Åëëçíéêü Linux Sound Playing HOWTO Yoo C. Chung, wacko@laplace.snu.ac.kr v1.5b, 2 Öåâñïõáñßïõ 1998 Áõôü ôï êåßìåíï áíáöÝñåé åöáñìïãÝò ãéá Linux ðïõ ðáßæïõí äéÜöïñá for mats Þ÷ïõ. ______________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1. ÅéóáãùãÞ 1.1 ÐíåõìáôéêÜ Äéêáéþìáôá ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ 1.2 Copyright ôùí áíáöåñïìÝíùí åöáñìïãþí 1.3 Ðïý íá âñåßôå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï 1.4 Feedback 1.5 Åõ÷áñéóôßåò 2. Ðáßæïíôáò äéÜöïñá Format ¹÷ïõ 2.1 MIDI 2.1.1 Ôï ðáêÝôï adagio 2.1.2 TiMidity 2.1.3 playmidi 2.2 Modules 2.2.1 tracker 2.2.2 gmod 2.2.3 MikMod 2.2.4 xmp 2.2.5 s3mod 2.2.6 mod 2.2.7 nspmod 2.2.8 yampmod 2.3 MPEG audio streams 2.3.1 mpg123 2.3.2 maplay 1.2 2.3.3 maplay 1.3b 2.3.4 maplay3 2.3.5 splay 2.3.6 Sajber Jukebox 2.3.7 amp 2.3.8 XAudio 2.3.9 Layer 3 Shareware Encoder/Decoder 2.4 WAV 2.4.1 wavplay 2.5 ËïéðÜ ðñÜãìáôá 2.5.1 sox 2.5.2 bplay 2.5.3 SIDPLAY 2.5.4 RealAudio Player 2.5.5 cat 3. Áëëåò ÷ñÞóéìåò åöáñìïãÝò Þ÷ïõ 3.1 volume 3.2 Sound Studio 3.3 Tickle Music 4. ÐáñáðïìðÝò ______________________________________________________________________ 1. ÅéóáãùãÞ Áõôü åßíáé ôï Åëëçíéêü Sound Playing HOWTO. ÁíáöÝñåé ôá äéÜöïñá format Þ÷ïõ êáèþò êáé ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ãéá íá ôá ðáßîïõí. Åðßóçò áíáöÝñåé ìåñéêÜ ôå÷íÜóìáôá êáé óõìâïõëÝò ãéá ôï ðþò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí áõôÝò ïé åöáñìïãÝò. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åðßóçò êÜðïéåò Üëëåò åíäéáöÝñïõóåò åöáñìïãÝò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå Þ÷ïõò, ü÷é Üìåóá óõó÷åôéóìÝíåò ìå ôçí åêôÝëåóÞ ôïõò. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, ôï êåßìåíï áõôü äåí ðåñéãñÜöåé ðþò êÜðïéïò ìðïñåß íá ñõèìßóåé Ýíá óýóôçìá Linux system ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç Þ÷ïõ. Áíáöåñèåßôå óôï Linux Sound HOWTO áðü ôïí Jeff Tranter ãéá ïäçãßåò ãéá õðïóôÞñéîç Þ÷ïõ óå Ýíá óýóôçìá Linux êáé ôï õðïóôçñéæüìåíï hardware Þ÷ïõ. Áõôü áó÷ïëåßôáé ìå ôéò öõóéïëïãéêÝò åöáñìïãÝò Þ÷ïõ åíüò ÷ñÞóôç. ÄçëáäÞ, íïéÜæåôáé ìüíï ìå ôï üôé Ýíáò ìÝóïò ÷ñÞóôçò ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá îÝñåé áðü ôçí ðëåõñÜ ôùí åöáñìïãþí Þ÷ïõ, êáé ü÷é åîùôéêÜ ðñÜãìáôá üðùò ç óýíèåóç ïìéëßáò, Þ ðñÜãìáôá ó÷åôéêÜ ìå hardware ðïõ áíôéìåôùðßæïíôáé óôï Sound HOWTO. 1.1. ÐíåõìáôéêÜ Äéêáéþìáôá ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ Ôï êåßìåíï ìðïñåß íá äéáíåìçèåß êáé íá ôñïðïðïéçèåß åëåýèåñá (èá ôï åêôéìïýóá áí ìå åéäïðïéïýóáôå ãéá áëëáãÝò), üóï áõôÞ ç óçìåßùóç ðåñß ôïõ copyright äéáôçñåßôáé. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, äåí ìðïñåß íá ôåèåß êÜôù áðü ïðïéïäÞðïôå Üëëï ðåñéïñéóìü, êáé Ýíá ôñïðïðïéçìÝíï êåßìåíï ðñÝðåé íá Ý÷åé ôá ßäéá ðíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá ìå áõôü. Åðßóçò áíáãíþñéóç ðñÝðåé íá áðïäïèåß üðïõ ïöåßëåôáé. 1.2. Copyright ôùí áíáöåñïìÝíùí åöáñìïãþí Áí äåí õðÜñ÷åé áíáöïñÜ ðíåõìáôéêþí äéêáéùìÜôùí, ôüôå ç åöáñìïãÞ åßíáé êÜôù áðü ôçí GNU General Public License. 1.3. Ðïý íá âñåßôå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï Ç ðéï ðñüóöáôç åðßóçìç ÝêäïóÞ ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ áõôïý ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß áðü ôï Linux Documentation Project <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/>. Ç ðéï ðñüóöáôç áíåðßóçìç Ýêäïóç ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ áõôïý ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß áðü ôï <http://laplace.snu.ac.kr/~wacko/howto/>. Ìéá ÊïñåÜôéêç Ýêäïóç áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ (ðïëý îåðåñáóìÝíç) åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç óôï <http://laplace.snu.ac.kr/~wacko/howto/Sound-Playing- HOWTO.ks>. Ìéá ÃéáðùíÝæéêç Ýêäïóç áõôïý ôïõ êåéìÝíïõ åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç óôï <http://jf.gee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/JF/JF-ftp/euc/Sound-Playing-HOWTO.euc>. 1.4. Feedback Ãéá ó÷üëéá, ðáñáôçñÞóåéò, äéïñèþóåéò, åíçìåñþóåéò ðåñß ôçò ÅëëçíéêÞò ìåôÜöñáóçò áõôïý ôïõ HOWTO, óôåßëôå email óôçí Âïýëá ÓáíéäÜ : voulariba@rocketmail.com Þ óôïí Åõñéðßäç Ðáðáêþóôá : epapakostas@ametro.gr êáé åíáëëáêôéêÜ : ep@rocketmail.com Äåí åßìáé ðáíôïãíþóôçò, êáé äåí ÷ñçóéìïðïéþ üëåò ôéò åäþ áíáöåñüìåíåò åöáñìïãÝò (ìåñéêÝò äåí ìðïñþ íá ôéò äïêéìÜóù êáí), Ýôóé ìðïñåß íá õðÜñ÷ïõí ëÜèç. Åðßóçò, ôá ðñïãñÜììáôá óõíÞèùò åîåëßóóïíôáé óõíå÷þò, Ýôóé ç ôåêìçñßùóç ôåßíåé íá îåðåñíéÝôáé. Ãé' áõôü, áí âñåßôå ôßðïôá óôñáâü, ðáñáêáëþ óôåßëôå ìïõ ü,ôé äéïñèþóåéò. ÐñïôÜóåéò Þ ðñïóèÞêåò óôï êåßìåíï åßíáé åõðñüóäåêôåò, åðßóçò. 