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Byte input/output
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH="100%">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#66dbff"><DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE>
<TR><TD><FONT SIZE=4><B><A NAME="htoc145">7.13</A></B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" ALIGN=center><FONT SIZE=4><B>Byte input/output</B></FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV></TD>
</TR></TABLE><UL>
<LI><A HREF="manual036.html#toc111"> <TT>get_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>get_byte/1</TT></A>
<LI><A HREF="manual036.html#toc112"> <TT>peek_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>peek_byte/1</TT></A>
<LI><A HREF="manual036.html#toc113"> <TT>unget_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>unget_byte/1</TT></A>
<LI><A HREF="manual036.html#toc114"> <TT>put_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>put_byte/1</TT></A>
</UL>
<A NAME="Byte-input/output"></A><BR>
These built-in predicates enable a single byte to be input from and output
to a binary stream. <TT>-1</TT> is returned to indicate the end-of-file.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="toc111"></A><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH="100%">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#98e7ff"><DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE>
<TR><TD><B><A NAME="htoc146">7.13.1</A></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" ALIGN=center><B><TT>get_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>get_byte/1</TT></B></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<BR>
<B>Templates</B>
<DL COMPACT=compact><DT><DD><TT>
get_byte(+stream_or_alias, ?in_byte)<BR>
get_byte(?in_byte)</TT></DL>
<B>Description</B><BR>
<BR>
<TT>get_byte(SorA, Byte)</TT> succeeds if <TT>Byte</TT> unifies with the
next byte read from the stream associated with the stream-term or alias
<TT>SorA</TT>.<BR>
<BR>
<TT>get_byte/1</TT> applies to the current input stream.<BR>
<BR>
<B>Errors</B><BR>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is neither a variable nor an in-byte</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(in_byte, Byte)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is neither a variable nor a stream-term or alias</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(stream_or_alias, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is not associated with an open stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is an output stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is associated with a text stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, text_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> has stream properties <TT>end_of_stream(past)</TT>
and <TT>eof_action(error)</TT></TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, past_end_of_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR></TABLE><BR>
<B>Portability</B><BR>
<BR>
ISO predicates.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="toc112"></A><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH="100%">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#98e7ff"><DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE>
<TR><TD><B><A NAME="htoc147">7.13.2</A></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" ALIGN=center><B><TT>peek_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>peek_byte/1</TT></B></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<BR>
<B>Templates</B>
<DL COMPACT=compact><DT><DD><TT>
peek_byte(+stream_or_alias, ?in_byte)<BR>
peek_byte(?in_byte)</TT></DL>
<B>Description</B><BR>
<BR>
<TT>peek_byte(SorA, Byte)</TT> succeeds if <TT>Byte</TT> unifies with the
next byte that will be read from the stream associated with the stream-term or
alias <TT>SorA</TT>. The byte is not read.<BR>
<BR>
<TT>peek_byte/1</TT> applies to the current input stream.<BR>
<BR>
<B>Errors</B><BR>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is neither a variable nor an in-byte</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(in_byte, Byte)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is neither a variable nor a stream-term or alias</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(stream_or_alias, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is not associated with an open stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is an output stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is associated with a text stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, text_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> has stream properties <TT>end_of_stream(past)</TT>
and <TT>eof_action(error)</TT></TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, past_end_of_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR></TABLE><BR>
<B>Portability</B><BR>
<BR>
ISO predicates.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="toc113"></A><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH="100%">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#98e7ff"><DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE>
<TR><TD><B><A NAME="htoc148">7.13.3</A></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" ALIGN=center><B><TT>unget_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>unget_byte/1</TT></B></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<BR>
<B>Templates</B>
<DL COMPACT=compact><DT><DD><TT>
unget_byte(+stream_or_alias, +byte)<BR>
unget_byte(+byte)</TT></DL>
<B>Description</B><BR>
<BR>
<TT>unget_byte(SorA, Byte)</TT> pushes back <TT>Byte</TT> onto the stream
associated with the stream-term or alias <TT>SorA</TT>. <TT>Byte</TT> will be
the next byte read by <TT>get_byte/2</TT>. The maximum number of bytes that
can be successively pushed back is given by the <TT>max_unget</TT>
Prolog flag (section <A HREF="manual045.html#set-prolog-flag/2">7.22.1</A>).<BR>
<BR>
<TT>unget_byte/1</TT> applies to the current input stream.<BR>
<BR>
<B>Errors</B><BR>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is neither a variable nor a byte</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(byte, Byte)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is neither a variable nor a stream-term or alias</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(stream_or_alias, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is not associated with an open stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is an output stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is associated with a text stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(input, text_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR></TABLE><BR>
<B>Portability</B><BR>
<BR>
GNU Prolog predicates.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="toc114"></A><TABLE CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 WIDTH="100%">
<TR><TD BGCOLOR="#98e7ff"><DIV ALIGN=center><TABLE>
<TR><TD><B><A NAME="htoc149">7.13.4</A></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="100%" ALIGN=center><B><TT>put_byte/2</TT>,
<TT>put_byte/1</TT></B></TD>
</TR></TABLE></DIV></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<BR>
<B>Templates</B>
<DL COMPACT=compact><DT><DD><TT>
put_byte(+stream_or_alias, +byte)<BR>
put_byte(+byte)</TT></DL>
<B>Description</B><BR>
<BR>
<TT>put_byte(SorA, Byte)</TT> writes <TT>Byte</TT> onto the stream
associated with the stream-term or alias <TT>SorA</TT>. <BR>
<BR>
<TT>put_byte/1</TT> applies to the current output stream.<BR>
<BR>
<B>Errors</B><BR>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=2 CELLPADDING=0>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is a variable</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>instantiation_error</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>Byte</TT> is neither a variable nor a byte</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>type_error(byte, Byte)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is neither a variable nor a stream-term or alias</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>domain_error(stream_or_alias, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is not associated with an open stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>existence_error(stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is an output stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(output, stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>SorA</TT> is associated with a text stream</TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=center NOWRAP> </TD>
<TD VALIGN=top ALIGN=left><TT>permission_error(output, text_stream, SorA)</TT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD BGCOLOR=black COLSPAN=3><TABLE BORDER=0 WIDTH="100%" CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=1><TR><TD></TD></TR></TABLE></TD>
</TR></TABLE><BR>
<B>Portability</B><BR>
<BR>
GNU Prolog predicates.<BR>
<BR>
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Copyright (C) 1999-2002 Daniel Diaz
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