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<head>
<title>Function Reference</title>
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<body>
<h1>Function Reference</h1>
<a name="TOP"></a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-acos">acos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-acosh">acosh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-address">address</a>
<li><a href="#siag-and">and</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ash">ash</a>
<li><a href="#siag-asin">asin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-asinh">asinh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan2">atan2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atan_2">atan_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-atanh">atanh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-avedev">avedev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<li><a href="#siag-averagea">averagea</a>
<li><a href="#siag-base64decode">base64decode</a>
<li><a href="#siag-base64encode">base64encode</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<li><a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<li><a href="#siag-betadist">betadist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-betainv">betainv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cbrt">cbrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cc_solv">cc_solv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ceiling">ceiling</a>
<li><a href="#siag-char">char</a>
<li><a href="#siag-chidist">chidist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-chiinv">chiinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-choose">choose</a>
<li><a href="#siag-code">code</a>
<li><a href="#siag-columns">columns</a>
<li><a href="#siag-combin">combin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-complex">complex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-concatenate">concatenate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-confidence">confidence</a>
<li><a href="#siag-convert">convert</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-cosh">cosh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<li><a href="#siag-counta">counta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-countblank">countblank</a>
<li><a href="#siag-countif">countif</a>
<li><a href="#siag-critbinom">critbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-crypt">crypt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-currency_rate">currency_rate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-datevalue">datevalue</a>
<li><a href="#siag-daverage">daverage</a>
<li><a href="#siag-day">day</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dcounta">dcounta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-define">define</a>
<li><a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<li><a href="#siag-delta">delta</a>
<li><a href="#siag-devsq">devsq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dget">dget</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dmax">dmax</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dmin">dmin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dollar">dollar</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dproduct">dproduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-drem">drem</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dstdev">dstdev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dstdevp">dstdevp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dsum">dsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-duration">duration</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dvar">dvar</a>
<li><a href="#siag-dvarp">dvarp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-effect">effect</a>
<li><a href="#siag-erf">erf</a>
<li><a href="#siag-erfc">erfc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-euro">euro</a>
<li><a href="#siag-even">even</a>
<li><a href="#siag-exact">exact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-expm_1">expm_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-expondist">expondist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fabs">fabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fact">fact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-factdouble">factdouble</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fdist">fdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-finv">finv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fisher">fisher</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fisherinv">fisherinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fixed">fixed</a>
<li><a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fmod">fmod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-g_product">g_product</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammadist">gammadist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammainv">gammainv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gammaln">gammaln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gcd">gcd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-geomean">geomean</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gestep">gestep</a>
<li><a href="#siag-get_cell">get_cell</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getcwd">getcwd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getenv">getenv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getgid">getgid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gethostid">gethostid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-gethostname">gethostname</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getpgrp">getpgrp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getpid">getpid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getppid">getppid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-getuid">getuid</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hex2oct">hex2oct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hlookup">hlookup</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<li><a href="#siag-href">href</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hyperlink">hyperlink</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hypgeomdist">hypgeomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-hypot">hypot</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imabs">imabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imaginary">imaginary</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imargument">imargument</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imconjugate">imconjugate</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imcos">imcos</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imdiv">imdiv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imexp">imexp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imln">imln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imlog_10">imlog_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imlog_2">imlog_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-impower">impower</a>
<li><a href="#siag-improduct">improduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imreal">imreal</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsin">imsin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsqrt">imsqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsub">imsub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imsum">imsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-imtan">imtan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-inet_addr">inet_addr</a>
<li><a href="#siag-info">info</a>
<li><a href="#siag-int">int</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isblank">isblank</a>
<li><a href="#siag-iseven">iseven</a>
<li><a href="#siag-islogical">islogical</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isna">isna</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isnontext">isnontext</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isnumber">isnumber</a>
<li><a href="#siag-isodd">isodd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ispmt">ispmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-istext">istext</a>
<li><a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-kurt">kurt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-kurtp">kurtp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-large">large</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lcm">lcm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-left">left</a>
<li><a href="#siag-len">len</a>
<li><a href="#siag-length">length</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lgamma">lgamma</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ln">ln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log1p">log1p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log_10">log_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-log_2">log_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-loginv">loginv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lognormdist">lognormdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-lower">lower</a>
<li><a href="#siag-max">max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-maxa">maxa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-median">median</a>
<li><a href="#siag-min">min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mina">mina</a>
<li><a href="#siag-minute">minute</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mmult">mmult</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mod">mod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_abs">mpf_abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_add">mpf_add</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_ceil">mpf_ceil</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_cmp">mpf_cmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_div">mpf_div</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_div_2exp">mpf_div_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_eq">mpf_eq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_floor">mpf_floor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_mul">mpf_mul</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_mul_2exp">mpf_mul_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_neg">mpf_neg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_pow_ui">mpf_pow_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_reldiff">mpf_reldiff</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sgn">mpf_sgn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sqrt">mpf_sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_sub">mpf_sub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpf_trunc">mpf_trunc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_abs">mpz_abs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_add">mpz_add</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_and">mpz_and</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_bin_ui">mpz_bin_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cdiv_q">mpz_cdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cdiv_r">mpz_cdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_clrbit">mpz_clrbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cmp">mpz_cmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_cmpabs">mpz_cmpabs</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_com">mpz_com</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_divexact">mpz_divexact</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fac_ui">mpz_fac_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_q">mpz_fdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_q_2exp">mpz_fdiv_q_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_r">mpz_fdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fdiv_r_2exp">mpz_fdiv_r_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_fib_ui">mpz_fib_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_gcd">mpz_gcd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_hamdist">mpz_hamdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_invert">mpz_invert</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_ior">mpz_ior</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_jacobi">mpz_jacobi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_lcm">mpz_lcm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_legendre">mpz_legendre</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mod">mpz_mod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mul">mpz_mul</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_mul_2exp">mpz_mul_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_neg">mpz_neg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_nextprime">mpz_nextprime</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_perfect_power_p">mpz_perfect_power_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_perfect_square_p">mpz_perfect_square_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_popcount">mpz_popcount</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_pow_ui">mpz_pow_ui</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_powm">mpz_powm</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_probab_prime_p">mpz_probab_prime_p</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_remove">mpz_remove</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_root">mpz_root</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_scan0">mpz_scan0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_scan1">mpz_scan1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_setbit">mpz_setbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sgn">mpz_sgn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sizeinbase">mpz_sizeinbase</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sqrt">mpz_sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_sub">mpz_sub</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_q">mpz_tdiv_q</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_q_2exp">mpz_tdiv_q_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_r">mpz_tdiv_r</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tdiv_r_2exp">mpz_tdiv_r_2exp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_tstbit">mpz_tstbit</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mpz_xor">mpz_xor</a>
<li><a href="#siag-mround">mround</a>
<li><a href="#siag-n">n</a>
<li><a href="#siag-negbinomdist">negbinomdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-nominal">nominal</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-norminv">norminv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normsdist">normsdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-normsinv">normsinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-not">not</a>
<li><a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<li><a href="#siag-nper">nper</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<li><a href="#siag-oct2hex">oct2hex</a>
<li><a href="#siag-odd">odd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-or">or</a>
<li><a href="#siag-permut">permut</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pmt">pmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow">pow</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow_10">pow_10</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pow_2">pow_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-power">power</a>
<li><a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-product">product</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-pwr">pwr</a>
<li><a href="#siag-quotient">quotient</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_avg">r_avg</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-r_sum">r_sum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbernoulli">randbernoulli</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randbinom">randbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randexp">randexp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randnegbinom">randnegbinom</a>
<li><a href="#siag-random">random</a>
<li><a href="#siag-randpoisson">randpoisson</a>
<li><a href="#siag-realtime">realtime</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rept">rept</a>
<li><a href="#siag-roman">roman</a>
<li><a href="#siag-round">round</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rounddown">rounddown</a>
<li><a href="#siag-roundup">roundup</a>
<li><a href="#siag-rows">rows</a>
<li><a href="#siag-second">second</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siag_colsum">siag_colsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siag_rowsum">siag_rowsum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sign">sign</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sinh">sinh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-siod">siod</a>
<li><a href="#siag-skew">skew</a>
<li><a href="#siag-skewp">skewp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sln">sln</a>
<li><a href="#siag-small">small</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sqrt">sqrt</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sqrtpi">sqrtpi</a>
<li><a href="#siag-standardize">standardize</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdeva">stdeva</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdevp">stdevp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stdevpa">stdevpa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<li><a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strcmp">strcmp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strcspn">strcspn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-strspn">strspn</a>
<li><a href="#siag-substring">substring</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<li><a href="#siag-suma">suma</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumif">sumif</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumproduct">sumproduct</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumsq">sumsq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumx2my2">sumx2my2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumx2py2">sumx2py2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sumxmy_2">sumxmy_2</a>
<li><a href="#siag-sxhash">sxhash</a>
<li><a href="#siag-syd">syd</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tanh">tanh</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbilleq">tbilleq</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbillprice">tbillprice</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tbillyield">tbillyield</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tdist">tdist</a>
<li><a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<li><a href="#siag-timevalue">timevalue</a>
<li><a href="#siag-tinv">tinv</a>
<li><a href="#siag-totalheight">totalheight</a>
<li><a href="#siag-totalwidth">totalwidth</a>
<li><a href="#siag-transpose">transpose</a>
<li><a href="#siag-trunc">trunc</a>
<li><a href="#siag-upper">upper</a>
<li><a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<li><a href="#siag-vara">vara</a>
<li><a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<li><a href="#siag-varpa">varpa</a>
<li><a href="#siag-vref">vref</a>
<li><a href="#siag-weekday">weekday</a>
<li><a href="#siag-weibull">weibull</a>
<li><a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<li><a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<li><a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<li><a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
</ul>
<hr>
<a name="siag-abs"></a>
<h2>abs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
abs(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the absolute numerical value of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
abs(-3.14) returns 3.14.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fabs">fabs</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-acos"></a>
<h2>acos</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
acos(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse cosine of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-acosh"></a>
<h2>acosh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
acosh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ACOSH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0,
acosh() returns the NUM! error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ACOSH(2) equals 1.31696.
<p>
ACOSH(5.3) equals 2.35183.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-acos">acos</a>
<a href="#siag-asinh">asinh</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-address"></a>
<h2>address</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
address(row_num, col_num[, abs_num, a1, text])
<h3>Description</h3>
Address returns a cell address as text for specified row and column
numbers.
<p>
If abs_num is 1 or omitted, address returns absolute reference. If
abs_num is 2, address returns absolute row and relative column. If
abs_num is 3, address returns relative row and absolute column. If
abs_num is 4, address returns relative reference. If abs_num is
greater than 4, address returns error.
<p>
a1 is a logical value that specifies the reference style. If a1 is
TRUE or omitted, address returns an A1-style reference, i.e. $D$4.
Otherwise address returns an R1C1-style reference, i.e. R4C4.
<p>
text specifies the name of the worksheet to be used as the external
reference.
<p>
If row_num or col_num is less than one, address returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-and"></a>
<h2>and</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
and(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
And implements the logical and function: the result is TRUE if all of
the expression evaluates to TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.
<p>
b1, trough bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered
FALSE and anything else is TRUE.
<p>
If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
If no logical values are provided, then error is returned.
Excel compatible. The name of the function is @and,
since and is used by Scheme.
<h3>Examples</h3>
and(TRUE,TRUE) equals TRUE.
<p>
and(TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.
<p>
Let us assume that A1 holds number five and A2 number one. Then
<p>
and(A1>3,A2<2) equals TRUE.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-or">or</a>
<a href="#siag-not">not</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ash"></a>
<h2>ash</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ash(value, bits)
<h3>Description</h3>
Arithmetic shift of value a given number of bits to the left (positive)
or right (negative).
<h3>Examples</h3>
ash(1, 2) returns 4.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-asin"></a>
<h2>asin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
asin(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse sin of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-asinh"></a>
<h2>asinh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
asinh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ASINH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic sine is x.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ASINH(0.5) equals 0.481212.