1.5. Åõ÷áñéóôßåò Óå üëïõò ôïõò óõããñáöåßò ôùí åöáñìïãþí áõôïý ôïõ HOWTO. Åðßóçò, óôïí Hannu Savolainen ãéá ôïí óðïõäáßï ïäçãü Þ÷ïõ êáé ôïí Linus Torvalds ãéá ôï óðïõäáßï ëåéôïõñãéêü áðü êÜôù ôïõ. ÈÝëù åðßóçò íá åõ÷áñéóôÞóù ôïí Raymond Nijssen (raymond@es.ele.tue.nl), Jeroen Rutten (jeroen@es.ele.tue.nl), Antonio Perez (aperez@arrakis.es), Ian Jackson (ijackson@gnu.org), êáé ôïí Peter Amstutz (amstpi@freenet.tlh.fl.us) ãéá ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò êáé ôçí âïÞèåéá ðïõ ðñïóÝöåñáí. 2. Ðáßæïíôáò äéÜöïñá Format ¹÷ïõ ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëþí åéäþí formats Þ÷ïõ (WAV, MIDI, MPEG etc.). ÐáñáêÜôù, áíáöÝñïõìå ôá äéÜöïñá formats êáé ôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí ãéá íá ôá ðáßîïõí. 2.1. MIDI MIDI åßíáé ôï áêñùíýìéï ãéá ôï Musical Instrument Device Interface. Ôá áñ÷åßá MIDI Ý÷ïõí óõíÞèùò ôçí êáôÜëçîç .mid. ÐåñéÝ÷ïõí ðëçñïöïñßåò äéáäï÷Þò (sequencing information), äçëáäÞ, ðëçñïöïñßåò ãéá ôï ðüôå íá ðáßîåé, ðïéï üñãáíï, ìå ôé ôñüðï, êëð. ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôï hardware óáò (êáé ßóùò ôï ëïãéóìéêü ìå ôï ïðïßï ôïí ðáßæåôå), ï Þ÷ïò ìðïñåß íá åßíáé öïâåñüò, Þ åíôåëþò áçäßá. 2.1.1. Ôï ðáêÝôï adagio Áõôü ôï ðáêÝôï óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôï mp (Ýíá command-line player áñ÷åßùí MIDI) êáé xmp (Ýíáí player MIDI áñ÷åßùí âáóéóìÝíï óôï Xview, êáé äåí ðñÝðåé íá óõã÷Ýåôáé ìå ôï module player ðïõ åðßóçò êáëåßôáé xmp). Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ôá SlingShot extensions ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï xmp. Åðßóçò ðåñéÝ÷åé êáé Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá ãéá íá ðáßæåôå ôá Adagio scores. Áí Ý÷åôå ìéá GUS, ôo mp ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé êáé MOD (äåò ôìÞìá ``Modules'' ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò óôá modules). ¸íá ìéêñü åíï÷ëçôéêü bug (áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 0.5 ãéá ìåñéêÜ hardware) åßíáé ðùò ï Þ÷ïò ÷áëÜåé ðñïò ôï ôÝëïò. ÄçëáäÞ, áíôß íá ôåëåéþóåé ï Þ÷ïò üðùò êáèïñßæåé ôï áñ÷åßï MIDI, ôåëåéþíåé ðáßæïíôáò ôçí ðñïôåëåõôáßá íüôá ãéá Ýíá ìåãÜëï ÷ñïíéêü äéÜóôçìá. Áõôü äåí ìå áðïèÜññõíå áðü ôï íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéþ ôï mp, áëëÜ ìðïñåß íá áðïèáññýíåé êÜðïéïí íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ãéá `ðñáãìáôéêÞ' äïõëåéÜ. Åðßóçò îåêéíÜ ó÷åôéêÜ áñãÜ. Ôï ðáêÝôï äåí áíáöÝñåé copyright (Þ ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí åãþ äåí ìðïñþ íá ôï âñù), ïðüôå õðïèÝôù üôé ìðïñåß íá äéáíåìçèåß êáé ôñïðïðïéçèåß åëåýèåñá. (Ìå ìéá áõóôçñÞ åñìçíåßá ôïõ íüìïõ ðåñß ðíåõìáôéêÞò éäéïêôçóßáò, ôßðïôá äåí äßíåé óå êÜðïéïí ôï äéêáßùìá íá êÜíåé áõôÜ ôá ðñÜãìáôá, áëëÜ ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï áìöéâÜëëù ðùò áõôÞ èá Þôáí ç ðñüèåóç ôïõ óõããñáöÝá.) Åßíáé ìéá ìåôáöïñÜ ôïõ CMU MIDI Toolkit óå Linux (áí êáé Ý÷ïõí ðñïóôåèåß ôüóá ðïëëÜ þóôå íá åßíáé ðëÝïí êáé áõôü áìöéóâçôÞóéìï) áðü ôïí Greg Lee (lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï tsx-11.mit.edu at /pub/linux/packages/sound/adagio05.tar.gz. Ôá åêôåëÝóéìá áñ÷åßá ðïõ õðÜñ÷ïõí åäþ åßíáé óå a.out format (linked ìå áñ÷áßåò âéâëéïèÞêåò), êáé ôá xmp åêôåëÝóéìá - ðïõ ðïëëÝò öïñÝò êñåìÜíå óå ðåñéâÜëëïí X11R6 (XFree86 3.1.1, libc 4.7.2). Ôï åêôåëÝóéìï mp äïõëåýåé ìéá ÷áñÜ óå ðåñéâÜëëïí a.out. Èá ÷ñåéáóôåßôå ëßãï hacking ãéá íá ôï ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå. ÐñáãìáôéêÜ, äåí Ý÷åé êáé ðïëý hacking. Ôï ìüíï ðïõ Ý÷åôå íá êÜíåôå åßíáé íá óõìðåñéëÜâåôå ôï -lfl switch óôï ôÝëïò ôïõ SHROBJ êáé XMPOBJ óôï Makefile. Áõôü ãßíåôáé ãéá íá êÜíåôå link ìå ôçí âéâëéïèÞêç flex, ðïõ äåí åßíáé linked áðü default. ÌåôÜ áêïëïõèåßóôå ôéò ïäçãßåò åãêáôÜóôáóçò. Êáé ìçí îå÷Üóåôå íá Ý÷åôå åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ôï XView êáé ôá SlingShot extensions áí èÝëåôå íá ìåôáãëùôôßóåôå ôï xmp. 2.1.2. TiMidity Ìåñéêïß óõíéóôïýí áõôü ôï experimental ðñüãñáììá ëüãù ôçò êáëÞò ðïéüôçôáò Þ÷ïõ (ôï ïðïßï áëçèåýåé, åßíáé ðïëý êáëýôåñç áðü üôé ôï mp óå ìéá Sound Blaster 16, ðáñüëï ðïõ ðéèáíÜ íá ìçí Ý÷åé ìåãÜëç äéáöïñÜ óå êÜñôåò Þ÷ïõ ìå óýíèåóç êõìáôïìïñöÞò üðùò ç GUS). ÐáñïëáõôÜ, ðÜó÷åé ëüãù Ýíôïíçò ÷ñÞóçò CPU. Ðáßæåé MIDI ìåôáôñÝðïíôáò ðñþôá ôï MIDI óå WAV êáé ìåôÜ ðáßæåé ôï WAV (ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôï áñ÷åßï MIDI óå áñ÷åßï WAV ÷ùñßò íá ôï ðáßîåôå, áí èÝëåôå). ÁõôÞ åßíáé ç áéôßá ãéá ôçí Ýíôïíç áíÜãêç ôïõ óå ðüñïõò CPU. ¸÷åé åðßóçò Ýíá ðñïáéñåôéêü interface ìå ncurses, SLang, Tcl/Tk Þ Motif. ×ñåéÜæåóôå ôá patch áñ÷åßá Gravis Ultrasound ãéá íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå. ÊïéôÜîôå óôï FAQ ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé ìå ôï TiMidity ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò. Ï óõããñáöÝáò ôïõ åßíáé ï Tuukka Toivonen (tt@cgs.fi). Ç ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ôïõ TiMidity ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôï TiMidity home page <http://www.cgs.fi/~tt/timidity/>. ÁõôÞ ç óåëßäá ðåñéÝ÷åé åðßóçò Ýíá link óå ìéá ìéêñÞ âéâëéïèÞêç áðü GUS patches. 2.1.3. playmidi Áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá åßíáé Ýíáò MIDI player ðïõ ðáßæåé FM, GUS, êáé external MIDI. Õðïôßèåôáé üôé Ý÷åé ãñçãïñüôåñï ÷ñüíï åêêßíçóçò óõãêñéíüìåíï ìå Üëëïõò MIDI players. Åßíáé åðßóçò éêáíü íá ðáßîåé áñ÷åßá Creative Music, áñ÷åßá Microsoft RIFF, êáé ìåãÜëá MIDI áñ÷åßá áðü ðáé÷íßäéá üðùò ôï Ultima 7. ¸÷åé X interface êáé SVGA interface. ¸÷åé åðßóçò ìéá åðéëïãÞ ãéá áíáðáñáãùãÞ Þ÷ïõ óå ðñáãìáôéêü ÷ñüíï ðáñáêïëïõèþíôáò üëåò ôéò íüôåò óå êÜèå êáíÜëé êáé ôï ôñÝ÷ïí ñïëüé áíáðáñáãùãÞò Þ÷ïõ (óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé áõôüìáôá ìå ôï xplaymidi êáé splaymidi). Èá ðñÝðåé íá êÜíåôå êÜôé óáí $ splaymidi foo.mid; stty sane áí ðñüêåéôáé íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôï SVGA interface, ìéá êáé äåí èÝôåé ðÜëé ôï ôåñìáôéêü tty mode êáíïíéêÜ. Ôï SVGA interface ìðïñåß íá áöáéñåèåß óôï ðñïóå÷Ýò ìÝëëïí. ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Nathan Laredo (laredo@gnu.org Þ laredo@ix.netcom.com). Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå óôï anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/playmidi-2.3.tar.gz. 2.2. Modules Ôá Modules (üóïí áöïñÜ ìïõóéêÞ ãéá õðïëïãéóôÝò) åßíáé øçöéáêÜ áñ÷åßá ìïõóéêÞò, ðïõ áðïôåëïýíôáé áðü Ýíá óýíïëï äåéãìÜôùí êáé ðëçñïöïñßåò sequencing, êáé ëÝíå óôïí player ðüôå íá ðáßîåé ðïéï äåßãìá (üñãáíï) óå ðïéï track êáé óå ðïéï pitch, åêôåëþíôáò ðñïáéñåôéêÜ Ýíá åööÝ, üðùò ôï vibrato ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá. ¸íá ðëåïíÝêôçìá ðïõ Ý÷åé óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôï MIDI åßíáé üôé ìðïñåß íá ðåñéëÜâåé ó÷åäüí ïðïéïäÞðïôå åßäïò Þ÷ïõ (óõìðåñéëáìâáíïìÝíçò ôçò áíèñþðéíçò öùíÞò). Áêüìç Ýíá åßíáé üôé áêïýãåôáé ó÷åäüí ôï ßäéï óå ïðïéáäÞðïôå ðëáôöüñìá, åðåéäÞ ôá äåßãìáôá åßíáé óôï module. ¸íá ìåéïíÝêôçìá åßíáé üôé Ý÷åé ðïëý ìåãáëýôåñï ìÝãåèïò áñ÷åßïõ óõãêñéíüìåíï ìå ôï MIDI. Áêüìç Ýíá åßíáé üôé äåí Ý÷åé ðñáãìáôéêü óôÜíôáñô format (ôï ìüíï `ðñáãìáôéêü' åßíáé ôï ProTracker, ìå ôï ïðïßï ðïëëÜ modules äåí åßíáé êáé ðïëý óõìâáôÜ). ÐñïÞëèå áðü ôçí Amiga. Ôï ðéï êïéíü format Ý÷åé ôï extension .mod. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëÜ Üëëá extensions ôá ïðïßá åîáñôþíôáé áðü ôï ôé format Ý÷ïõí ìÝóá. 2.2.1. tracker Áõôü ôï åýêïëá ìåôáöÝñóéìï ðñüãñáììá (Ý÷åé ìåôáöåñèåß óå ðïëëÝò ðëáôöüñìåò) ðáßæåé ìïõóéêÜ modules ôçò Soundtracker êáé Protracker. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýîïäï 16 bit stereo, êáé èåùñþ üôé ç ðïéüôçôá åßíáé ðïëý êáëÞ. Áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå Ýíáí áðëü ôñüðï ãéá íá ìåéþóåôå ôï öüñôï ôçò CPU ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ -mono . Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá äþñï (giftware) (üðùò ëÝåé ï óõããñáöÝáò). ÖôéÜ÷ôçêå áðü ôïí Marc Espie (Marc.Espie@ens.fr). Ìðïñåßôå íá áðïêôÞóåôå ìéá Ýêäïóç áõôïý ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò ìå ôï Makefile Þäç ðåéñáãìÝíï ãéá Linux áðü ôï anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/tracker-4.3-linux.tar.gz. 2.2.2. gmod Áõôü åßíáé Ýíáò music module player ãéá ôçí êÜñôá Gravis Ultrasound. 4/6/8 êáíÜëéá MOD, 8 êáíÜëéá 669, MultiTracker (MTM), UltraTracker (ULT), FastTracker (XM), êáé ScreamTracker III (S3M) åßíáé ôá õðïóôçñéæüìåíá formats. Áðáéôåßôáé Ýêäïóç ôïõ driver Þ÷ïõ 3.0 Þ ìåãáëýôåñç. Êáé öõóéêÜ GUS. Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ôñïðïðïéÞóåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá þóôå íá êÜíåôå ôï ñõèìéóôÞ ôçò Ýíôáóçò Þ÷ïõ íá äïõëÝøåé üðùò åóåßò èÝëåôå. ¸÷åé X interface. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï QT toolkit (÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôçí Ýêäïóç 0.99 Þ ìåãáëýôåñç). ÅëÝãîôå ôç QT toolkit homepage <http://www.troll.no/> ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôï QT. Ôï ðñüãñáììá äéáíÝìåôáé äùñåÜí. Áñ÷éêÜ ãñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Hannu Savolainen, êáé ôþñá óõíôçñåßôáé áðü ôïí Andrew J. Robinson (robinson@cnj.digex.net). Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå óôï anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/gmod-3.1.tar.gz. 2.2.3. MikMod Áõôü ï ìåôáöÝñóéìïò module player ðáßæåé XM, ULT, STM, S3M, MTM, MOD êáé UNI formats. (Ôï UNI format åßíáé Ýíá åóùôåñéêü format ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ôï MikMod.) Õðïóôçñßæåé óõìðéåóìÝíá áñ÷åßá module. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß 16 bit stereo ãéá Ýîïäï Þ÷ïõ. ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ -m (ãéá Ýîïäï mono) áí ÷ñåéÜæåóôå Ýíá áðëü ãéá íá ìåéþóåôå ôï öüñôï ôçò CPU. Ç Ýêäïóç ãéá Unix ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé ãéá interface åßôå ncurses Þ Tcl/Tk. Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß åðßóçò óá âéâëéïèÞêç, ü÷é ìüíï óáí áíåîÜñôçôï ðñüãñáììá. ÃñÜöôçêå áñ÷éêÜ áðü ôïí Jean-Paul Mikkers (mikmak@via.nl). Ôþñá óõíôçñåßôáé áðü ôïí Stine (dracoirs@epix.net). Åßíáé shareware ðñüãñáììá óôï ïðïßï ðñÝðåé íá åããñáöåßôå (registered) áí èÝëåôå íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå åìðïñéêÜ. ×ñåéÜæåóôå åðßóçò Üäåéá ãéá íá ôï åðáíáäéáíåßìåôå åìðïñéêÜ (ìç-åìðïñéêÞ åðáíáäéáíïìÞ äå ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôÝôïéá Üäåéá). Èá ôï âñåßôå óôï MikMod home page <http://www.aics.net/~amstutz/mikmod.html>. 2.2.4. xmp Åßíáé Ýíáò module player (ìçí ôïí óõã÷Ýåôå ìå ôïí Adagio xmp) ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé MOD, S3M, MTM, PTR, STM, 669, êáé XM modules (õðïóôçñßæïíôáé åðßóçò êáé Üëëá formats, áëëÜ áêüìç ðåéñáìáôéêÜ Þ ìç ïëïêëçñùìÝíá). Áí Ý÷åôå êÜñôá Þ÷ïõ ìå óýíèåóç êõìáôïìïñöÞò (GUS Þ SoundBlaster 32AWE), ôüôå ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå áõôü ôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ôçò êÜñôáò Þ÷ïõ ãéá íá ìåéþóåôå ôï öüñôï ôçò CPU. Åßíáé åðßóçò äéáèÝóéìï Ýíá X frontend óôï xmp . ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Claudio Matsuoka (claudio@lobo.inf.ufpr.br) êáé ôïí H. Carraro Jr. Ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå óôï xmp home page <http://www.merdre.net/~claudio/xmp/>. 2.2.5. s3mod Ðáßæåé 4/6/8 track MOD modules êáé Scream Tracker 3 modules. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß ìïíïöùíéêÞ Ýîïäï ôùí 8 bit ìå óõ÷íüôçôá äåéãìáôïëçøßáò ôùí 22000 Hz áðü default. Ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí åðéëïãÞ -s ãéá íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï stereo, ôçí -b ãéá ôçí Ýîïäï 16 bit, êáé ôçí -f ãéá íá èÝóåôå ôçí óõ÷íüôçôá äåéãìáôïëçøßáò. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, ï Þ÷ïò åßíáé ÷åéñüôåñïò áðü áõôüí ôïõ tracker (Ý÷åé êÜðïéï èüñõâï), ãé áõôü óõíéóôþ ôç ÷ñÞóç ôïõ tracker áíôß ôïõ s3mod ãéá íá ðáßîåôå êáíïíéêÜ áñ÷åßá MOD (åêôüò êáé áí Ý÷åôå ìéá ÷áìçëþí äõíáôïôÞôùí ìç÷áíÞ). ¸÷åé ðïëý ìéêñüôåñåò áðáéôÞóåéò óå CPU óå ó÷Ýóç ìå ôï tracker. Ôá ðíåõìáôéêÜ äéêáéþìáôá áíÞêïõí óôïõò Daniel Marks êáé David Jeske (jeske@uiuc.edu), but áëëÜ ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå üôé èÝëåôå ìå áõôü (åêôüò áðü ôï íá éó÷õñéóèåßôå ðùò ôï ãñÜøáôå åóåßò). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/s3mod-v1.09.tar.gz. 2.2.6. mod Áõôü ôï beta ðñüãñáììá ðáßæåé MODs (15/31-instrument, ìÝ÷ñé 32 öùíÝò), MTMs, ULTs êáé S3Ms óôçí êÜñôá Gravis Ultrasound. Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé êáé packed modules áí ôá Ý÷åôå gzip, lharc, unzip, êáé unarj åãêáôåóôçìÝíá. Äåí ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé ôá Powerpacked modules Þ modules óõìðéåóìÝíá ìå êÜðïéïõò composers ôçò Amiga(ìå õðïãñáöÞ "PACK" ). Áðáéôåß ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ôçí Ýêäïóç 3.0 ôïõ ïäçãïý Þ÷ïõ. Äåí èá äïõëÝøåé ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç 2.90-2 Þ ðáëáéüôåñåò åêäüóåéò ôïõ ïäçãïý Þ÷ïõ. Ôï text interface áðáéôåß ncurses. ÓõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé êáé Ýíá X interface, ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Tcl/Tk. ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Mikael Nordqvist (mech@df.lth.se Þ d91mn@efd.lth.se). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/mod-v0.81.tgz. 2.2.7. nspmod Åßíáé Ýíáò alpha module player ðïõ ìðïñåß íá ðáßæåé MTM, S3M, êáé MOD modules. Ðñïïñßæåôáé íá åßíáé Ýíáò module player ãéá êÜñôåò Þ÷ïõ ÷ùñßò DSP (ìçí ôï óõã÷Ýåôáé ìå áõôü ðïõ ç Creative Labs ïíïìÜæåé DSP). ÊÜíåé ðåñßðïõ ôçí ßäéá ÷ñÞóç ôçò CPU ìå ôïí tracker. ¸÷åé Ýíá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé ôá modules íá åðáíåêôåëïýíôáé (loop) áí èÝëåôå. Ï áñéèìüò ôùí åðáíåêôåëÝóåùí ìðïñåß íá ðåñéïñéóôåß ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ -l. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß ìüíï Ýîïäï Þ÷ïõ ôùí 8 bit(áðü ôçí Ýêäïóç 0.1). ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Toru Egashira (toru@jms.jeton.or.jp). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/nspmod-0.1.tar.gz. 2.2.8. yampmod Ôï alpha áõôü ðñüãñáììá ó÷åäéÜóôçêå íá ðáßæåé 4êÜíáëá modules ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò åëÜ÷éóôá CPU resources. Äåí ó÷åäéÜóôçêå íá ðáñÝ÷åé Þ÷ï õøçëÞò ðïéüôçôáò. ¸ôóé, ç ìïíáäéêÞ Ýîïäïò Þ÷ïõ ðïõ ðáñÜãåé åßíáé ìïíïöùíéêÞ Ýîïäïò ôùí 22 kHz. Åðßóçò, ç Ýîïäïò äåí åßíáé üóï êáèáñÞ üóï èá Ýðñåðå, ðñÜãìá ðïõ áíôéêáôïðôñßæåé êáé ôçí alpha êáôÜóôáóç ôïõ ðñïãñÜììáôïò. ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí David Groves (djg@djghome.demon.co.uk). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/yampmod-0.1.tar.gz. 2.3. MPEG audio streams Ôï MPEG åßíáé Ýíá ðñüôõðï ðïõ ðåñéãñÜöåé ôçí êùäéêïðïßçóç ôïõ video êáé ôïõ óõó÷åôéæüìåíïõ Þ÷ïõ ãéá øçöéáêÞ áðïèÞêåõóç. Ôï MPEG óõíÞèùò ó÷åôßæåôáé ìå ôï video, áëëÜ ôï ìÝñïò ôïõ Þ÷ïõ ôïõ ðñïôýðïõ ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß îå÷ùñéóôÜ. Ôï ç÷çôéêü ìÝñïò ôïõ ðñïôýðïõ ïñßæåé ôñßá åðßðåäá, åðßðåäï I, II, êáé III. Ïé players ðïõ ìðïñïýí íá áðïêùäéêïðïéïýí õøçëüôåñá åðßðåäá ìðïñïýí íá áðïêùäéêïðïéïýí êáé ÷áìçëüôåñá. (ð.÷. players ôïõ åðéðÝäïõ III ìðïñïýí íá ðáßæïõí áñ÷åßá ôïõ åðéðÝäïõ II). Ôá áñ÷åßá Þ÷ïõ MPG åðéðÝäïõ I óõíÞèùò Ý÷ïõí ôçí êáôÜëçîç .mpg (Ýôóé áí õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ìå áõôÞ ôçí êáôÜëçîç ðïõ äåí åêôåëåßôáé áðü Ýíáí MPEG video player, åßíáé ðéèáíüôçôá Ýíá stream Þ÷ïõ), ôïõ åðéðÝäïõ II Ý÷ïõí óõíÞèùò ôçí êáôÜëçîç .mp2, êáé ôïõ åðéðÝäïõ III ôçí êáôÜëçîç .mp3. Ç óõìðßåóç ôïõ Þ÷ïõ åßíáé ðïëý êáëÞ. ¸íá áñ÷åßï Þ÷ïõ MPEG II ôùí 2Ì èá ðÜñåé ðéèáíüôáôá 25 megabytes óáí áóõìðßåóôï PCM áñ÷åßï ßäéáò ðïéüôçôáò. 2.3.1. mpg123 Áõôü ôï beta ðñüãñáììá åßíáé Ýíáò éêáíüò MPEG audio stream player, ðïõ Ý÷åé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá layers I, II, êáé III. Âáóßæåôáé óå êþäéêá áðü ðïëëÝò ðçãÝò. Ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé streams óå ðñáãìáôéêü ÷ñüíï ðïõ äéáâÜæïíôáé áðü HTTP (ð.÷. êÜðïéïò ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé Ýíá MPEG stream Þ÷ïõ êáôåõèåßáí ìÝóù ôïõ World Wide Web). Ï êõñßùò óõããñáöÝáò ôïõ åßíáé ï Michael Hipp (Michael.Hipp@student.uni-tuebingen.de). Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé íá äéáíåìçèåß óå áðáñÜëëá÷ôï, åëåýèåñá ãéá ìç êåñäïóêïðéêïýò óêïðïýò. Ç åíóùìÜôùóÞ ôïõ óå óõëëïãÝò ìå äùñåÜí ëïãéóìéêü (üðùò CD-ROM images óå FTP servers) ñçôÜ åðéôñÝðåôáé. Ç ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß áðü ôï Oliver Fromme's mpg123 page <http://www.heim3.tu-clausthal.de/~olli/mpg123/>. 2.3.2. maplay 1.2 Áõôüò MPEG stream player Þ÷ïõ Ý÷åé õðïóôÞñéîç ìüíï ãéá layer I êáé layer II streams, êáé õðïëåßðåôáé õðïóôÞñéîçò ãéá layer III streams. Õðïóôçñßæåé êÜñôåò Þ÷ïõ bit óå Linux. Áðáéôåß ìåãÜëç õðïëïãéóôéêÞ éó÷ý, ðáßñíïíôáò ðåñßðïõ ôï 55% ôïõ ÷ñüíïõ ôçò CPU óå Ýíáí 60MHz Pentium. Ç Ýîïäïò äåí áíôÝ÷åôáé óå Ýíáí 66MHz 486 ãéáôß ç CPU áðëÜ äåí ìðïñåß íá ðñïëÜâåé ôïí Þ÷ï. Áí áõôü óõìâåß óå åóÜò, ðñïóðáèÞóôå íá ðáßîåôå ìüíï ôçí ìéá ðëåõñÜ ôïõ stream Þ÷ïõ (ìå ôçí åðéëïãÞ -l or -r option), áíôß ãéá ôï óôÝñåï ðïõ åßíáé ôï ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï. Ìéá ìéêñÞ áëëáãÞ óå Ýíá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ßóùò åßíáé áíáãêáßá, ãéá íá ôï êÜíåôå compile. ÏíïìáóôéêÜ, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá ðñïóèÝóåôå ôçí åðüìåíç ãñáììÞ óôçí áñ÷Þ ôïõ áñ÷åßïõ configuration.sh. #! /bin/sh Ï óõããñáöÝáò åßíáé ï Tobias Bading (bading@cs.tu-berlin.de). Ôï maplay 1.2 ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï ftp.cs.tu- berlin.de óôï /pub/multimedia/maplay1.2/maplay1_2.tar. 2.3.3. maplay 1.3b ÁõôÞ åßíáé ìéá áíåðßóçìç ôñïðïðïßçóç (äçë. ü÷é áðü ôïí åðßóçìï óõããñáöÝá) ôïõ maplay 1.2, þóôå íá ìðïñåß íá ôñÝ÷åé ìå ðïëý ëéãüôåñï öüñôï óôçí CPU. Áõôü ôï ðåôõ÷áßíåé êÜíïíôáò ôçí Ýîïäï u-law íá äïõëåýåé êáé óå Üëëåò ðëáôöüñìåò åêôüò ôïõ SPARC. Óçìåéþóôå ðùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß u-law output áðü default, êáé Ýôóé ç ðïéüôçôá ôïõ Þ÷ïõ åßíáé ÷áìçëüôåñç. Ïé ôñïðïðïéÞóåéò Ýãéíáí áðü ôïí Orlando Andico (orly@gibson.eee.upd.edu.ph). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/maplay-1.3b- Linux.tar.gz. 2.3.4. maplay3 Áõôü åßíáé Ýíá áêüìá ðáñÜãùãï ôïõ maplay 1.2. ÐñïóèÝôåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá MPEG Layer 3 streams Þ÷ïõ. ÁõôÞ ôç óôéãìÞ äåß÷íåé íá Ý÷åé êÜðïéá bugs óôï playback (ßóùò áêïýóåôå êÜðïéïõò èïñýâïõò óáí ãñáôóïýíéóìá). ºóùò ðñÝðåé íá ðáßîåôå ìå ôéò åðéëïãÝò ôïõ ãéá íá ëýóåôå áõôü ôï ðñüâëçìá. Ïé ôñïðïðïéÞóåéò Ýãéíáí áðü ôïí by Timo Jantunen (timo.jantunen@hut.fi Þ jeti@cc.hut.fi). ËÝåé ðùò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß åëåýèåñá, áëëÜ êÝñäïò áðü áõôü áðáãïñåýåôáé. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, äåí åßìáé áðüëõôá óßãïõñïò ãéá ôçí åãêõñüôçôá áõôÞò ôçò ðíåõìáôéêÞò éäéïêôçóßáò, ìéá ðïõ ôï áñ÷éêü maplay åßíáé êÜôù áðü ôçí GNU General Public License, ðïõ äåí åðéôñÝðåé óå ðáñÜãùãåò äïõëåéÝò íá Ý÷ïõí äéáöïñåôéêü êáèåóôþò ðíåõìáôéêÞò éäéïêôçóßáò. Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/maplay3.tar.gz. 2.3.5. splay Áõôüò ï beta player åßíáé Ýíá áêüìá ðáñÜãùãï ôïõ maplay 1.2 (ðñáãìáôéêÜ, åßíáé ðáñÜãùãï ôïõ maplay 1.2+, ôï ïðïßï åßíáé Ýíá ðáñÜãùãï ôïõ maplay 1.2 áðïêëåéóôéêÜ êáé ìüíï ãéá ôá MS Windows). ÐñïóèÝôåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá MPEG Layer 3 streams Þ÷ïõ. Åßíáé åðßóçò éêáíü íá ðáßæåé áñ÷åßá WAV. Ìðïñåß íá ðáßîåé streams Þ÷ïõ ðïõ ëáìâÜíïíôáé áðü ìéá HTTP óýíäåóç. ¸íá áêüìá ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ôïõ splay åßíáé ðùò ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß óáí âéâëéïèÞêç (êÜôù áðü ôçí LGPL), þóôå íá ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé êáé áðü Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá. Åðßóçò åðé÷åéñåß íá âåëôéþóåé ôçí áðüäïóç ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò threading (÷ñåéÜæåóôå pthread ãéá íá êÜíåôå ÷ñÞóç áõôÞò ôçò äõíáôüôçôáò) êáé ëßãç inline assembly. Ôï splay ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Ýíá command line interface êáé Ýíá ðñïáéñåôéêü X interface (ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß QT). Áí ìåôÜ ôï compile äåí äïõëåýåé (ð.÷. êÜíåé segmentation fault), ðñïóðáèÞóôå íá ôï ìåôáãëùôôßóôå îáíÜ ÷ùñßò ôï threading. Áðü ôïí Jung Woo-jae (jwj95@eve.kaist.ac.kr). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß óôï splay's home page <http://adam.kaist.ac.kr/~jwj95/>. 2.3.6. Sajber Jukebox Ôï ðñüãñáììá áõôü åßíáé Ýíáò MPEG player Þ÷ïõ ìå Ýíá ãñáöéêü user interface. Âáóßæåôáé óôï splay, êáé Ýôóé ðåñéëáìâÜíåé õðïóôÞñéîç ãéá MPEG Þ÷ïõ, ìÝ÷ñé êáé ôï III. Åðßóçò åßíáé éêáíü íá ðáßæåé MPEG streams Þ÷ïõ óå ðñáãìáôéêü ÷ñüíï, ìå ôï stream íá ôñïöïäïôåßôáé áðü HTTP. Öáßíåôáé åðßóçò åýêïëï óôçí ñýèìéóÞ ôïõ.. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï QT toolkit (÷ñåéÜæåôáé ç Ýêäïóç 1.2 ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí). Åðßóçò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôçí âéâëéïèÞêç LinuxThreads (ôï åêôåëÝóéìï äïõëåýåé ìüíï ìå ôçí Ýêäïóç 0.5). Ï óõããñáöÝáò åßíáé ï Joel Lindholm (wizball@kewl.campus.luth.se). Ç ôåëåõôáßá Ýêäïóç ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï kewl.campus.luth.se óôï /pub/jukebox. 2.3.7. amp Áõôüò ï beta MPEG player Þ÷ïõ Ý÷åé õðïóôÞñéîç ìüíï ãéá MPEG Layer 3 streams Þ÷ïõ. Åßíáé éêáíüò íá ðáßæåé êáôåõèåßáí óôçí êÜñôá Þ÷ïõ, êáé ìðïñåß íá åîÜãåé óå áóõìðßåóôá áñ÷åßá PCM Þ WAV. Êáé áõôüò áðáó÷ïëåß ðïëý ôçí CPU (ðåñßðïõ 60% óå Ýíá 133MHz Pentium). ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Tomislav Uzelac (tuzelac@rasip.fer.hr). Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß êáé äéáíåìçèåß åëåýèåñá, üóï äåí ðùëåßôáé åìðïñéêÜ, ÷ùñßò Üäåéá (ôï íá óõìðåñéëçöèåß óå CD-ROMs ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïõí åëåýèåñï ëïãéóìéêü åðéôñÝðåôáé ñçôÜ, ðáñüëá áõôÜ). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï ftp.rasip.fer.hr óôï /pub/mpeg/amp-0.7.3.tgz. 2.3.8. XAudio Áõôüò ç alpha âéâëéïèÞêç ãñÜöôçêå ãéá íá áðïôåëÝóåé ìéá ãñÞãïñç õëïðïßçóç ìéáò âéâëéïèÞêçò áðïêùäéêïðïßçóçò MPEG Þ÷ïõ, ðïõ íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü äéÜöïñá ãñáöéêÜ front-ends. Õðïóôçñßæåé MPEG Þ÷ï ãéá layers I, II, êáé III. Åßíáé éêáíüò ãé ôõ÷áßá ðñüóâáóç óå bitstreams. ¸íá interface ãñáììÞò-åíôïëÞò óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé. Ìéá Ýêäïóç ãéá Motif (Lesstif) front-end åðßóçò óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôçí Ýêäïóç ãéá Linux. Åßíáé áðü ôïí Gilles Boccon-Gibod, Alain Jobart êáé Üëëïõò. Ôá front- ends óôç âéâëéïèÞêç ìðïñïýí íá äéáíÝìïíôáé åëåýèåñá. Ç ßäéá ç âéâëéïèÞêç ðñÝðåé íá êáôá÷ùñçèåß (licensed) ãéá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß (Üäåéá ãéá êþäéêá êáé ãéá åêôåëÝóéìï åßíáé äéáèÝóéìç). Ôá front-ends óôçí âéâëéïèÞêç ìðïñïýí íá áðïêôçèïýí áðü ôçí XAudio home page <http://www.mpeg.org/xaudio/>. 2.3.9. Layer 3 Shareware Encoder/Decoder Áõôüò åßíáé ïõóéáóôéêÜ Ýíáò ìåôáôñïðÝáò áðü MPEG Layer 3 streams Þ÷ïõ óå WAV, AIFF, SND, AIFC, Þ áðëÜ áóõìðßåóôá PCM áñ÷åßá. Ç Ýêäïóç ãéá The Linux äåí êÜíåé áðåõèåßáò Ýîïäï óôçí êÜñôá Þ÷ïõ. ÐñÝðåé íá ôï ìåôáôñÝøåôå ðñþôá óå êÜðïéï Üëëï format. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, üôáí åðé÷åéñÞóåôå íá ðáßîåôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï áðü ìåôáôñïðÞ, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôï sox, èá áêïýóåôå ðéèáíþò êÜðïéï èüñõâï ãéáôß ç äéÜôáîç ôùí ëÝîåùí (words óôá äåßãìáôá ôïõ PCM äåí åßíáé óùóôÞ (ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí óå Intel ðëáôöüñìåò). Èá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá äþóåôå óôï sox ôçí åðéëïãÞ -x ãéá íá ëýóåôå áõôü ôï ðñüâëçìá. ÁëëÜ õðÜñ÷ïõí êÜðïéïé players ðïõ äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá åéäïðïéçèïýí ðùò ç äéÜôáîç ôùí ëÝîåùí åßíáé ëÜèïò, êáé Ýôóé ßóùò íá ìçí ÷ñåéáóôåß íá áíçóõ÷Þóåôå ãéá áõôü. Áí Ý÷åôå Ýíá áëçèéíÜ ãñÞãïñï Ç/Õ (ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí Ýíá 100Mhz Pentium), ôüôå ìðïñåßôå íá äïêéìÜóåôå íá ðáßîåôå MPEG Layer 3 streams áðåõèåßáò ÷ùñßò íá ìåôáôñÝøåôå ôï áñ÷åßï Þ÷ïõ óå Üëëï format, üðùò óôï ðáñÜäåéãìá ðïõ áêïëïõèåß( ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá õðïèÝôåé ðùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï sox êáé ðáßæåôå Ýíá óôåñåïöùíéêü äåßãìá ôùí 44.1 kHz). $ l3dec foo.mp3 -sto | play -t raw -x -u -w -c 2 -r 44100 - Ï áñéèìüò ìåôÜ ôï -r åßíáé ï ñõèìüò äåéãìáôïëçøßáò ôïõ stream Þ÷ïõ, êáé ï áñéèìüò ìåôÜ ôï -c åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôï áí åßíáé ìïíïöùíéêü Þ óôåñåïöùíéêü (Þ áêüìá êáé ôåôñáöùíéêü). Áí áõôü ìïéÜæåé ðïëý ìðëåãìÝíï, ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå êÜôé óáí script-öëïéïý (shell script) Þ Ýíá øåõäþíõìï (alias). Åßíáé óå Üäåéá ðíåõìáôéêÞò éäéïêôçóßáò ãéá shareware áðü ôï Fraunhofer-IIS. Ìéá Ýêäïóç åðßäåéîçò ãéá Linux óå óõóôÞìáôá x86 ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï ftp.fhg.de óôï /pub/layer3. Ç Ýêäïóç åðßäåéîçò (demo version) ìåôáôñÝðåé ìüíï streams Þ÷ïõ layer III. 2.4. WAV ÐáñÜèåóç áðü ôçí óåëßäá âïÞèåéáò (man page) ôïõ sox: ÌïéÜæïõí íá åßíáé ðïëý ðáñüìïéá ìå áñ÷åßá IFF, áëëÜ ü÷é ôá üìïéá. Åßíáé ôï åããåíÝò format áñ÷åßïõ Þ÷ïõ ôùí Windows 3.1. Ðñïöáíþò, ôá Windows 3.1 åßíáé ôüóï áðßóôåõôá óðïõäáßá ãéá ôçí âéïìç÷áíßá ôùí Ç/Õ ðïõ Ýðñåðå íá Ý÷ïõí ôï äéêü ôïõò format áñ÷åßùí Þ÷ïõ. ÁõôÜ Ý÷ïõí óõíÞèùò ôçí êáôÜëçîç.wav. Äåßôå åðßóçò ôï ôìÞìá ``sox'' êáé ôï ``bplay'' ãéá Üëëïõò players WAV åêôüò áðü áõôïýò ðïõ áíáöÝñïíôáé åäþ. 2.4.1. wavplay Ôï ðñüãñáììá áõôü õðïóôçñßæåé åêôÝëåóç êáé åããñáöÞ óå WAV format. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß êëåßäùìá (locking) Ýôóé þóôå ìüíï Ýíáò Þ÷ïò ôçí öïñÜ ìðïñåß íá åêôåëåóôåß. Ïé äõíáôüôçôåò ôïõ ãéá êëåßäùìá ìðïñïýí íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèïýí êáé îå÷ùñéóôÜ áðü ôéò äõíáôüôçôåò åêôÝëåóçò Þ÷ùí ôïõ. Åêôüò åíüò interface ãñáììÞò-åíôïëÞò, Ý÷åé êáé Ýíá Motif interface, ôï ïðïßï ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ìå Lesstif. Áñ÷éêÜ ãñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Andre Fuechsel (af1@irz.inf.tu-dresden.de), áëëÜ åîåëß÷èçêå ìÝ÷ñéò óçìåßïõ íá îáíá ãñáöôåß áðü ôçí áñ÷Þ áðü ôïí Warren W. Gay (bx249@freenet.toronto.on.ca Þ wwg@ica.net). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/wavplay-1.0.tar.gz. 2.5. ËïéðÜ ðñÜãìáôá ÁõôÞ ç åíüôçôá áíáöÝñåé ëïéðü õëéêü ðïõ ðáßæåé formats Þ÷ïõ ðïõ äåí áîßæïõí îå÷ùñéóôÞ åíüôçôá(ð.÷. formats ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ìüíï Ýíáí player), êáé players ðïõ ðáßæïõí Ýíá Þ êáé ðåñéóóüôåñá format. 