification>
[ <character representation>... ] <period>
<COBOL type specification> ::=
<COBOL character type>
| <COBOL bit type>
| <COBOL numeric type>
| <COBOL integer type>
<COBOL character type> ::=
[ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
<character set specification> ]
( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] ( X [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...
<COBOL bit type> ::=
( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ]
( B [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...
<COBOL numeric type> ::=
( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ]
S <COBOL nines specification>
[ USAGE [ IS ] ] DISPLAY SIGN LEADING SEPARATE
<COBOL nines specification> ::=
<COBOL nines> [ V [ <COBOL nines> ] ]
| V <COBOL nines>
<COBOL nines> ::= ( 9 [ <left paren> <length> <right paren> ] )...
<COBOL integer type> ::=
<COBOL computational integer>
| <COBOL binary integer>
<COBOL computational integer> ::=
( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines>
[ USAGE [ IS ] ] ( COMP | COMPUTATIONAL )
<COBOL binary integer> ::=
( PIC | PICTURE ) [ IS ] S<COBOL nines>
[ USAGE [ IS ] ] BINARY
<Fortran variable definition> ::=
<Fortran type specification>
<Fortran host identifier>
[ ( <comma> <Fortran host identifier> )... ]
<Fortran type specification> ::=
CHARACTER [ <asterisk> <length> ]
[ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
<character set specification> ]
| BIT [ <asterisk> <length> ]
| INTEGER
| REAL
| DOUBLE PRECISION
<MUMPS variable definition> ::=
( <MUMPS numeric variable> | <MUMPS character variable> )
<semicolon>
<MUMPS numeric variable> ::=
<MUMPS type specification>
<MUMPS host identifier> [ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> )... ]
<MUMPS type specification> ::=
INT
| DEC
[ <left paren> <precision> [ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren> ]
| REAL
<MUMPS character variable> ::=
VARCHAR <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification>
[ ( <comma> <MUMPS host identifier> <MUMPS length specification> )... ]
<MUMPS length specification> ::=
<left paren> <length> <right paren>
<Pascal variable definition> ::=
<Pascal host identifier> [ ( <comma> <Pascal host identifier> )... ] <colon>
<Pascal type specification> <semicolon>
<Pascal type specification> ::=
PACKED ARRAY
<left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket>
OF CHAR
[ CHARACTER SET [ IS ]
<character set specification> ]
| PACKED ARRAY
<left bracket> 1 <double period> <length> <right bracket>
OF BIT
| INTEGER
| REAL
| CHAR [ CHARACTER SET
[ IS ] <character set specification> ]
| BIT
<PL/I variable definition> ::=
(DCL | DECLARE)
( <PL/I host identifier>
| <left paren> <PL/I host identifier>
[ ( <comma> <PL/I host identifier> )... ] <right paren> )
<PL/I type specification>
[ <character representation>... ] <semicolon>
<PL/I type specification> ::=
( CHAR | CHARACTER ) [ VARYING ]
<left paren><length><right paren>
[ CHARACTER SET
[ IS ] <character set specification> ]
| BIT [ VARYING ] <left paren><length><right paren>
| <PL/I type fixed decimal> <left paren> <precision>
[ <comma> <scale> ] <right paren>
| <PL/I type fixed binary> [ <left paren> <precision> <right paren> ]
| <PL/I type float binary> <left paren> <precision> <right paren>
<PL/I type fixed decimal> ::=
( DEC | DECIMAL ) FIXED
| FIXED ( DEC | DECIMAL )
<PL/I type fixed binary> ::=
( BIN | BINARY ) FIXED
| FIXED ( BIN | BINARY )
<PL/I type float binary> ::=
( BIN | BINARY ) FLOAT
| FLOAT ( BIN | BINARY )
<embedded SQL end declare> ::=
<SQL prefix> END DECLARE SECTION
[ <SQL terminator> ]
<embedded SQL MUMPS declare> ::=
<SQL prefix>
BEGIN DECLARE SECTION
[ <embedded character set declaration> ]
[ <host variable definition>... ]
END DECLARE SECTION
<SQL terminator>
<embedded SQL statement> ::=
<SQL prefix>
<statement or declaration>
[ <SQL terminator> ]
<statement or declaration> ::=
<declare cursor>
| <dynamic declare cursor>
| <temporary table declaration>
| <embedded exception declaration>
| <SQL procedure statement>
<embedded exception declaration> ::=
WHENEVER <condition> <condition action>
<condition> ::=
SQLERROR | NOT FOUND
<condition action> ::=
CONTINUE | <go to>
<go to> ::=
( GOTO | GO TO ) <goto target>
<goto target> ::=
<host label identifier>
| <unsigned integer>
| <host PL/I label variable>
<host label identifier> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<host PL/I label variable> ::= !!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<preparable statement> ::=
<preparable SQL data statement>
| <preparable SQL schema statement>
| <preparable SQL transaction statement>
| <preparable SQL session statement>
| <preparable implementation-defined statement>
<preparable SQL data statement> ::=
<delete statement: searched>
| <dynamic single row select statement>
| <insert statement>
| <dynamic select statement>
| <update statement: searched>
| <preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned>
| <preparable dynamic update statement: positioned>
<dynamic single row select statement> ::= <query specification>
<dynamic select statement> ::= <cursor specification>
<preparable dynamic delete statement: positioned> ::=
DELETE [ FROM <table name> ]
WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>
<preparable dynamic update statement: positioned> ::=
UPDATE [ <table name> ]
SET <set clause list>
WHERE CURRENT OF <cursor name>
<preparable SQL schema statement> ::=
<SQL schema statement>
<preparable SQL transaction statement> ::=
<SQL transaction statement>
<preparable SQL session statement> ::=
<SQL session statement>
<preparable implementation-defined statement> ::=
!! <EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules.)
<direct SQL statement> ::=
<directly executable statement> <semicolon>
<directly executable statement> ::=
<direct SQL data statement>
| <SQL schema statement>
| <SQL transaction statement>
| <SQL connection statement>
| <SQL session statement>
| <direct implementation-defined statement>
<direct SQL data statement> ::=
<delete statement: searched>
| <direct select statement: multiple rows>
| <insert statement>
| <update statement: searched>
| <temporary table declaration>
<direct select statement: multiple rows> ::=
<query expression> [ <order by clause> ]
<direct implementation-defined statement> ::=
!!<EMPHASIS>(See the Syntax Rules)
<SQL object identifier> ::=
<SQL provenance> <SQL variant>
<SQL provenance> ::= <arc1> <arc2> <arc3>
<arc1> ::= iso | 1 | iso <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<arc2> ::= standard | 0 | standard <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<arc3> ::= 9075
<SQL variant> ::= <SQL edition> <SQL conformance>
<SQL edition> ::= <1987> | <1989> | <1992>
<1987> ::= 0 | edition1987 <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<1989> ::= <1989 base> <1989 package>
<1989 base> ::= 1 | edition1989 <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<1989 package> ::= <integrity no> | <integrity yes>
<integrity no> ::= 0 | IntegrityNo <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<integrity yes> ::= 1 | IntegrityYes <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<1992> ::= 2 | edition1992 <left paren> 2 <right paren>
<SQL conformance> ::= <low> | <intermediate> | <high>
<low> ::= 0 | Low <left paren> 0 <right paren>
<intermediate> ::= 1 | Intermediate <left paren> 1 <right paren>
<high> ::= 2 | High <left paren> 2 <right paren>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
<P>
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