<p>
ASINH(1.0) equals 0.881374.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-asin">asin</a>
<a href="#siag-acosh">acosh</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan"></a>
<h2>atan</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan2"></a>
<h2>atan2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan2(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan_2">atan_2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atan_2"></a>
<h2>atan_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atan_2(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y. This is the same function as atan2,
but avoids being interpreted as an A1 style reference.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-atanh"></a>
<h2>atanh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
atanh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ATANH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that
is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of
x is greater than 1.0, ATANH returns NUM! error. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ATANH(0.5) equals 0.549306.
<p>
ATANH(0.8) equals 1.098612.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-avedev"></a>
<h2>avedev</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
avedev(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Avedev returns the average of the absolute deviations of a data set
from their mean. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
avedev(A1..A5) equals 7.84.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-average"></a>
<h2>average</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
average(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Average computes the average of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. This is equivalent to the sum of the arguments
divided by the count of the arguments. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
average(A1..A5) equals 23.2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-averagea"></a>
<h2>averagea</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
averagea(number1, number2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Averagea returns the average of the given arguments. Numbers, text and
logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
averagea(A1..A5) equals 18.94.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-base64decode"></a>
<h2>base64decode</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
base64decode(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Given a string X in base64 representation returns a string
with bytes computed using the base64 decoding algorithm.
See <a href="http://info.internet.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc/files/rfc1521.txt">rfc1521.txt</a>.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-base64encode">base64encode</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-base64encode"></a>
<h2>base64encode</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
base64encode(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a string computed using the base64 encoding algorithm.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-base64decode">base64decode</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besseli"></a>
<h2>besseli</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besseli(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besseli returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besseli(0.7,3) equals 0.007367374.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besselj"></a>
<h2>besselj</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besselj(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besselj returns the bessel function with x is where the
function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel function, if
non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besselj(0.89,3) equals 0.013974004.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-besselk"></a>
<h2>besselk</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
besselk(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Besselk returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
besselk(3,9) equals 397.95880.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-bessely">bessely</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bessely"></a>
<h2>bessely</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bessely(x, order)
<h3>Description</h3>
Bessely returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
<p>
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bessely(4,2) equals 0.215903595.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-besseli">besseli</a>
<a href="#siag-besselj">besselj</a>
<a href="#siag-besselk">besselk</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-betadist"></a>
<h2>betadist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
betadist(x, alpha, beta[, a, b])
<h3>Description</h3>
Betadist returns the cumulative beta distribution. a is the
optional lower bound of x and b is the optional upper bound of x.
If a is not given, betadist uses 0. If b is not given, betadist uses
1.
<p>
If x < a or x > b betadist returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betadist returns error. If a >= b betadist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
betadist(0.12,2,3) equals 0.07319808.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-betainv">betainv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-betainv"></a>
<h2>betainv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
betainv(p, alpha, beta[, a, b])
<h3>Description</h3>
Betainv returns the inverse of cumulative beta distribution.
a is the optional lower bound of x and b is the optinal upper bound
of x. If a is not given, betainv uses 0. If b is not given, betainv
uses 1.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1, betainv returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betainv returns error. If a >= b, betainv returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
betainv(0.45,1.6,1) equals 0.607096629.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-betadist">betadist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2dec"></a>
<h2>bin2dec</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2dec(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2dec converts a binary number in string or number to its
decimal equivalent. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2dec(101) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2hex"></a>
<h2>bin2hex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2hex(number[, places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2hex converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2hex(100111) equals 27.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-bin2oct"></a>
<h2>bin2oct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
bin2oct(number[, places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Bin2oct converts a binary number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
bin2oct(110111) equals 67.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-binomdist"></a>
<h2>binomdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
binomdist(n, trials, p, cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
Binomdist returns the binomial distribution. n is the number
of successes, trials is the total number of independent trials, p is
the probability of success in trials, and cumulative describes
whether to return the sum of thebinomial function from 0 to n.
<p>
If n or trials are non-integer they are truncated. If n < 0 or
trials < 0 binomdist returns error. If n > trials binomdist
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1 binomdist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
binomdist(3,5,0.8,0) equals 0.2048.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cbrt"></a>
<h2>cbrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cbrt(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The cbrt() function returns the cube root of x. This
function cannot fail; every representable real value has a
representable real cube root.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sqrt">sqrt</a>
<a href="#siag-pow">pow</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cc_solv"></a>
<h2>cc_solv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cc_solv(a, b, n)
<h3>Description</h3>
Solve a general linear system A*x = b.
<p>
int solv(double a[],double b[],int n)
<p>
a = array containing system matrix A in row order
(altered to L-U factored form by computation)
<p>
b = array containing system vector b at entry and
solution vector x at exit
<p>
n = dimension of system
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ceil"></a>
<h2>ceil</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ceil(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
CEIL function rounds x up to the next nearest integer.
<p>
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
CEIL(0.4) equals 1.
<p>
CEIL(-1.1) equals -1.
<p>
CEIL(-2.9) equals -2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<a href="#siag-int">int</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ceiling"></a>
<h2>ceiling</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ceiling(x, significance)
<h3>Description</h3>
Ceiling rounds x up to the nearest multiple of
significance.
<p>
If x or significance is non-numeric ceiling returns error.
If x and significance have different signs ceiling returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ceiling(2.43,1) equals 3.
<p>
ceiling(123.123,3) equals 126.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-char"></a>
<h2>char</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
char(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Char returns the ASCII character represented by the number x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
char(65) equals A.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-code">code</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-chidist"></a>
<h2>chidist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
chidist(x, dof)
<h3>Description</h3>
Chidist returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared
distribution. dof is the number of degrees of freedom.
<p>
If dof is non-integer it is truncated. If dof < 1, chidist returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
chidist(5.3,2) equals 0.070651213.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-chiinv">chiinv</a>
<a href="#siag-chitest">chitest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-chiinv"></a>
<h2>chiinv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
chiinv(p, dof)
<h3>Description</h3>
Chiinv returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of
the chi-squared distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 or dof < 1, chiinv returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
chiinv(0.98,7) equals 1.564293004.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-chidist">chidist</a>
<a href="#siag-chitest">chitest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-choose"></a>
<h2>choose</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
choose(index[, value1][, value2]...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Choose returns the value of index index. index is rounded to an
integer if it is not.
<p>
If index < 1 or index > number of values: returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-if">if</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-code"></a>
<h2>code</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
code(char)
<h3>Description</h3>
Code returns the ASCII number for the character char.
<h3>Examples</h3>
code("A") equals 65.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-char">char</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-columns"></a>
<h2>columns</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
columns(range)
<h3>Description</h3>
The columns function returns the number of columns in area or array
reference.
<p>
If reference is neither an array nor a range returns
error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-column">column</a>
<a href="#siag-row">row</a>
<a href="#siag-rows">rows</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-combin"></a>
<h2>combin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
combin(n, k)
<h3>Description</h3>
Combin computes the number of combinations.
<p>
Performing this function on a non-integer or a negative number returns
an error. Also if n is less than k returns an error. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
combin(8,6) equals 28.
<p>
combin(6,2) equals 15.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-complex"></a>
<h2>complex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
complex(real, im[, suffix])
<h3>Description</h3>
Complex returns a complex number of the form x + yi. real is the real
and im is the imaginary coefficient of the complex number. suffix is
the suffix for the imaginary coefficient. If it is omitted, complex
uses 'i' by default.
<p>
If suffix is neither 'i' nor 'j', complex returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
complex(1,-1) equals 1-i.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-concatenate"></a>
<h2>concatenate</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
concatenate(string1[, string2...])
<h3>Description</h3>
Concatenate returns up appended strings.
<h3>Examples</h3>
concatenate("aa","bb") equals "aabb".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-left">left</a>
<a href="#siag-mid">mid</a>
<a href="#siag-right">right</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-confidence"></a>
<h2>confidence</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
confidence(x, stddev, size)
<h3>Description</h3>
Confidence returns the confidence interval for a mean. x is
the significance level, stddev is the standard deviation, and size
is the size of the sample.
<p>
If size is non-integer it is truncated. If size < 0, confidence
returns error. If size is 0, confidence returns error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
confidence(0.05,1,33) equals 0.341185936.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-convert"></a>
<h2>convert</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
convert(number, from_unit, to_unit)
<h3>Description</h3>
Convert returns a conversion from one measurement system to another.
For example, you can convert a weight in pounds to a weight in grams.
number is the value you want to convert, from_unit specifies the
unit of the number, and to_unit is the unit for the result.
<p>
from_unit and to_unit can be any of the following:
<p>
Weight and mass:
<p>
'g' Gram
<p>
'sg' Slug
<p>
'lbm' Pound
<p>
'u' U (atomic mass)
<p>
'ozm' Ounce
<p>
Distance:
<p>
'm' Meter
<p>
'mi' Statute mile
<p>
'Nmi' Nautical mile
<p>
'in' Inch
<p>
'ft' Foot
<p>
'yd' Yard
<p>
'ang' Angstrom
<p>
'Pica' Pica
<p>
Time:
<p>
'yr' Year
<p>
'day' Day
<p>
'hr' Hour
<p>
'mn' Minute
<p>
'sec' Second
<p>
Pressure:
<p>
'Pa' Pascal
<p>
'atm' Atmosphere
<p>
'mmHg' mm of Mercury
<p>
Force:
<p>
'N' Newton
<p>
'dyn' Dyne
<p>
'lbf' Pound force
<p>
Energy:
<p>
'J' Joule
<p>
'e' Erg
<p>
'c' Thermodynamic calorie
<p>
'cal' IT calorie
<p>
'eV' Electron volt
<p>
'HPh' Horsepower-hour
<p>
'Wh' Watt-hour
<p>
'flb' Foot-pound
<p>
'BTU' BTU
<p>
Power:
<p>
'HP' Horsepower
<p>
'W' Watt
<p>
Magnetism:
<p>
'T' Tesla
<p>
'ga' Gauss
<p>
Temperature:
<p>
'C' Degree Celsius
<p>
'F' Degree Fahrenheit
<p>
'K' Degree Kelvin
<p>
Liquid measure:
<p>
'tsp' Teaspoon
<p>
'tbs' Tablespoon
<p>
'oz' Fluid ounce
<p>
'cup' Cup
<p>
'pt' Pint
<p>
'qt' Quart
<p>
'gal' Gallon
<p>
'l' Liter
<p>
For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used:
<p>
'E' exa 1E+18
<p>
'P' peta 1E+15
<p>
'T' tera 1E+12
<p>
'G' giga 1E+09
<p>
'M' mega 1E+06
<p>
'k' kilo 1E+03
<p>
'h' hecto 1E+02
<p>
'e' dekao 1E+01
<p>
'd' deci 1E-01
<p>
'c' centi 1E-02
<p>
'm' milli 1E-03
<p>
'u' micro 1E-06
<p>
'n' nano 1E-09
<p>
'p' pico 1E-12
<p>
'f' femto 1E-15
<p>
'a' atto 1E-18
<p>
If from_unit and to_unit are different types, CONVERT returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
convert(3,"lbm","g") equals 1360.7769.
<p>
convert(5.8,"m","in") equals 228.3465.
<p>
convert(7.9,"cal","J") equals 33.07567.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cos"></a>
<h2>cos</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cos(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the cosine where x is in units of radians.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-cosh"></a>
<h2>cosh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
cosh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined
mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2. x is in radians.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
COSH(0.5) equals 1.127626.
<p>
COSH(1) equals 1.543081.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-sinh">sinh</a>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-tanh">tanh</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-count"></a>
<h2>count</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
count(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Count returns the total number of integer or floating point arguments
passed. Empty cells do not count. Strings and labels do not count.
Complex numbers do not count.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
count(A1..A5) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-counta"></a>
<h2>counta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
counta(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Counta returns the number of arguments passed not including empty
cells. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, "missing", "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
counta(A1..A5) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<a href="#siag-dcounta">dcounta</a>
<a href="#siag-product">product</a>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-countblank"></a>
<h2>countblank</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
countblank(range)
<h3>Description</h3>
Countblank returns the number of blank cells in a range. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-countif"></a>
<h2>countif</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
countif(range, criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Countif counts the number of cells in the given range that
meet the given criteria. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27,
28, 33, and 39. Then
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"<=28") equals 3.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"<28") equals 2.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,"28") equals 1.
