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howto-text-zh-9.0-1mdk.noarch.rpm


   Small Memory mini-HOWTO ¤¤Ä¶ª© v0.1
   §@ªÌ: [1]Todd Burgess<[2]tburgess@uoguelph.ca>
   ĶªÌ: [3]ymhuang<[4]ymhuang@linuxfan.com>
   
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% grep -n inetd rc.*
          + inetd
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            [5]ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Printing/dj-printca
            p.tar.gz
          + nfsd and mountd
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          + portmap
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            NFS
            Server ©Î¤£·Q°õ¦æ RPC µ{¦¡¡A§A¥i¥H²¾°£ portmap ªº±Ò°Ê¡C
          + sendmail
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            §Aªº Linux ¾÷¾¹·í°µ Mail Server¡A§A¥i¥H©ñ¤ßªº²¾°£ sendmail ªº
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          + ¨ä¥Lªº daemons
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     * µ²½×
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   Good luck and happy hacking!
   [6]Todd Burgess
   [7]tburgess@uoguelph.ca
   [8]http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/~tburgess

References

   1. http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/~tburgess
   2. malito:tburgess@uoguelph.ca
   3. http://www.linuxfan.com/~ymhuang
   4. malito:ymhuang@linuxfan.com
   5. ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Printing/dj-printcap.tar.gz
   6. http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/~tburgess
   7. mailto:tburgess@uoguelph.ca
   8. http://eddie.cis.uoguelph.ca/~tburgess