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><A
NAME="AUTHORING"
>14. How to generate something worth printing.</A
></H1
><P
> Here we get into a real rat's-nest of software. Basically, Linux
can run many types of binaries with varying degrees of success:
Linux/x86, Linux/Alpha, Linux/Sparc, Linux/foo, iBCS, Win16/Win32s
(with dosemu and, someday, with Wine), Mac/68k (with Executor), and
Java. I'll just discuss native GNU/Linux and common Un*x software.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="MARKUP-LANGUAGES"
>14.1. Markup languages</A
></H2
><P
> Most markup languages are more suitable for large or repetitive
projects, where you want the computer to control the layout of the
text to make things uniform.
<P
></P
><DL
><DT
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>nroff</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>This was one of the first markup languages on the
original version of Unix. Man pages
are the most common examples of things formatted in *roff
macros; many people swear by them, but nroff has, to me at
least, a more arcane syntax than needed (see <A
HREF="authoring.html#ROFF-EXAMPLE"
>Figure 11</A
>), and probably makes a poor choice for
new works. It is worth knowing, though, that you can typeset
a man page directly into postscript with groff. Most man
commands will do this for you with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>man -t foo
| lpr</B
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="ROFF-EXAMPLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 11. Example of <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>roff</B
> Input</B
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>.B man
is the system's manual pager. Each
.I page
argument given to
.B man
is normally the name of a program, utility or function.
The
.I manual page
associated with each of these arguments is then found and
displayed. A
.IR section ,
if provided, will direct
.B man
to look
only in that
.I section
of the manual.</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>TeX</DT
><DD
><P
>TeX, and the macro package LaTeX, are one of the most
widely used markup languages on Un*x systems, although TeX did
not originate on Unix and is available to run on a wide
variety of systems. Technical works are frequently written in
LaTeX because it greatly simplifies the layout issues and is
<I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>still</I
> one of the few text processing
systems to support mathematics both completely and well.
TeX's output format is <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>dvi</TT
>, and is
converted to PostScript or Hewlett Packard's PCL with
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dvips</B
> or <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dvilj</B
>. If you
wish to install TeX or LaTeX, install the whole teTeX group of
packages; it contains everything. Recent TeX installations
include pdfTeX and pdfLaTeX, which produce Adobe PDF files
directly. Commands are available do create hyperlinks and
navigation features in the PDF file.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="LATEX-EXAMPLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 12. Example of LaTeX Input</B
></P
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><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>\subsubsection{NAT}
Each real server is assigned a different IP address, and the NA
implements address translation for all inbound and outbound
packets.
\begin{description}
\item[Advantage] Implementation simplicity, especially if we
already implement other NAT capabilities.
\item[Disadvantage] Return traffic from the server goes through
address translation, which may incur a speed penalty. This
probably isn't too bad if we design for it from the
beginning.
\item[Disadvantage] NAT breaks the end-to-end semantics of normal
internet traffic. Protocols like ftp, H.323, etc would
require special support involving snooping and in-stream
rewriting, or complete protocol proxying; neither is likely
to be practical.
\end{description}</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>SGML</DT
><DD
><P
>There is at least one free SGML parser available for Un*x
systems; it forms the basis of Linuxdoc-SGML's homegrown
document system. It can support other DTD's, as well, most
notably DocBook. This document is written in DocBook-DTD
SGML; see <A
HREF="authoring.html#SGML-EXAMPLE"
>Figure 13</A
> for an example.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="SGML-EXAMPLE"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 13. Example of DocBook SGML</B
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
><VarListEntry>
<Term>SGML</Term>
<ListItem>
<Para>
There is at least one free SGML parser available for Un*x
systems; it forms the basis of Linuxdoc-SGML's homegrown
document system. It can support other DTD's, as well, most
notably DocBook. This document is written in DocBook-DTD
SGML.
</Para>
</ListItem>
</VarListEntry></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DD
></DL
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="WYSIWYG-PROCESSORS"
>14.2. WYSIWYG Word Processors</A
></H2
><P
> There is no shortage of WYSIWYG word processing software. Several
complete office suites are available, including one that's free
for personal use (StarOffice).
<P
></P
><DL
><DT
>StarOffice</DT
><DD
><P
>Sun Microsystems is distributing StarOffice on the net free
for GNU/Linux. This full-blown office suite has all the features
you'd expect, including both import and export of Microsoft
Office file formats (including Word documents). There's a
mini-HOWTO out there which describes how to obtain and install
it. It generates PostScript, so should work with most any
printer that works otherwise on GNU/Linux.
</P
></DD
><DT
>WordPerfect</DT
><DD
><P
>Corel distributes a basic version of WordPerfect 8 free for
GNU/Linux, and sells various packages of Word Perfect Office 2000
(which includes WordPerfect, Corel Draw and Quattro Pro
Versions 9). The <A
HREF="http://www.rodsbooks.com/wpfonts/"
TARGET="_top"
> Linux WordPerfect
Fonts and Printers</A
> page has information about
configuring WordPerfect for use with either Ghostscript or its
built-in printer drivers (which are apparently identical the
DOS WordPerfect drivers, if your printer's driver isn't
included in the distribution).
</P
></DD
><DT
>Applix</DT
><DD
><P
>Applix is a cross-platform (ie, various Unices, Windows, and
others) office suite sold by the Applix company. Red Hat and
SuSE sold it themselves when it was the only game in town;
now sales have reverted to Applix. This is the only native
Unix-style application suite; it probably fits in better with
the Unix way of doign things.
</P
></DD
><DT
>AbiWord</DT
><DD
><P
><A
HREF="http://www.abisource.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>AbiWord</A
> is one
of several GPL WYSIWYG word processor projects; this one has
produced a very nice word processor based on an XML format.
It is capable of Word file import. AbiWord is still a work in
progress, although it is useful for small things now.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><P
><B
>Figure 14. AbiWord</B
></P
><P
><IMG
SRC="snapshot-abiword.gif"></P
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>LyX</DT
><DD
><P
>LyX is a front-end to LaTeX which looks very promising. See
the <A
HREF="http://www.lyx.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>LyX Homepage</A
>
for more information. There is a KDE-styled version of LyX,
called Klyx; the author of LyX and the instigator of KDE are
the same person.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><P
><B
>Figure 15. LyX</B
></P
><P
><IMG
SRC="snapshot-lyx.gif"></P
></DIV
></DD
><DT
>Maxwell</DT
><DD
><P
>Maxwell is a simple MS RTF-format based word processor which
started as a commercial product but is now distributed under
the GPL.
</P
></DD
></DL
>
</P
><P
> Other vendors should feel free to drop me a line with your offerings.
</P
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