<p>
countif(A1..A5,">28") equals 2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-sumif">sumif</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-critbinom"></a>
<h2>critbinom</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
critbinom(trials,p,alpha)
<h3>Description</h3>
Critbinom returns the smallest value for which thecumulative
is greater than or equal to a given value. n is the number of trials,
p is the probability of success in trials, and alpha is the
criterion value.
<p>
If trials is a non-integer it is truncated. If trials < 0, critbinom
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1, critbinom returns
error. If alpha < 0 or alpha > 1, critbinom returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
critbinom(10,0.5,0.75) equals 6.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-crypt"></a>
<h2>crypt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
crypt(key, salt)
<h3>Description</h3>
A form of string hash.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-currency_rate"></a>
<h2>currency_rate</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
currency_rate(from, to)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches currency exchange rates from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
currency_rate("SEK", "FRF") returns the value in French francs
of one Swedish krona.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-euro">euro</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-datevalue"></a>
<h2>datevalue</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
datevalue(date_str)
<h3>Description</h3>
Datevalue returns the serial number of the date. date_str is the
string that contains the date. For example, datevalue("1/1/1999")
equals 36160.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-date">date</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-daverage"></a>
<h2>daverage</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
daverage(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Daverage returns the average of the values in a list or
database that match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 42296.3333.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..A11) equals 39.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 40782.5.
<p>
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 36.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-day"></a>
<h2>day</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
day(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a day.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dcount"></a>
<h2>dcount</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dcount(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dcount counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
that match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
<p>
dcount(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-daverage">daverage</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dcounta"></a>
<h2>dcounta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dcounta(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dcounta counts the cells that contain data in a database that
match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
<p>
dcounta(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2bin"></a>
<h2>dec2bin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2bin(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2bin converts a decimal number to a binary number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2bin(42) equals 101010.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-bin2dec">bin2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2hex"></a>
<h2>dec2hex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2hex(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2hex converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2hex(42) equals 2A.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dec2oct"></a>
<h2>dec2oct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dec2oct(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dec2oct converts a decimal number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dec2oct(42) equals 52.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2bin">dec2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-define"></a>
<h2>define</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
define(variable, value)
<h3>Description</h3>
A special form used to assign a value to a variable:
<p>
define(variable, value)
<p>
The variable can then be used in other places in the sheet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let's say that A1 contains the value 2 and B1 contains the value 3.
<p>
define(foo, a1*b1) returns 6 and also defines the variable foo.
<p>
foo returns 6 after the definition above.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-degrees"></a>
<h2>degrees</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
degrees(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Degrees computes the number of degrees equivalent to x radians. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
degrees(2.5) equals 143.2394.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-delta"></a>
<h2>delta</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
delta(x[,y])
<h3>Description</h3>
Delta tests for numerical equivilance of two arguments
returning 1 in equality y is optional, and defaults to 0.
<p>
If either argument is non-numeric returns a error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
delta(42.99,43) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exact">exact</a>
<a href="#siag-gestep">gestep</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-devsq"></a>
<h2>devsq</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
devsq(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Devsq returns the sum of squares of deviations of a data set from the
sample mean.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
devsq(A1..A5) equals 470.56.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dget"></a>
<h2>dget</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dget(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dget returns a single value from a column that match
conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dget(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A10) equals 34323.
<p>
dget(A1..C7, "Name", A9..A10) equals "Clark".
<p>
If none of the items match the conditions, dget returns error.
If more than one items match the conditions, dget returns error.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dcount">dcount</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dmax"></a>
<h2>dmax</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dmax(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dmax returns the largest number in a column that match
conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dmax(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 47242.
<p>
dmax(A1..C7, "Age", A9..A11) equals 45.
<p>
dmax(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 43.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dmin">dmin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dmin"></a>
<h2>dmin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dmin(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dmin returns the smallest number in a column that match
conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dmin(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 34323.
<p>
dmin(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 29.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dmax">dmax</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dollar"></a>
<h2>dollar</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dollar(num[,decimals])
<h3>Description</h3>
Dollar returns num formatted as currency.
<h3>Examples</h3>
dollar(12345) equals "$12,345.00".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fixed">fixed</a>
<a href="#siag-text">text</a>
<a href="#siag-value">value</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dproduct"></a>
<h2>dproduct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dproduct(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dproduct returns the product of numbers in a column that
match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dproduct(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 1247.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dsum">dsum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-drem"></a>
<h2>drem</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
drem(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
The drem() function computes the remainder of dividing x
by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quo-
tient of x / y, rounded to the nearest integer. If the
quotient is 1/2, it is rounded to the even number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fmod">fmod</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dstdev"></a>
<h2>dstdev</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dstdev(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dstdev returns the estimate of the standard deviation of a
population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that
match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dstdev(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 9.89949.
<p>
dstdev(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 9135.112506.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dstdevp">dstdevp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dstdevp"></a>
<h2>dstdevp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dstdevp(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dstdevp returns the standard deviation of a population based
on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that
match conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dstdevp(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 7.
<p>
dstdevp(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 6459.5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dstdev">dstdev</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dsum"></a>
<h2>dsum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dsum(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dsum returns the sum of numbers in a column that match
conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dsum(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 72.
<p>
dsum(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 81565.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dproduct">dproduct</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-duration"></a>
<h2>duration</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
duration(rate,pv,fv)
<h3>Description</h3>
Duration calculates number of periods needed for an investment to
attain a desired value. This function is similar to fv and pv with a
difference that we do not need give the direction of cash flows e.g.
-100 for a cash outflow and +100 for a cash inflow.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dvar"></a>
<h2>dvar</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dvar(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dvar returns the estimate of variance of a population based
on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions
specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dvar(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 98.
<p>
dvar(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 83450280.5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dvarp">dvarp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-dvarp"></a>
<h2>dvarp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
dvarp(database,field,criteria)
<h3>Description</h3>
Dvarp returns the variance of a population based on the
entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match
conditions specified.
<p>
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
<p>
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
<p>
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
<p>
Name Age Salary
<p>
John 34 54342
<p>
Bill 35 22343
<p>
Clark 29 34323
<p>
Bob 43 47242
<p>
Susan 37 42932
<p>
Jill 45 45324
<p>
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
<p>
Age Salary
<p>
<30
<p>
>40 >46000
<p>
dvarp(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 49.
<p>
dvarp(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 41725140.25.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dvar">dvar</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-effect"></a>
<h2>effect</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
effect(r,nper)
<h3>Description</h3>
Effect calculates the effective interest rate from a given nominal
rate.
<p>
Effective interest rate is calculated using this formulae:
<p>
r( 1 + ------ ) ^ nper - 1 nper
<p>
where:
<p>
r = nominal interest rate (stated in yearly terms)
<p>
nper = number of periods used for compounding
<h3>Examples</h3>
For example credit cards will list an APR (annual percentage rate)
which is a nominal interest rate.
<p>
For example if you wanted to find out how much you are actually paying
interest on your credit card that states an APR of 19% that is
compounded monthly you would type in:
<p>
effect(.19,12) and you would get .2075 or 20.75%. That is the
effective percentage you will pay on your loan.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-nominal">nominal</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-erf"></a>
<h2>erf</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
erf(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ERF function returns the integral of the error function between
zero and x.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ERF(0.4) equals 0.428392355.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-erfc">erfc</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-erfc"></a>
<h2>erfc</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
erfc(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The ERFC function returns the integral of the complimentary error
function between the limits 0 and x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-erf">erf</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-euro"></a>
<h2>euro</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
euro(currency)
<h3>Description</h3>
Euro converts one Euro to a given national currency in the European
monetary union. currency is one of the following:
<p>
ATS (Austria)
<p>
BEF (Belgium)
<p>
DEM (Germany)
<p>
ESP (Spain)
<p>
FIM (Finland)
<p>
FRF (France)
<p>
IEP (Ireland)
<p>
ITL (Italy)
<p>
LUF (Luxemburg)
<p>
NLG (Netherlands)
<p>
PTE (Portugal)
<p>
If the given currency is other than one of the above, EURO returns
error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
euro("DEM") returns 1.95583.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-currency_rate">currency_rate</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-even"></a>
<h2>even</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
even(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Even returns the number rounded up to the nearest even
integer. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
even(5.4) equals 6.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-odd">odd</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-exact"></a>
<h2>exact</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
exact(string1, string2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Exact returns true if string1 is exactly equal to string2 (this
routine is case sensitive).
<h3>Examples</h3>
exact("key","key") equals TRUE.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-len">len</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-exp"></a>
<h2>exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
exp(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes the exponential function of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-expm_1"></a>
<h2>expm_1</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
expm_1(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
expm_1(x) returns a value equivalent to `exp (x) - 1'. It
is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of
x is near zero--a case where `exp (x) - 1' would be inaccurate
due to subtraction of two numbers that are nearly
equal.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-expondist"></a>
<h2>expondist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
expondist(x,y,cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
Expondist returns the exponential distribution. If the
cumulative boolean is false it will return: y * exp (-y*x),
otherwise it will return 1 - exp (-y*x).
<p>
If x < 0 or y <= 0 this will return an error. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
expondist(2,4,0) equals 0.001341851.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fabs"></a>
<h2>fabs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fabs(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
FABS returns the absolute value of the number x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
fabs(1) equals 1.
<p>
fabs(-3.14) equals 3.14.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fact"></a>
<h2>fact</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fact(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fact computes the factorial of x. ie, x! This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
fact(3) equals 6.
<p>
fact(9) equals 362880.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-factdouble"></a>
<h2>factdouble</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
factdouble(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
FACTDOUBLE returns the double factorial of a number.
<p>
If number is not an integer, it is truncated. If number is negative
FACTDOUBLE returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FACTDOUBLE(5) equals 15.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fact">fact</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fdist"></a>
<h2>fdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fdist(x, dof1, dof2)
<h3>Description</h3>
FDIST returns the F probability distribution. dof1 is the
numerator degrees of freedom and dof2 is the denominator degrees of
freedom.
<p>
If x < 0 FDIST returns error. If dof1 < 1 or dof2 < 1, FDIST
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FDIST(2,5,5) equals 0.232511319.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-finv">finv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-finv"></a>
<h2>finv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
finv(p, dof1, dof2)
<h3>Description</h3>
FINV returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 FINV returns error. If dof1 < 1 or dof2 <
1 FINV returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FINV(0.2,2,4) equals 2.472135955.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fdist">fdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fisher"></a>
<h2>fisher</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fisher(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
FISHER returns the Fisher transformation at x.
<p>
If x is not-number FISHER returns error. If x <= -1 or x >=
1 FISHER returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FISHER(0.332) equals 0.345074339.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-skew">skew</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fisherinv"></a>
<h2>fisherinv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fisherinv(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
FISHERINV returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation at
x.
<p>
If x is non-number FISHERINV returns error. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FISHERINV(2) equals 0.96402758.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fisher">fisher</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fixed"></a>
<h2>fixed</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fixed(num,[decimals, no_commas])
<h3>Description</h3>
FIXED returns num as a formatted string with decimals numbers after
the decimal point, omitting commas if requested by no_commas.
<h3>Examples</h3>
FIXED(1234.567,2) equals "1,234.57".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-floor"></a>
<h2>floor</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
floor(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The floor() function rounds x downwards to the nearest
integer, returning that value as a double.
<h3>Examples</h3>
floor(3.14) equals 3.
<p>
floor(-3.14) equals -4.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fmod"></a>
<h2>fmod</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fmod(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Floating point mod.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-fv"></a>
<h2>fv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
fv(rate,term,pmt,pv,type)
<h3>Description</h3>
FV computes the future value of an investment. This is based on
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest
rate per period is rate, term is the number of periods in an
annuity, pmt is the payment made each period, pv is the present
value and type is when the payment is made. If type = 1 then the
payment is made at the begining of the period. If type = 0 it is made
at the end of each period.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<a href="#siag-pmt">pmt</a>
<a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-g_product"></a>
<h2>g_product</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
g_product(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. Empty cells are ignored and the empty product in 1.
