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<title>.:: The Converted Virtual Machine Instruction Set ::.</title>
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<h1 align="center"> Constant loading </h1><br><hr><p>
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<td>
<a href="#ldc_i4"><b>ldc_i4</b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldc_i4_<n>"><b>ldc_i4_<n></b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldc_i4_s"><b>ldc_i4_s</b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldc_i8"><b>ldc_i8</b></a></td></tr><tr><td>
<a href="#ldc_r4"><b>ldc_r4</b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldc_r8"><b>ldc_r8</b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldnull"><b>ldnull</b></a></td><td>
<a href="#ldstr"><b>ldstr</b></a></td></tr><tr></tr></table></td></tr></table><p><hr><p><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_i4">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_i4</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load <code>int32</code> constant onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_i4</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[4]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_i4}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_i4</i> = 157 (0x9D)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The 32-bit <i>value</i> <i>n</i>
is pushed onto the stack as type <code>int32</code>.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Notes </b></td><td border="0">This instruction can also be used to load constants
of type <code>uint32</code> onto the stack.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_i4_<n>">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_i4_<n></font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load <i>n</i> onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_i4_<n></i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_i4_<n>}</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_i4_m1</i> = 146 (0x92)<br><i>ldc_i4_0</i> = 147 (0x93)<br><i>ldc_i4_1</i> = 148 (0x94)<br><i>ldc_i4_2</i> = 149 (0x95)<br><i>ldc_i4_3</i> = 150 (0x96)<br><i>ldc_i4_4</i> = 151 (0x97)<br><i>ldc_i4_5</i> = 152 (0x98)<br><i>ldc_i4_6</i> = 153 (0x99)<br><i>ldc_i4_7</i> = 154 (0x9A)<br><i>ldc_i4_8</i> = 155 (0x9B)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The <i>value</i> <i>n</i> is pushed onto
the stack as type <code>int32</code>.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Notes </b></td><td border="0">These instructions can also be used to load constants
of type <code>uint32</code> onto the stack.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_i4_s">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_i4_s</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load small <code>int32</code> constant
onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_i4_s</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_i4_s}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_i4_s</i> = 156 (0x9C)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The signed 8-bit <i>value</i> <i>n</i>
is pushed onto the stack as type <code>int32</code>.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Notes </b></td><td border="0">This instruction can also be used to load constants
of type <code>uint32</code> onto the stack.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_i8">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_i8</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load <code>int64</code> constant onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_i8</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[8]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_i8}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[8]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_i8</i> = 158 (0x9E)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The 64-bit <i>value</i> <i>n</i>
is pushed onto the stack as type <code>int64</code>.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Notes </b></td><td border="0">This instruction can also be used to load constants
of type <code>uint64</code> onto the stack.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_r4">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_r4</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load 32-bit floating point constant onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_r4</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[4]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_r4}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[4]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_r4</i> = 159 (0x9F)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The 32-bit floating point value <i>n</i> is fetched,
converted to <code>native float</code>, and then pushed onto the
stack as <i>value</i>.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldc_r8">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldc_r8</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load 64-bit floating point constant onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldc_r8</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[8]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldc_r8}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>n[8]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldc_r8</i> = 160 (0xA0)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The 64-bit floating point value <i>n</i> is fetched,
converted to <code>native float</code>, and then pushed onto the
stack as <i>value</i>.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldnull">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldnull</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load <code>null</code> onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldnull</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldnull}</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldnull</i> = 145 (0x91)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., value</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">The <i>value</i> <code>null</code> is pushed onto
the stack as type <code>ptr</code>.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Notes </b></td><td border="0">This instruction must not be confused with <i>ldc_i4_0</i>.
Values of type <code>int32</code> and <code>ptr</code> do not
necessarily occupy the same amount of space in a stack word on
all platforms.</td></tr></table><br><br><table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
bordercolor="#000000" border="
1" align="center" width="80%">
<tr bgcolor="#7F7F7F" border="2"><td border="0"
width="30%">
<a name="ldstr">
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="+5">
ldstr</font></a></td><td align="right" border="0"> </td></tr><tr border="1"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Operation</b></td><td border="0">Load a string constant onto the stack</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>ldstr</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>token[4]</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Direct Format </b></td><td border="0"><table border="0" bordercolor="#AAAAAA" cellpadding="6"
cellspacing="0"><tr><td><table border="1" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0"><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>{ldstr}</i></td></tr><tr><td align="center" width="100"><i>token</i></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Forms </b></td><td border="0"><i>ldstr</i> = 233 (0xE9)<br></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0"> ·
<b>Stack</b></td><td border="0"><i>...</i> => <i>..., string</i></td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Description </b></td><td border="0">Loads the string <i>token</i> from the current
method's image and pushes the corresponding <i>string</i>
object onto the stack.</td></tr><tr border="0"><td border="0" valign="top">
· <b>Exceptions </b></td><td border="0"><code>System.OutOfMemoryException</code> -- Raised if
there is insufficient memory to allocate the string.</font><br></td></tr></table><br><br><p align="center"> <font size="-2">Copyright © Southern
Storm Software Pty Ltd 2002 <br> Licensed under GNU FDL </font></p></body></html>