<h3>Examples</h3>
G_PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gammadist"></a>
<h2>gammadist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gammadist(x,alpha,beta,cum)
<h3>Description</h3>
GAMMADIST returns the gamma distribution. If cum is TRUE,
GAMMADIST returns the incomplete gamma function, otherwise it returns
the probability mass function.
<p>
If x < 0 GAMMADIST returns error. If alpha <= 0 or beta <= 0,
GAMMADIST returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
GAMMADIST(1,2,3,0) equals 0.07961459.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-gammainv">gammainv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gammainv"></a>
<h2>gammainv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gammainv(p,alpha,beta)
<h3>Description</h3>
GAMMAINV returns the inverse of the cumulative gamma
distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 GAMMAINV returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0 GAMMAINV returns error. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
gammainv(0.34,2,4) equals 4.829093908.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-gammadist">gammadist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gammaln"></a>
<h2>gammaln</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gammaln(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
gammaln returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
<p>
If x is non-number then gammaln returns error. If x <= 0
then gammaln returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
gammaln(23) equals 48.471181352.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gcd"></a>
<h2>gcd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gcd(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
gcd returns the greatest common divisor of given numbers.
<p>
If any of the arguments is less than zero, gcd returns error. If
any of the arguments is a non-integer, it is truncated. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
gcd(470,770) equals 10.
<p>
gcd(470,770,1495) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-lcm">lcm</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-geomean"></a>
<h2>geomean</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
geomean(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
GEOMEAN returns the geometric mean of the given arguments. This is
equal to the Nth root of the product of the terms. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
GEOMEAN(A1..A5) equals 21.279182482.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-harmean">harmean</a>
<a href="#siag-median">median</a>
<a href="#siag-mode">mode</a>
<a href="#siag-trimmean">trimmean</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gestep"></a>
<h2>gestep</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gestep(x[,y])
<h3>Description</h3>
gestep test for if x is >= y, returning 1 if it is so, and
0 otherwise. y is optional, and defaults to 0.
<p>
If either argument is non-numeric returns a error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
gestep(5,4) equals 1.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-delta">delta</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-get_cell"></a>
<h2>get_cell</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
get_cell(row, column, [sheet])
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the value in the specified row and column. If a sheet is
specified, it is used. Otherwise the current sheet is used.
<h3>Examples</h3>
get_cell(2, 3) returns the value in row 2, column 3 in the current sheet.
<p>
get_cell(2, 3, "Sheet 2") returns the value in row 2, column 3
in the sheet named "Sheet 2".
<p>
get_cell(2, 3, "1998.siag:") returns the value in row 2, column 3
in the first sheet of buffer "1998.siag".
<p>
get_cell(2, 3, "1998.siag:January") returns the value in row 2,
column 3 in the sheet named "January" in the buffer "1998.siag".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-href">href</a>
<a href="#siag-vref">vref</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getcwd"></a>
<h2>getcwd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getcwd()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the current working directory.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getenv"></a>
<h2>getenv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getenv(name)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the value of the environment variable named, or ().
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getgid"></a>
<h2>getgid</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getgid()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the group id of the process.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gethostid"></a>
<h2>gethostid</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gethostid()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a 32 bit number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-gethostname"></a>
<h2>gethostname</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
gethostname()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the configured name of the host.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getpgrp"></a>
<h2>getpgrp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getpgrp()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the process group ID of the calling process.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getpid"></a>
<h2>getpid</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getpid()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the process ID of the calling process.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getppid"></a>
<h2>getppid</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getppid()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the parent process ID of the calling process.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-getuid"></a>
<h2>getuid</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
getuid()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the uid of the current process.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hex2bin"></a>
<h2>hex2bin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hex2bin(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
The HEX2BIN function converts a hexadecimal number to a binary number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
HEX2BIN("2A") equals 101010.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-bin2hex">bin2hex</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2oct">hex2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hex2dec"></a>
<h2>hex2dec</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hex2dec(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The HEX2DEC function converts a hexadecimal number to its decimal
equivalent. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
HEX2DEC("2A") equals 42.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dec2hex">dec2hex</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2oct">hex2oct</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hex2oct"></a>
<h2>hex2oct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hex2oct(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
The HEX2OCT function converts a hexadecimal number to an octal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
HEX2OCT("2A") equals 52.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-oct2hex">oct2hex</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2bin">hex2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-hex2dec">hex2dec</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hlookup"></a>
<h2>hlookup</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hlookup(value,range,row[,approximate])
<h3>Description</h3>
HLOOKUP finds the col in range that has a first row cell
similar to value. If approximate is not true it finds the col with an
exact equivilance. If approximate is true, then the values must be
sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case
it finds the col with value less than value it returns the value in
the col found at a 1 based offset in row rows into the range.
Returns error if row < 0. Returns error if row falls outside range.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-vlookup">vlookup</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hour"></a>
<h2>hour</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hour(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to an hour. The hour is returned as an
integer in the range 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-minute">minute</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-second">second</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-href"></a>
<h2>href</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
href(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the contents from the cell x positions to the right.
<h3>Examples</h3>
href(-2) returns the cell 2 positions to the left.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-vref">vref</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hyperlink"></a>
<h2>hyperlink</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hyperlink(reference)
<h3>Description</h3>
The HYPERLINK function currently returns its 2nd argument, or if that
is omitted the 1st argument.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hypgeomdist"></a>
<h2>hypgeomdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hypgeomdist(x, n, M, N)
<h3>Description</h3>
HYPGEOMDIST returns the hypergeometric distribution. x is
the number of successes in the sample, n is the number of trials, M
is the number of successes overall, and N is thepopulation size.
<p>
If x,n,M or N is a non-integer it is truncated. If x,n,M or N
< 0 HYPGEOMDIST returns error. If x > M or n > N HYPGEOMDIST
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
HYPGEOMDIST(1,2,3,10) equals 0.4666667.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-hypot"></a>
<h2>hypot</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
hypot(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
The hypot() function returns the sqrt(x*x + y*y). This is
the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle
with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point
(x, y) from the origin.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sqrt">sqrt</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imabs"></a>
<h2>imabs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imabs(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMABS returns the absolute value of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMABS("2-j") equals 2.23606798.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imaginary">imaginary</a>
<a href="#siag-imreal">imreal</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imaginary"></a>
<h2>imaginary</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imaginary(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMAGINARY returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMAGINARY("132-j") equals -1.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imreal">imreal</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imargument"></a>
<h2>imargument</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imargument(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMARGUMENT returns the argument theta of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMARGUMENT("2-j") equals -0.463647609.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imconjugate"></a>
<h2>imconjugate</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imconjugate(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMCONJUGATE returns the complex conjugate of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMCONJUGATE("1-j") equals 1+j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imaginary">imaginary</a>
<a href="#siag-imreal">imreal</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imcos"></a>
<h2>imcos</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imcos(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMCOS returns the cosine of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMCOS("1+j") equals 0.833730-0.988898j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imsin">imsin</a>
<a href="#siag-imtan">imtan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imdiv"></a>
<h2>imdiv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imdiv(inumber,inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMDIV returns the quotient of two complex numbers. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMDIV("2-j","2+j") equals 0.6-0.8j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-improduct">improduct</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imexp"></a>
<h2>imexp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imexp(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMEXP returns the exponential of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMEXP("2-j") equals 3.992324-6.217676j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imln">imln</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imln"></a>
<h2>imln</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imln(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMLN returns the natural logarithm of a complex number. (The result
will have an imaginary part between -pi an +pi. The natural logarithm
is not uniquely defined on complex numbers. You may need to add or
subtract an even multiple of pi to the imaginary part.) This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMLN("3-j") equals 1.15129-0.32175j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imexp">imexp</a>
<a href="#siag-imlog2">imlog2</a>
<a href="#siag-imlog10">imlog10</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imlog_10"></a>
<h2>imlog_10</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imlog_10(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMLOG_10 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 10. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMLOG_10("3-j") equals 0.5-0.13973j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imln">imln</a>
<a href="#siag-imlog_2">imlog_2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imlog_2"></a>
<h2>imlog_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imlog_2(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMLOG_2 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 2. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMLOG_2("3-j") equals 1.66096-0.46419j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imln">imln</a>
<a href="#siag-imlog_10">imlog_10</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-impower"></a>
<h2>impower</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
impower(inumber,number)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMPOWER returns a complex number raised to a power. inumber is the
complex number to be raised to a power and number is the power to
which you want to raise the complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMPOWER("4-j",2) equals 15-8j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imsqrt">imsqrt</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-improduct"></a>
<h2>improduct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
improduct(inumber1[,inumber2,...])
<h3>Description</h3>
IMPRODUCT returns the product of given complex numbers. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMPRODUCT("2-j","4-2j") equals 6-8j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imdiv">imdiv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imreal"></a>
<h2>imreal</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imreal(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMREAL returns the real coefficient of a complex number. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
imreal("132-j") equals 132.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imaginary">imaginary</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imsin"></a>
<h2>imsin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imsin(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMSIN returns the sine of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMSIN("1+j") equals 1.29846+0.63496j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imcos">imcos</a>
<a href="#siag-imtan">imtan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imsqrt"></a>
<h2>imsqrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imsqrt(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMSQRT returns the square root of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMSQRT("1+j") equals 1.09868+0.4550899j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-impower">impower</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imsub"></a>
<h2>imsub</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imsub(inumber,inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMSUB returns the difference of two complex numbers. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMSUB("3-j","2+j") equals 1-2j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imsum">imsum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imsum"></a>
<h2>imsum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imsum(inumber,inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMSUM returns the sum of two complex numbers. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
IMSUM("2-4j","9-j") equals 11-5j.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imsub">imsub</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-imtan"></a>
<h2>imtan</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
imtan(inumber)
<h3>Description</h3>
IMTAN returns the tangent of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-imsin">imsin</a>
<a href="#siag-imcos">imcos</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-inet_addr"></a>
<h2>inet_addr</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
inet_addr(str)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a "x.x.x.x" dotted notation string or a byte
array into a number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-info"></a>
<h2>info</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
info()
<h3>Description</h3>
INFO returns information about the current operating environment. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-int"></a>
<h2>int</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
int(a)
<h3>Description</h3>
INT rounds a now to the nearest integer where `nearest'
implies being closer to zero. INT is equivalent to FLOOR(a) for a >=
0, and CEIL(a) for a < 0. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
INT(7.2) equals 7.
<p>
INT(-5.5) equals -6.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<a href="#siag-abs">abs</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-isblank"></a>
<h2>isblank</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
isblank(exp)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISBLANK returns TRUE if the value is blank. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-iseven"></a>
<h2>iseven</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
iseven(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISEVEN returns TRUE if the number is even. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-isodd">isodd</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-islogical"></a>
<h2>islogical</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
islogical(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISLOGICAL returns TRUE if the value is a logical value. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-isna"></a>
<h2>isna</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
isna(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISNA returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value. This function
is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-isnontext"></a>
<h2>isnontext</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
isnontext(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISNONTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is not text. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-istext">istext</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-isnumber"></a>
<h2>isnumber</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
isnumber(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISNUMBER returns TRUE if the value is a number. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-isodd"></a>
<h2>isodd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
isodd()
<h3>Description</h3>
ISODD returns TRUE if the number is odd. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-iseven">iseven</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ispmt"></a>
<h2>ispmt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ispmt(rate,per,nper,pv)
<h3>Description</h3>
ISPMT returns the interest paid on a given period.
<p>
If per < 1 or per > nper, ISPMT returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-istext"></a>
<h2>istext</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
istext()
<h3>Description</h3>
ISTEXT returns TRUE if the value is text. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-isnontext">isnontext</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-j_0"></a>
<h2>j_0</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
j_0(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The j_0() and j_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-j_1"></a>
<h2>j_1</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
j_1(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The j_0() and j_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-jn"></a>
<h2>jn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
jn(n, x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The
jn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the
first kind of order n.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-kurt"></a>
<h2>kurt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
kurt(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
KURT returns an unbiased estimate of the kurtosis of a data set.
<p>
Note, that this is only meaningful is the underlying distribution
really has a fourth moment. The kurtosis is offset by three such that
a normal distribution will have zero kurtosis.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If fewer than four numbers are given or all of them are equal KURT
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
KURT(A1..A5) equals 1.234546305.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<a href="#siag-skew">skew</a>
<a href="#siag-kurtp">kurtp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-kurtp"></a>
<h2>kurtp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
kurtp(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
KURTP returns the population kurtosis of a data set.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If fewer than two numbers are given or all of them are equal KURTP
returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
KURTP(A1..A5) equals -0.691363424.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<a href="#siag-skewp">skewp</a>
<a href="#siag-kurt">kurt</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-large"></a>
<h2>large</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
large(n1, n2, ..., k)
<h3>Description</h3>
LARGE returns the k-th largest value in a data set.
<p>
If data set is empty LARGE returns error. If k <= 0 or k is
greater than the number of data items given LARGE returns error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
LARGE(A1..A5,2) equals 25.9.
<p>
LARGE(A1..A5,4) equals 17.3.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-percentile">percentile</a>
<a href="#siag-percentrank">percentrank</a>
<a href="#siag-quartile">quartile</a>
<a href="#siag-small">small</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-lcm"></a>
<h2>lcm</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
lcm(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
LCM returns the least common multiple of integers. The least common
multiple is the smallest positive number that is a multiple of all
integer arguments given.
<p>
If any of the arguments is less than one, LCM returns error.
Excel compatible. Requires the GMP library.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LCM(2,13) equals 26.
<p>
LCM(4,7,5) equals 140.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-gcd">gcd</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-left"></a>
<h2>left</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
left(text[,num_chars])
<h3>Description</h3>
LEFT returns the leftmost num_chars characters or the left character
if num_chars is not specified.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LEFT("Directory",3) equals "Dir".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mid">mid</a>
<a href="#siag-right">right</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-len"></a>
<h2>len</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
len(string)
<h3>Description</h3>
LEN returns the length in characters of the string string.
<h3>Examples</h3>
len("Helsinki") equals 8.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-char">char</a>
<a href="#siag-code">code</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-length"></a>
<h2>length</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
length()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the length of an object which may be a string (acts like strlen)
or a list, or an array.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-lgamma"></a>
<h2>lgamma</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
lgamma(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The lgamma() function returns the log of the absolute
value of the Gamma function.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-infnan">infnan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ln"></a>
<h2>ln</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ln(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
LN returns the natural logarithm of x. If x <= 0, LN returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LN(7) equals 1.94591.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<a href="#siag-log_2">log_2</a>
<a href="#siag-log_10">log_10</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-log"></a>
<h2>log</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
log(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes the natural logarithm of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-log1p"></a>
<h2>log1p</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
log1p(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
log1p(x) returns a value equivalent to `log (1 + x)'. It
is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of
x is near zero.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-log_10"></a>
<h2>log_10</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
log_10(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The log10() function returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-log_2"></a>
<h2>log_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
log_2(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
LOG_2 computes the base-2 logarithm of x. If x <= 0, LOG_2 returns
error. The name of this functions is log_2 rather than log2, otherwise Siag
would interpret the name as a reference.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LOG_2(1024) equals 10.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<a href="#siag-log_10">log_10</a>
<a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-loginv"></a>
<h2>loginv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
loginv(p,mean,stdev)
<h3>Description</h3>
LOGINV returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative
distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to the normal
distribution, mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and
stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 or stdev <= 0 LOGINV returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LOGINV(0.5,2,3) equals 7.389056099.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<a href="#siag-ln">ln</a>
<a href="#siag-log">log</a>
<a href="#siag-log10">log10</a>
<a href="#siag-lognormdist">lognormdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-lognormdist"></a>
<h2>lognormdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
lognormdist(x,mean,stdev)
<h3>Description</h3>
lognormdist returns the lognormal distribution. x is the
value for which you want the distribution, mean is the mean of the
distribution, and stdev is the standard deviation of the
distribution. Excel compatible.
<p>
If stdev = 0 lognormdist returns error. If x <= 0, mean < 0
or stdev < 0 lognormdist returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
lognormdist(3,1,2) equals 0.519662338.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-lower"></a>
<h2>lower</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
lower(text)
<h3>Description</h3>
LOWER returns a lower-case version of the string in text.
<h3>Examples</h3>
LOWER("J. F. Kennedy") equals "j. f. kennedy".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-upper">upper</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-max"></a>
<h2>max</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
max(x1, x2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the maximum of x1, x2, etc.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-maxa"></a>
<h2>maxa</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
maxa(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
MAXA returns the largest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
MINA(A1..A5) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-max">max</a>
<a href="#siag-mina">mina</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-median"></a>
<h2>median</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
median(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
MEDIAN returns the median of the given data set.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. If even numbers are given
MEDIAN returns the average of the two numbers in the middle. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
MEDIAN(A1..A5) equals 21.3.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-counta">counta</a>
<a href="#siag-daverage">daverage</a>
<a href="#siag-mode">mode</a>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-min"></a>
<h2>min</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
min(x1, x2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the numerical minimum of its arguments.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mina"></a>
<h2>mina</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mina(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
MINA returns the smallest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
MAXA(A1..A5) equals 40.1.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-min">min</a>
<a href="#siag-maxa">maxa</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-minute"></a>
<h2>minute</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
minute(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a minute. The minute is returned as an
integer in the range 0 to 59.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-second">second</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mmult"></a>
<h2>mmult</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mmult(array1,array2)
<h3>Description</h3>
MMULT returns the matrix product of two arrays. The result is
an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number
of columns as array2. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-transpose">transpose</a>
<a href="#siag-minverse">minverse</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mod"></a>
<h2>mod</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mod(number,divisor)
<h3>Description</h3>
MOD returns the remainder when divisor is divided into
number. Excel compatible.
<p>
MOD returns error if divisor is zero.
<h3>Examples</h3>
MOD(23,7) equals 2.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-int">int</a>
<a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-month"></a>
<h2>month</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
month(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a month.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-day">day</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_abs"></a>
<h2>mpf_abs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_abs(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the absolute value of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_add"></a>
<h2>mpf_add</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_add(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 + OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_ceil"></a>
<h2>mpf_ceil</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_ceil(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mpf_floor">mpf_floor</a>
<a href="#siag-mpf_trunc">mpf_trunc</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_cmp"></a>
<h2>mpf_cmp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_cmp(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compare OP1 and OP2. Return a positive value if OP1 > OP2, zero
if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1 < OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_div"></a>
<h2>mpf_div</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_div(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1/OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_div_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpf_div_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_div_2exp(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 divided by 2 raised to OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_eq"></a>
<h2>mpf_eq</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_eq(op1, op2, op3)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return non-zero if the first OP3 bits of OP1 and OP2 are equal,
zero otherwise. I.e., test if OP1 and OP2 are approximately equal.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_floor"></a>
<h2>mpf_floor</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_floor(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mpf_ceil">mpf_ceil</a>
<a href="#siag-mpf_trunc">mpf_trunc</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_mul"></a>
<h2>mpf_mul</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_mul(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 times OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_mul_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpf_mul_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_mul_2exp(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 times 2 raised to OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_neg"></a>
<h2>mpf_neg</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_neg(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to -OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_pow_ui"></a>
<h2>mpf_pow_ui</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_pow_ui(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 raised to the power OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_reldiff"></a>
<h2>mpf_reldiff</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_reldiff(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the relative difference between OP1 and OP2 and store the
result in ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_sgn"></a>
<h2>mpf_sgn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_sgn(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return +1 if OP > 0, 0 if OP = 0, and -1 if OP < 0.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_sqrt"></a>
<h2>mpf_sqrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_sqrt(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the square root of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_sub"></a>
<h2>mpf_sub</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_sub(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 - OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpf_trunc"></a>
<h2>mpf_trunc</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpf_trunc(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mpf_floor">mpf_floor</a>
<a href="#siag-mpf_ceil">mpf_ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_abs"></a>
<h2>mpz_abs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_abs(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the absolute value of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_add"></a>
<h2>mpz_add</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_add(a, b)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a+b for integers of arbitrary size.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_and"></a>
<h2>mpz_and</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_and(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 logical-and OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_bin_ui"></a>
<h2>mpz_bin_ui</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_bin_ui(n, k)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the binomial coefficient N over K and store the result in
ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_cdiv_q"></a>
<h2>mpz_cdiv_q</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_cdiv_q(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to N/D, rounded towards +infinity.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_cdiv_r"></a>
<h2>mpz_cdiv_r</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_cdiv_r(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set R to (N - N/D * D), where the quotient is rounded towards
+infinity. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the opposite sign
as D.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_clrbit"></a>
<h2>mpz_clrbit</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_clrbit(rop, bit_index)
<h3>Description</h3>
Clear bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_cmp"></a>
<h2>mpz_cmp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_cmp(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compare OP1 and OP2. Return a positive value if OP1 > OP2, zero
if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1 < OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_cmpabs"></a>
<h2>mpz_cmpabs</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_cmpabs(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compare the absolute values of OP1 and OP2. Return a positive
value if OP1 > OP2, zero if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1
< OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_com"></a>
<h2>mpz_com</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_com(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the one's complement of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_divexact"></a>
<h2>mpz_divexact</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_divexact(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to N/D. This function produces correct results only when it
is known in advance that D divides N.
<p>
Since mpz_divexact is much faster than any of the other routines
that produce the quotient (*note References:: Jebelean), it is the
best choice for instances in which exact division is known to
occur, such as reducing a rational to lowest terms.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fac_ui"></a>
<h2>mpz_fac_ui</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fac_ui(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP!, the factorial of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fdiv_q"></a>
<h2>mpz_fdiv_q</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fdiv_q(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to N/D, rounded towards -infinity.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fdiv_q_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpz_fdiv_q_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fdiv_q_2exp(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to N divided by 2 raised to D, rounded towards -infinity.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fdiv_r"></a>
<h2>mpz_fdiv_r</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fdiv_r(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set R to (N - N/D * D), where the quotient is rounded towards
-infinity. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the same sign as D.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fdiv_r_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpz_fdiv_r_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fdiv_r_2exp(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Divide N by (2 raised to D) and put the remainder in R. The sign
of R will always be positive.
<p>
This operation can also be defined as masking of the D least
significant bits.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_fib_ui"></a>
<h2>mpz_fib_ui</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_fib_ui(n)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the Nth Fibonacci number and store the result in ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_gcd"></a>
<h2>mpz_gcd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_gcd(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the greatest common divisor of OP1 and OP2. The result
is always positive even if either of or both input operands are
negative.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_hamdist"></a>
<h2>mpz_hamdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_hamdist(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
If OP1 and OP2 are both non-negative, return the hamming distance
between the two operands. Otherwise, return the largest possible
value (MAX_ULONG).
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_invert"></a>
<h2>mpz_invert</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_invert(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the inverse of OP1 modulo OP2 and put the result in ROP.
Return non-zero if an inverse exist, zero otherwise. When the
function returns zero, ROP is undefined.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_ior"></a>
<h2>mpz_ior</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_ior(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 inclusive-or OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_jacobi"></a>
<h2>mpz_jacobi</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_jacobi(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the Jacobi and Legendre symbols, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mpz_legendre">mpz_legendre</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_lcm"></a>
<h2>mpz_lcm</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_lcm(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the least common multiple of OP1 and OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_legendre"></a>
<h2>mpz_legendre</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_legendre(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the Jacobi and Legendre symbols, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mpz_jacobi">mpz_jacobi</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_mod"></a>
<h2>mpz_mod</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_mod(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set R to N `mod' D. The sign of the divisor is ignored; the
result is always non-negative.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_mul"></a>
<h2>mpz_mul</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_mul(a, b)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a*b for integers of arbitrary size.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_mul_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpz_mul_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_mul_2exp(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 times 2 raised to OP2. This operation can also be
defined as a left shift, OP2 steps.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_neg"></a>
<h2>mpz_neg</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_neg(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to -OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_nextprime"></a>
<h2>mpz_nextprime</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_nextprime(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the next prime greater than OP.
<p>
This function uses a probabilistic algorithm to identify primes,
but for for practical purposes it's adequate, since the chance of
a composite passing will be extremely small.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_perfect_power_p"></a>
<h2>mpz_perfect_power_p</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_perfect_power_p(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return non-zero if OP is a perfect power, i.e., if there exist
integers A and B, with B > 1, such that OP equals a raised to b.
Return zero otherwise.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_perfect_square_p"></a>
<h2>mpz_perfect_square_p</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_perfect_square_p(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return non-zero if OP is a perfect square, i.e., if the square
root of OP is an integer. Return zero otherwise.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_popcount"></a>
<h2>mpz_popcount</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_popcount(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
For non-negative numbers, return the population count of OP. For
negative numbers, return the largest possible value (MAX_ULONG).
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_pow_ui"></a>
<h2>mpz_pow_ui</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_pow_ui(base, exp)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to BASE raised to EXP. The case of 0^0 yields 1.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_powm"></a>
<h2>mpz_powm</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_powm(base, exp, mod)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to (BASE raised to EXP) `mod' MOD. If EXP is negative,
the result is undefined.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_probab_prime_p"></a>
<h2>mpz_probab_prime_p</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_probab_prime_p(n, reps)
<h3>Description</h3>
If this function returns 0, N is definitely not prime. If it
returns 1, then N is `probably' prime. If it returns 2, then N is
surely prime. Reasonable values of reps vary from 5 to 10; a
higher value lowers the probability for a non-prime to pass as a
`probable' prime.
<p>
The function uses Miller-Rabin's probabilistic test.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_remove"></a>
<h2>mpz_remove</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_remove(op, f)
<h3>Description</h3>
Remove all occurrences of the factor F from OP and store the
result in ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_root"></a>
<h2>mpz_root</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_root(op, n)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the truncated integer part of the Nth root of OP.
Return non-zero if the computation was exact, i.e., if OP is ROP
to the Nth power.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_scan0"></a>
<h2>mpz_scan0</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_scan0(op, starting_bit)
<h3>Description</h3>
Scan OP, starting with bit STARTING_BIT, towards more significant
bits, until the first clear bit is found. Return the index of the
found bit.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_scan1"></a>
<h2>mpz_scan1</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_scan1(op, starting_bit)
<h3>Description</h3>
Scan OP, starting with bit STARTING_BIT, towards more significant
bits, until the first set bit is found. Return the index of the
found bit.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_setbit"></a>
<h2>mpz_setbit</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_setbit(rop, bit_index)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_sgn"></a>
<h2>mpz_sgn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_sgn(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return +1 if OP > 0, 0 if OP = 0, and -1 if OP < 0.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_sizeinbase"></a>
<h2>mpz_sizeinbase</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_sizeinbase(op, base)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return the size of OP measured in number of digits in base BASE.
The base may vary from 2 to 36. The returned value will be exact
or 1 too big. If BASE is a power of 2, the returned value will
always be exact.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_sqrt"></a>
<h2>mpz_sqrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_sqrt(op)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to the truncated integer part of the square root of OP.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_sub"></a>
<h2>mpz_sub</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_sub(a, b)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a-b for integers of arbitrary size.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_tdiv_q"></a>
<h2>mpz_tdiv_q</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_tdiv_q(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to [N/D], truncated towards 0.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_tdiv_q_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpz_tdiv_q_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_tdiv_q_2exp(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set Q to N divided by 2 raised to D. The quotient is truncated
towards 0.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_tdiv_r"></a>
<h2>mpz_tdiv_r</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_tdiv_r(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set R to (N - [N/D] * D), where the quotient is truncated towards
0. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the same sign as N.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_tdiv_r_2exp"></a>
<h2>mpz_tdiv_r_2exp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_tdiv_r_2exp(n, d)
<h3>Description</h3>
Divide N by (2 raised to D) and put the remainder in R. Unless it
is zero, R will have the same sign as N.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_tstbit"></a>
<h2>mpz_tstbit</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_tstbit(op, bit_index)
<h3>Description</h3>
Check bit BIT_INDEX in OP and return 0 or 1 accordingly.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mpz_xor"></a>
<h2>mpz_xor</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mpz_xor(op1, op2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Set ROP to OP1 exclusive-or OP2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-mround"></a>
<h2>mround</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
mround(number,multiple)
<h3>Description</h3>
MROUND rounds a given number to the desired multiple. number
is the number you want rounded and multiple is the the multiple to
which you want to round the number.
<p>
If number and multiple have different sign, MROUND returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
MROUND(1.7,0.2) equals 1.8.
<p>
MROUND(321.123,0.12) equals 321.12.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rounddown">rounddown</a>
<a href="#siag-round">round</a>
<a href="#siag-roundup">roundup</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-n"></a>
<h2>n</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
n(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
N returns a value converted to a number. Strings containing text are
converted to the zero value. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-negbinomdist"></a>
<h2>negbinomdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
negbinomdist(f,t,p)
<h3>Description</h3>
negbinomdist returns the negative binomial distribution. f
is the number of failures, t is the threshold number of successes,
and p is the probability of a success.
<p>
If f or t is a non-integer it is truncated. If (f + t -1) <= 0
negbinomdist returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1 negbinomdist
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
negbinomdist(2,5,0.55) equals 0.152872629.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-binomdist">binomdist</a>
<a href="#siag-combin">combin</a>
<a href="#siag-fact">fact</a>
<a href="#siag-hypgeomdist">hypgeomdist</a>
<a href="#siag-permut">permut</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-nominal"></a>
<h2>nominal</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
nominal(rate, nper)
<h3>Description</h3>
NOMINAL calculates the nominal interest rate from a given effective
rate.
<p>
Nominal interest rate is given by a formula:
<p>
nper * (( 1 + r ) ^ (1 / nper) - 1 )
<p>
where:
<p>
r = effective interest rate
<p>
nper = number of periods used for compounding
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-effect">effect</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-normdist"></a>
<h2>normdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
normdist(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
normdist returns the normal cumulative distribution. x is
the value for which you want the distribution, mean is the mean of
the distribution, stdev is the standard deviation.
<p>
If stdev is 0 normdist returns error. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
normdist(2,1,2,0) equals 0.176032663.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-norminv"></a>
<h2>norminv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
norminv(p,mean,stdev)
<h3>Description</h3>
norminv returns the inverse of the normal cumulative
distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to the normal
distribution, mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and
stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 or stdev <= 0 norminv returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
norminv(0.76,2,3) equals 4.118907689.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<a href="#siag-normsdist">normsdist</a>
<a href="#siag-normsinv">normsinv</a>
<a href="#siag-standardize">standardize</a>
<a href="#siag-ztest">ztest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-normsdist"></a>
<h2>normsdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
normsdist(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
normsdist returns the standard normal cumulative
distribution. x is the value for which you want the distribution.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
normsdist(2) equals 0.977249868.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-normsinv"></a>
<h2>normsinv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
normsinv(p)
<h3>Description</h3>
normsinv returns the inverse of the standard normal
cumulative distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to
the normal distribution. Excel compatible.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 normsinv returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
normsinv(0.2) equals -0.841621234.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<a href="#siag-norminv">norminv</a>
<a href="#siag-normsdist">normsdist</a>
<a href="#siag-standardize">standardize</a>
<a href="#siag-ztest">ztest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-not"></a>
<h2>not</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
not(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
NOT implements the logical NOT function: the result is TRUE if the
number is zero; otherwise the result is FALSE.
<p>
Excel compatible.
The name of this function is @NOT, to avoid clash with Scheme.
<h3>Examples</h3>
NOT(0) equals TRUE.
<p>
NOT(TRUE) equals FALSE.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-and">and</a>
<a href="#siag-or">or</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-now"></a>
<h2>now</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
now()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the serial number for the date and time at the time it is
evaluated.
<p>
Serial Numbers in Siag are represented as seconds from 01/01/1970.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-today">today</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-nper"></a>
<h2>nper</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
nper(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)
<h3>Description</h3>
NPER calculates number of periods of an investment based on periodic
constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest rate per
period is rate, pmt is the payment made each period, pv is the
present value, fv is the future value and type is when the payments
are due. If type = 1, payments are due at the begining of the period,
if type = 0, payments are due at the end of the period.
<h3>Examples</h3>
For example, if you deposit $10,000 in a savings account that earns an
interest rate of 6%. To calculate how many years it will take to
double your investment use NPER as follows:
<p>
=NPER(0.06, 0, -10000, 20000,0)returns 11.895661046 which indicates
that you can double your money just before the end of the 12th year.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-oct2bin"></a>
<h2>oct2bin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
oct2bin(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
The OCT2BIN function converts an octal number to a binary number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces. Excel compatible.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned.
<h3>Examples</h3>
OCT2BIN("213") equals 10001011.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-bin2oct">bin2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2hex">oct2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-oct2dec"></a>
<h2>oct2dec</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
oct2dec(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
OCT2DEC converts an octal number in a string or number to its
decimal equivalent. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
OCT2DEC("124") equals 84.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-dec2oct">dec2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2hex">oct2hex</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-oct2hex"></a>
<h2>oct2hex</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
oct2hex(number[,places])
<h3>Description</h3>
The OCT2HEX function converts an octal number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces. Excel compatible.
<p>
If places is too small or negative error is returned.
<h3>Examples</h3>
OCT2HEX(132) equals 5A.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hex2oct">hex2oct</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2bin">oct2bin</a>
<a href="#siag-oct2dec">oct2dec</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-odd"></a>
<h2>odd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
odd(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
ODD returns the number rounded up to the nearest odd
integer. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ODD(4.4) equals 5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-even">even</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-or"></a>
<h2>or</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
or(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
OR implements the logical OR function: the result is TRUE if any of
the values evaluated to TRUE.
<p>
b1, trough bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered
FALSE and anything else is TRUE.
<p>
If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
If no logical values are provided, then an error is returned.
Excel compatible. The name of the function is @OR.
<h3>Examples</h3>
OR(TRUE,FALSE) equals TRUE.
<p>
OR(3>4,4<3) equals FALSE.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-and">and</a>
<a href="#siag-not">not</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-permut"></a>
<h2>permut</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
permut(n,k)
<h3>Description</h3>
PERMUT returns the number of permutations. n is the number
of objects, k is the number of objects in each permutation.
<p>
If n = 0 PERMUT returns error. If n < k PERMUT returns
error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
PERMUT(7,3) equals 210.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-combin">combin</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pi"></a>
<h2>pi</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pi()
<h3>Description</h3>
PI functions returns the value of Pi.
<p>
This function is called with no arguments. Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
PI() equals 3.141593.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sqrtpi">sqrtpi</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pmt"></a>
<h2>pmt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pmt(rate,nper,pv[,fv,type])
<h3>Description</h3>
XXX: Below is a PV function description!PMT calculates the present
value of an investment.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ppmt">ppmt</a>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-poisson"></a>
<h2>poisson</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
poisson(x,mean,cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
poisson returns the Poisson distribution. x is the number of
events, mean is the expected numeric value cumulative describes
whether to return the sum of the poisson function from 0 to x.
<p>
If x is a non-integer it is truncated. If x <= 0 poisson returns
error. If mean <= 0 poisson returns the error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
poisson(3,6,0) equals 0.089235078.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-normdist">normdist</a>
<a href="#siag-weibull">weibull</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pow"></a>
<h2>pow</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pow(x, y)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes the result of x raised to the y power.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pow_10"></a>
<h2>pow_10</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pow_10(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pow_2"></a>
<h2>pow_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pow_2(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-power"></a>
<h2>power</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
power(x,y)
<h3>Description</h3>
POWER returns the value of x raised to the power y.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
POWER(2,7) equals 128.
<p>
POWER(3,3.141) equals 31.523749.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-ppmt"></a>
<h2>ppmt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
ppmt(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv,type])
<h3>Description</h3>
PPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards
principal.
<p>
Formula for it is:
<p>
PPMT(per) = PMT - IPMT(per)
<p>
where:
<p>
PMT = Payment received on annuity
<p>
IPMT(per) = amount of interest for period per
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-ipmt">ipmt</a>
<a href="#siag-pv">pv</a>
<a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-product"></a>
<h2>product</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
product(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. Excel compatible. In particular,
this means that if all cells are empty, the result will be 0.
<h3>Examples</h3>
PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<a href="#siag-g_product">g_product</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pv"></a>
<h2>pv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)
<h3>Description</h3>
pv calculates the present value of an investment. rate is the
periodic interest rate, nper is the number of periods used for
compounding. pmt is the payment made each period, fv is the future
value and type is when the payment is made. If type = 1 then the
payment is made at the begining of the period. If type = 0 it is made
at the end of each period.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-fv">fv</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-pwr"></a>
<h2>pwr</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
pwr(y, n)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute an integral power of a double precision number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-quotient"></a>
<h2>quotient</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
quotient(num,den)
<h3>Description</h3>
QUOTIENT returns the integer portion of a division. num is
the divided and den is the divisor. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
QUOTIENT(23,5) equals 4.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mod">mod</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-r_avg"></a>
<h2>r_avg</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
r_avg(a, b, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the average of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
<h3>Examples</h3>
r_avg(a1..c2, e5) returns the average of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<a href="#siag-r_sum">r_sum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-r_max"></a>
<h2>r_max</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
r_max(a, b, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the largest value of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
<h3>Examples</h3>
r_max(a1..c2, e5) returns the largest of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_sum">r_sum</a>
<a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<a href="#siag-r_avg">r_avg</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-r_min"></a>
<h2>r_min</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
r_min(a, b, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the smallest value of all cells in the argument list.
The arguments can be values, references or ranges.
<h3>Examples</h3>
r_min(a1..c2, e5) returns the smallest of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<a href="#siag-r_sum">r_sum</a>
<a href="#siag-r_avg">r_avg</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-r_sum"></a>
<h2>r_sum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
r_sum(a, b, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the sum of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
<h3>Examples</h3>
r_sum(a1..c2, e5) returns the sum of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-r_max">r_max</a>
<a href="#siag-r_min">r_min</a>
<a href="#siag-r_avg">r_avg</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-radians"></a>
<h2>radians</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
radians(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
RADIANS computes the number of radians equivalent to x degrees. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RADIANS(180) equals 3.14159.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-rand"></a>
<h2>rand</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
rand(modulus)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a random number from 0 to modulus-1. Uses C library rand.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-random">random</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randbernoulli"></a>
<h2>randbernoulli</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randbernoulli(p)
<h3>Description</h3>
RandBernoulli returns a Bernoulli distributed random number.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 RandBernoulli returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RandBernoulli(0.5).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randbetween"></a>
<h2>randbetween</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randbetween(bottom,top)
<h3>Description</h3>
RANDBETWEEN returns a random integer number between bottom
and top.
<p>
If bottom or top is non-integer, they are truncated. If bottom >
top, RANDBETWEEN returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RANDBETWEEN(3,7).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randbinom"></a>
<h2>randbinom</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randbinom(p,trials)
<h3>Description</h3>
RandBinom returns a binomialy distributed random number.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 RandBinom returns error. If trials < 0
RandBinom returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RandBinom(0.5,2).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randexp"></a>
<h2>randexp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randexp(b)
<h3>Description</h3>
RandExp returns a exponentially distributed random number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RandExp(0.5).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randnegbinom"></a>
<h2>randnegbinom</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randnegbinom(p,failures)
<h3>Description</h3>
RANDNEGBINOM returns a negitive binomialy distributed random number.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1, RANDNEGBINOM returns error. If failures
RANDNEGBINOM returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RANDNEGBINOM(0.5,2).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-random"></a>
<h2>random</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
random(modulus)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a random number from 0 to modulus-1. Uses C library random.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-randpoisson"></a>
<h2>randpoisson</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
randpoisson(lambda)
<h3>Description</h3>
RandPoisson returns a poisson distributed random number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
RandPoisson(3).
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rand">rand</a>
<a href="#siag-randbetween">randbetween</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-realtime"></a>
<h2>realtime</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
realtime()
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a double precision floating point value representation
of the current realtime number of seconds. Usually precise to about
a thousandth of a second.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-rept"></a>
<h2>rept</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
rept(string,num)
<h3>Description</h3>
REPT returns num repetitions of string.
<h3>Examples</h3>
REPT(".",3) equals "...".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-concatenate">concatenate</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-roman"></a>
<h2>roman</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
roman(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts between roman and decimal numbers. If x is a number or
a string where the first character is a digit, converts to roman.
Otherwise converts to number.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-round"></a>
<h2>round</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
round(number[,digits])
<h3>Description</h3>
ROUND rounds a given number. number is the number you want
rounded and digits is the number of digits to which you want to round
that number.
<p>
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded to
the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is rounded
to the left of the decimal point. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ROUND(5.5) equals 6.
<p>
ROUND(-3.3) equals -3.
<p>
ROUND(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
<p>
ROUND(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-rounddown">rounddown</a>
<a href="#siag-roundup">roundup</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-rounddown"></a>
<h2>rounddown</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
rounddown(number[,digits])
<h3>Description</h3>
ROUNDDOWN rounds a given number down, towards zero. number
is the number you want rounded down and digits is the number of
digits to which you want to round that number.
<p>
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded down to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded
down to the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is
rounded down to the left of the decimal point. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ROUNDDOWN(5.5) equals 5.
<p>
ROUNDDOWN(-3.3) equals -4.
<p>
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,1) equals 1501.1.
<p>
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-round">round</a>
<a href="#siag-roundup">roundup</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-roundup"></a>
<h2>roundup</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
roundup(number[,digits])
<h3>Description</h3>
ROUNDUP rounds a given number up, away from zero. number is
the number you want rounded up and digits is the number of digits to
which you want to round that number.
<p>
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded up to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded up
to the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is
rounded up to the left of the decimal point. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
ROUNDUP(5.5) equals 6.
<p>
ROUNDUP(-3.3) equals -3.
<p>
ROUNDUP(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
<p>
ROUNDUP(1501.15,-2) equals 1600.0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-round">round</a>
<a href="#siag-rounddown">rounddown</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-rows"></a>
<h2>rows</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
rows(range)
<h3>Description</h3>
The ROWS function returns the number of rows in area or array
reference.
<p>
If reference is not an array nor a range returns
error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-column">column</a>
<a href="#siag-row">row</a>
<a href="#siag-rows">rows</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-second"></a>
<h2>second</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
second(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a second. The second is returned as an
integer in the range 0 to 59.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<a href="#siag-minute">minute</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-siag_colsum"></a>
<h2>siag_colsum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
siag_colsum(c1, c2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the sum of all cells on the current row from column c1 to c2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-siag_rowsum">siag_rowsum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-siag_rowsum"></a>
<h2>siag_rowsum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
siag_rowsum(r1, r2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the sum of all cells in the current column from row r1 to r2.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-siag_colsum">siag_colsum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sign"></a>
<h2>sign</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sign(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
SIGN returns 1 if the number is positive, zero if the
number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
SIGN(3) equals 1.
<p>
SIGN(-3) equals -1.
<p>
SIGN(0) equals 0.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sin"></a>
<h2>sin</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sin(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes the sine function of the angle x in radians.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sinh"></a>
<h2>sinh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sinh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of x, which is defined
mathematically as (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
SINH(0.5) equals 0.521095.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-cosh">cosh</a>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-tanh">tanh</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<a href="#siag-exp">exp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-siod"></a>
<h2>siod</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
siod()
<h3>Description</h3>
Many functions are only available by using the
<a href="scheme.html">SIOD interface</a>.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-skew"></a>
<h2>skew</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
skew(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SKEW returns an unbiased estimate for skewness of a distribution.
<p>
Note, that this is only meaningful is the underlying distribution
really has a third moment. The skewness of a symmetric (e.g., normal)
distribution is zero.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If less than three numbers are given, SKEW returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
SKEW(A1..A5) equals 0.976798268.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<a href="#siag-skewp">skewp</a>
<a href="#siag-kurt">kurt</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-skewp"></a>
<h2>skewp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
skewp(n1, n2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SKEWP returns the population skewness of a data set.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If less than two numbers are given, SKEWP returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
SKEWP(A1..A5) equals 0.655256198.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<a href="#siag-skew">skew</a>
<a href="#siag-kurtp">kurtp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sln"></a>
<h2>sln</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sln(cost,salvage_value,life)
<h3>Description</h3>
The SLN function will determine the straight line depreciation of an
asset for a single period. The amount you paid for the asset is the
cost, salvage is the value of the asset at the end of its useful
life, and life is the number of periods over which an the asset is
depreciated. This method of deprecition devides the cost evenly over
the life of an asset.
<p>
The formula used for straight line depriciation is:
<p>
Depriciation expense = ( cost - salvage_value ) / life
<p>
cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). salvage_value
= amount you get when asset sold at the end of the assets's useful
life. life = anticipated life of an asset.
<h3>Examples</h3>
For example, lets suppose your company purchases a new machine for
$10,000, which has a salvage value of $700 and will have a useful life
of 10 years. The SLN yearly depreciation is computed as follows:
<p>
=SLN(10000, 700, 10)
<p>
This will return the yearly depreciation figure of $930.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-syd">syd</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-small"></a>
<h2>small</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
small(n1, n2, ..., k)
<h3>Description</h3>
SMALL returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.
<p>
If data set is empty SMALL returns error. If k <= 0 or k is
greater than the number of data items given SMALL returns error.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
SMALL(A1..A5,2) equals 17.3.
<p>
SMALL(A1..A5,4) equals 25.9.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-percentile">percentile</a>
<a href="#siag-percentrank">percentrank</a>
<a href="#siag-quartile">quartile</a>
<a href="#siag-large">large</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sqrt"></a>
<h2>sqrt</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sqrt(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Compute the square root of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-pow">pow</a>
<a href="#siag-pow2">pow2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sqrtpi"></a>
<h2>sqrtpi</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sqrtpi(number)
<h3>Description</h3>
SQRTPI returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi.
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
SQRTPI(2) equals 2.506628275.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-pi">pi</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-standardize"></a>
<h2>standardize</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
standardize(x, mean, stddev)
<h3>Description</h3>
STANDARDIZE returns a normalized value. x is the number to
be normalized, mean is the mean of the distribution, stddev is the
standard deviation of the distribution.
<p>
If stddev is 0 STANDARDIZE returns error. This function is
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
STANDARDIZE(3,2,4) equals 0.25.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stdev"></a>
<h2>stdev</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stdev(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
STDEV returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these
numbers as members of a population. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
STDEV(A1..A5) equals 10.84619749.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-dstdev">dstdev</a>
<a href="#siag-dstdevp">dstdevp</a>
<a href="#siag-stdeva">stdeva</a>
<a href="#siag-stdevpa">stdevpa</a>
<a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stdeva"></a>
<h2>stdeva</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stdeva(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
STDEVA returns the standard deviation based on a sample. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
STDEVA(A1..A5) equals 15.119953704.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<a href="#siag-stdevpa">stdevpa</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stdevp"></a>
<h2>stdevp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stdevp(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
STDEVP returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these
numbers as members of a complete population. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
STDEVP(A1..A5) equals 9.701133954.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<a href="#siag-stdeva">stdeva</a>
<a href="#siag-stdevpa">stdevpa</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stdevpa"></a>
<h2>stdevpa</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stdevpa(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
STDEVPA returns the standard deviation based on the entire population.
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.
If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is
counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is
counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
STDEVPA(A1..A5) equals 13.523697719.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stdeva">stdeva</a>
<a href="#siag-stdevp">stdevp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_max"></a>
<h2>stock_max</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_max(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_max("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_min"></a>
<h2>stock_min</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_min(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_min("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_open"></a>
<h2>stock_open</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_open(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_open("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_percent"></a>
<h2>stock_percent</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_percent(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_percent("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_price"></a>
<h2>stock_price</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_price(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_price("ABB.ST") returns the current price of ABB on the
Stockholm stock exchange.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_var"></a>
<h2>stock_var</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_var(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_var("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_volume"></a>
<h2>stock_volume</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_volume(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_price("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_yesterday">stock_yesterday</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-stock_yesterday"></a>
<h2>stock_yesterday</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
stock_yesterday(symbol)
<h3>Description</h3>
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
<h3>Examples</h3>
stock_yesterday("ABB.ST")
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-stock_price">stock_price</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_open">stock_open</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_min">stock_min</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_max">stock_max</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_var">stock_var</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_percent">stock_percent</a>
<a href="#siag-stock_volume">stock_volume</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-strcmp"></a>
<h2>strcmp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
strcmp(str1, str2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns 0 if str1 and str2 are equal, or -1 if str1 is alphabetically
less than str2 or 1 otherwise.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-strcspn"></a>
<h2>strcspn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
strcspn(str, indicators)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the location of the first character in str which is
found in the indicators set, returns the length of the string if none
found.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-strspn"></a>
<h2>strspn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
strspn(str, indicators)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the location of the first character in str which is not
found in the indicators set, returns the length of the str if none found.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-substring"></a>
<h2>substring</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
substring(str, start, end)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a new string made up of the part of str begining at start
and terminating at end. In other words, the new string has a length
of end - start.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sum"></a>
<h2>sum</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sum(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUM computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the
argument list. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
<p>
SUM(A1..A5) equals 107.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-suma"></a>
<h2>suma</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
suma(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMA computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the
argument list. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the
calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates
to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates
to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Since logical values are numbers
in Siag, this function is identical to sum.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
<p>
SUMA(A1..A5) equals 107.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumif"></a>
<h2>sumif</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumif(range,criteria[,actual_range])
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMIF sums the values in the given range that meet the given
criteria. If actual_range is given, SUMIF sums the values in the
actual_range whose corresponding components in range meet the given
criteria. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27,
28, 33, and 39. Then
<p>
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<=28") equals 78.
<p>
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<28") equals 50.
<p>
In addition, if the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 5, 3, 2, 6, and
7 then:
<p>
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<=27",B1..B5) equals 8.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-countif">countif</a>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumproduct"></a>
<h2>sumproduct</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumproduct(range1,range2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMPRODUCT multiplies corresponding data entries in the given
arrays or ranges, and then returns the sum of those products. If an
array entry is not numeric, the value zero is used instead.
<p>
If arrays or range arguments do not have the same dimentions,
SUMPRODUCT returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
<p>
SUMPRODUCT(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 3370.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-product">product</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumsq"></a>
<h2>sumsq</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumsq(value1, value2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of all the values and cells
referenced in the argument list. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
<p>
SUMSQ(A1..A5) equals 2925.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sum">sum</a>
<a href="#siag-count">count</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumx2my2"></a>
<h2>sumx2my2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumx2my2(array1,array2)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMX2MY2 returns the sum of the difference of squares of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMX2MY2 is SUM (x^2-y^2).
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2MY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
<p>
SUMX2MY2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals -1299.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sumsq">sumsq</a>
<a href="#siag-sumx2py2">sumx2py2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumx2py2"></a>
<h2>sumx2py2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumx2py2(array1,array2)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMX2PY2 returns the sum of the sum of squares of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMX2PY2 is SUM (x^2+y^2).
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2PY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
<p>
SUMX2PY2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 7149.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sumsq">sumsq</a>
<a href="#siag-sumx2my2">sumx2my2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sumxmy_2"></a>
<h2>sumxmy_2</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sumxmy_2(array1,array2)
<h3>Description</h3>
SUMXMY_2 returns the sum of squares of differences of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMXMY_2 is SUM (x-y)^2.
<p>
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
<p>
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMXMY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
<p>
SUMXMY_2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 409.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sumsq">sumsq</a>
<a href="#siag-sumx2my2">sumx2my2</a>
<a href="#siag-sumx2py2">sumx2py2</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-sxhash"></a>
<h2>sxhash</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
sxhash(data, modulus)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes a recursive hash of the data with respect to the specified
modulus.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-syd"></a>
<h2>syd</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
syd(cost,salvage_value,life,period)
<h3>Description</h3>
The SYD function calculates the sum-of-years digits depriciation for
an asset based on its cost, salvage value, anticipated life and a
particular period. This method accelerates the rate of the
depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier
periods than in later ones. The depreciable cost is the actual cost
minus the salvage value. The useful life is the number of periods
(typically years) over with the asset is depreciated.
<p>
The Formula used for sum-of-years digits depriciation is:
<p>
Depriciation expense = ( cost - salvage_value ) * (life - period +
1) * 2 / life * (life + 1).
<p>
cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). salvage_value
= amount you get when asset sold at the end of its useful life. life
= anticipated life of an asset. period = period for which we need the
expense.
<h3>Examples</h3>
For example say a company purchases a new computer for $5000 which has
a salvage value of $200, and a useful life of three years. We would
use the following to calculate the second year's depreciation using
the SYD method:
<p>
=SYD(5000, 200, 5, 2) which returns 1,280.00.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-sln">sln</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tan"></a>
<h2>tan</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tan(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Computes the tagent of the angle x specified in radians.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-atan">atan</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tanh"></a>
<h2>tanh</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tanh(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x, which is
defined mathematically as sinh(x) / cosh(x).
Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
TANH(2) equals 0.96402758.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tan">tan</a>
<a href="#siag-sin">sin</a>
<a href="#siag-sinh">sinh</a>
<a href="#siag-cos">cos</a>
<a href="#siag-cosh">cosh</a>
<a href="#siag-degrees">degrees</a>
<a href="#siag-radians">radians</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tbilleq"></a>
<h2>tbilleq</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tbilleq(settlement,maturity,discount)
<h3>Description</h3>
TBILLEQ returns the bond-yield equivalent (BEY) for a
treasury bill. TBILLEQ is equivalent to (365 * discount) / (360 -
discount * DSM) where DSM is the days between settlement and
maturity.
<p>
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLEQ returns error. If
discount is negative, TBILLEQ returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tbillprice">tbillprice</a>
<a href="#siag-tbillyield">tbillyield</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tbillprice"></a>
<h2>tbillprice</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tbillprice(settlement,maturity,discount)
<h3>Description</h3>
TBILLPRICE returns the price per $100 value for a treasury
bill where settlement is the settlement date and maturity is the
maturity date of the bill. discount is the treasury bill's discount
rate.
<p>
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLPRICE returns error. If
discount is negative, TBILLPRICE returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tbilleq">tbilleq</a>
<a href="#siag-tbillyield">tbillyield</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tbillyield"></a>
<h2>tbillyield</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tbillyield(settlement,maturity,pr)
<h3>Description</h3>
TBILLYIELD returns the yield for a treasury bill. settlement
is the settlement date and maturity is the maturity date of the bill.
discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.
<p>
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLYIELD returns error. If
pr is negative, TBILLYIELD returns error.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tbilleq">tbilleq</a>
<a href="#siag-tbillprice">tbillprice</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tdist"></a>
<h2>tdist</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tdist(x,dof,tails)
<h3>Description</h3>
TDIST returns the Student's t-distribution. dof is the
degree of freedom and tails is 1 or 2 depending on whether you want
one-tailed or two-tailed distribution.
<p>
If dof < 1 TDIST returns error. If tails is neither 1 or 2
TDIST returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
TDIST(2,5,1) equals 0.050969739.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tinv">tinv</a>
<a href="#siag-ttest">ttest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-time"></a>
<h2>time</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
time(hours,minutes,seconds)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a number representing the time of day.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-timevalue"></a>
<h2>timevalue</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
timevalue(timetext)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns a number representing the time of day, a number between 0
and 86400.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-hour">hour</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-tinv"></a>
<h2>tinv</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
tinv(p,dof)
<h3>Description</h3>
TINV returns the inverse of the two-tailed Student's
t-distribution.
<p>
If p < 0 or p > 1 or dof < 1 TINV returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
TINV(0.4,32) equals 0.852998454.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-tdist">tdist</a>
<a href="#siag-ttest">ttest</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-totalheight"></a>
<h2>totalheight</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
totalheight(r1, r2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return the total height (in pixels)
of all cells from r1 up to and including r2
<h3>Examples</h3>
totalheight(3, 6)
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-totalwidth">totalwidth</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-totalwidth"></a>
<h2>totalwidth</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
totalwidth(c1, c2)
<h3>Description</h3>
Return the total width (in pixels)
of all cells from c1 up to and including c2
<h3>Examples</h3>
totalwidth(3, 6)
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-totalheight">totalheight</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-transpose"></a>
<h2>transpose</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
transpose(matrix)
<h3>Description</h3>
TRANSPOSE returns the transpose of the input matrix.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-mmult">mmult</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-trunc"></a>
<h2>trunc</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
trunc(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the integer portion of x.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-floor">floor</a>
<a href="#siag-ceil">ceil</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-upper"></a>
<h2>upper</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
upper(text)
<h3>Description</h3>
UPPER returns a upper-case version of the string in text.
<h3>Examples</h3>
UPPER("canceled") equals "CANCELED".
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-lower">lower</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-var"></a>
<h2>var</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
var(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
VAR estimates the variance of a sample of a population. To get the
true variance of a complete population use VARP.
<p>
(VAR is also known as the N-1-variance. Under reasonable conditions,
it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true variance.)This
function is Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
VAR(A1..A5) equals 117.64.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-vara"></a>
<h2>vara</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
vara(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
VARA returns the variance based on a sample. Numbers, text and logical
values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text
or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).
If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that
empty cells are not counted. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
VARA(A1..A5) equals 228.613.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<a href="#siag-varpa">varpa</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-varp"></a>
<h2>varp</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
varp(b1, b2, ...)
<h3>Description</h3>
VARP calculates the variance of a set of numbers where each number is
a member of a population and the set is the entire population.
<p>
(VARP is also known as the N-variance.)
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
VARP(A1..A5) equals 94.112.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-average">average</a>
<a href="#siag-dvar">dvar</a>
<a href="#siag-dvarp">dvarp</a>
<a href="#siag-stdev">stdev</a>
<a href="#siag-var">var</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-varpa"></a>
<h2>varpa</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
varpa(number1,number2,...)
<h3>Description</h3>
VARPA returns the variance based on the entire population. Numbers,
text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the
cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted
as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
<p>
VARPA(A1..A5) equals 182.8904.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-varp">varp</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-vref"></a>
<h2>vref</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
vref(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
Returns the contents from the cell x positions down.
<h3>Examples</h3>
vref(-2) returns the cell 2 positions up.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-href">href</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-weekday"></a>
<h2>weekday</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
weekday(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a weekday. XXX: explain.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<a href="#siag-year">year</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-weibull"></a>
<h2>weibull</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
weibull(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
<h3>Description</h3>
weibull returns the Weibull distribution. If the cumulative
boolean is true it will return: 1 - exp (-(x/beta)^alpha),
otherwise it will return (alpha/beta^alpha) * x^(alpha-1) *
exp(-(x/beta^alpha)).
<p>
If x < 0 weibull returns error. If alpha <= 0 or beta <= 0
weibull returns error. Excel compatible.
<h3>Examples</h3>
weibull(3,2,4,0) equals 0.213668559.
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-poisson">poisson</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-y_0"></a>
<h2>y_0</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
y_0(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The y_0() and y_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the second kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-y_1"></a>
<h2>y_1</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
y_1(x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The y_0() and y_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the second kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-year"></a>
<h2>year</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
year(serial_number)
<h3>Description</h3>
Converts a serial number to a year.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-day">day</a>
<a href="#siag-month">month</a>
<a href="#siag-time">time</a>
<a href="#siag-now">now</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
<a name="siag-yn"></a>
<h2>yn</h2>
<h3>Synopsis</h3>
yn(n, x)
<h3>Description</h3>
The yn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the
second kind of order n.
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h3>See Also</h3>
<a href="#siag-j_0">j_0</a>
<a href="#siag-j_1">j_1</a>
<a href="#siag-jn">jn</a>
<a href="#siag-y_0">y_0</a>
<a href="#siag-y_1">y_1</a>
<a href="#siag-yn">yn</a>
<p>
<a href="#TOP">Top</a>
<hr>
Ulric Eriksson - November 2000 - ulric@siag.nu
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