2.5.1. sox Ôï ðñüãñáììá åßíáé ïõóéáóôéêÜ Ýíáò ìåôáôñïðÝáò, äçëáäÞ ìåôáôñÝðåé Ýíá format áñ÷åßïõ Þ÷ïõ óå Ýíá Üëëï. Ðáñüëá áõôÜ, ìåñéêÝò åêäüóåéò ôïõ sox, üôáí êáëïýíôáé áðü ôï play, ðáßæïõí êáé ôïí Þ÷ï (ç åöáñìïãÞ play óôï Sound HOWTO probably áíáöÝñåôáé óå áõôü). Õðïóôçñßæåé áðëÜ (raw - no header) äõáäéêÜ äåäïìÝíá êáé äåäïìÝíá ÷áñáêôÞñùí, áñ÷åßá Þ÷ïõ IRCAM, Sound Blaster .voc, SPARC .au (÷ùñßò header), Mac HCOM, PC/DOS .sou, Sndtool, êáé Sounder, NeXT .snd, Windows 3.1 RIFF/WAV, Turtle Beach .smp, CD-R, êáé Apple/SGI AIFF êáé 8SVX formats Áðü êÜðïõ óôïõò ðõñÞíåò 1.3.6x, ìðïñåß íá ÷ñåéáóôåß íá êÜíåôå ìéá ìéêñÞ áëëáãÞ óå Ýíá áðü ôá áñ÷åßá ãéá íá ðáßæåôáé ôïõò Þ÷ïõò áðåõèåßáò. ÄçëáäÞ, èá ðñÝðåé íá áëëÜîåôå ôçí ãñáììÞ 179 óôï sbdsp.c from if (abuf_size < 4096 || abuf_size > 65536) { óå if (abuf_size < 1 || abuf_size > 65536) { ºóùò ðÜëé íá ìçí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá ôï êÜíåôå. ÁëëÜ êÜíïíôáò ôï, äåí èá ÷áëÜóåôå ôßðïôá. ¸÷åé ãñáöôåß êáé, ôá ðíåõìáôéêÜ ôïõ äéêáéþìáôá, êáôï÷õñùèåß áðü ðïëëïýò, êáé ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ãéá êÜèå óêïðü. Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/convert/Lsox-linux.tar.gz. Ìéá ðéï ðñüóöáôç Ýêäïóç áðü ôïí Chris Bagwell (cbagwell@sprynet.com) (ðïõ âáóßæåôáé óôçí ôåëåõôáßá gamma Ýêäïóç ôïõ ðñùôïôýðïõ sox (êáé óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåé ôçí ðáñáðÜíù äéüñèùóç) fix) êáé ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/convert/sox-11gamma-cb3.tar.gz. 2.5.2. bplay ÁõôÞ ôï beta ðñüãñáììá ðáßæåé áóõìðßåóôá áðëÜ áñ÷åßá Þ÷ïõ, WAV, êáé VOC files. åßíáé åðßóçò éêáíü íá ç÷ïãñáöåß óå ôÝôïéá áñ÷åßá. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß ìéá ðïéêéëßá ôå÷íéêþí ãéá íá åðéôý÷åé ôçí õøçëüôåñç äõíáôÞ ôá÷ýôçôá, þóôå íá ôñÝ÷åé áðïäåêôÜ áêüìá êáé óå áñãÝò ìç÷áíÝò. Ìéá áðü áõôÝò ôéò ôå÷íéêÝò áðáéôåß ôá åãêáôåóôçìÝíá ðñïãñÜììáôá íá åßíáé setuid root. Ïé ðáñáíïúêïß ðïõ åëðßæïõí íá ôï ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóïõí, ßóùò èÝëïõí åðßóçò êáé ôï ðáêÝôï ãéá Debian ôïõ Ian Jackson (ijackson@gnu.org, ðïõ áêõñþíåé áõôÞ ôï ÷áñáêôçñéóôéêü ôïõ, ðïõ ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôï setuid bit. Ï óõããñáöÝáò åßíáé ï David Monro (davidm@gh.cs.usyd.edu.au). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/bplay-0.96.tar.gz. 2.5.3. SIDPLAY Áõôü ôï ðñüãñáììá ðñïóïìïéþíåé ôï Sound Interface Device chip (MOS 6581, óõ÷íÜ áðïêáëïýìåíï SID) êáé ôï Micro Processor Unit (MOS 6510) ôïõ Commodore 64. Ãé'áõôü åßíáé éêáíü íá öïñôþíåé êáé íá åêôåëåß ðñïãñÜììáôá óå ãëþóóá ìç÷áíÞò C64 ðïõ ðáñÜãïõí ìïõóéêÞ Þ Þ÷ï. ÃåíéêÜ, fragments êþäéêá êáé äåäïìÝíùí ðïõ Ý÷ïõí åîá÷èåß áðü ðáé÷íßäéá êáé ðñïãñÜììáôá åðéäåßîåùí ðïõ êáé ìåôáöåñèåß êáôåõèåßáí áðü ôïí C64. ×ñçóéìïðïéåß êÜðïéï ðñïêáèïñéóìÝíï interface ãñáììÞò-åíôïëþí. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí åðßóçò Tk êáé QT interfaces äéáèÝóéìá îå÷ùñéóôÜ áðü ôï êõñßùò ðáêÝôï. Óõíôçñåßôáé áðü ôïí Michael Schwendt (sidplay@geocities.com). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß áðü ôçí SIDPLAY's home page <http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/5147/>. 2.5.4. RealAudio Player Óáò åðéôñÝðåé íá áêïýôå ôïí Þ÷ï, ðïõ áðïèçêåýåé óå äéêü ôïõ (proprietary) format, óå ðñáãìáôéêü ÷ñüíï áðü ôï Internet ÷ùñßò íá êáôåâÜóåôå ïëüêëçñï ôï áñ÷åßï Þ÷ïõ ðñþôá. Èá ìðïñïýóå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ìüíï ôïõ, áëëÜ áëçèéíÜ óôï÷åýåé óôç ÷ñÞóç ìå êÜðïéïí web browser (ñçôÜ õðïóôçñßæåé Mosaic êáé Netscape). Äåí ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ÷ùñßò ôá (äåí èá ìðïñÝóåôå íá ôï âÜëåôå íá äïõëÝøåé ìå áðü êïíóüëá). Åßíáé ôçò Progressive Networks, Inc. Äåí ìðïñåß íá äéáíåìçèåß, áëëá÷èåß êëð. ÊïéôÜîåôå ôçí Üäåéá ÷ñÞóçò ãéá áêñéâåßò ëåðôïìÝñåéåò ôïõ ôé ìðïñåßôå íá êÜíåôå. Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß åÜí äçëùèåßôå ÷ùñßò êüóôïò óôçí RealAudio home page <http://www.realaudio.com/>. 2.5.5. cat ÊÜðïéïé ðéóôåýïõí, ðùò ìåñéêÝò öïñÝò ç ðïëõ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìåíç åöáñìïãÞ óõíÝíùóçò cat, Ý÷åé ó÷Ýóç êáé ìå ôçí åêôÝëåóç Þ÷ùí. Èá óáò äåßîù ôçí ÷ñÞóç ôçò ìÝóù åíüò ðáñáäåßãìáôïò $ cat sample.voc > /dev/dsp $ cat sample.wav > /dev/dsp $ cat sample.au > /dev/audio ÊÜíïíôáò cat óå Ýíá áñ÷åßï .au óôï /dev/audio óõíÞèùò èá äïõëÝøåé, êáé áí åßóôå êáé áñêåôÜ ôõ÷åñïß íá Ý÷åé ôï áñ÷åßï ôçí óùóôÞ äéÜôáîç ôùí byte (ãéá ôçí ðëáôöüñìá óáò) êëð., Ýíá cat åíüò áñ÷åßïõ Þ÷ïõ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß äåßãìáôá PCM (üðùò .wav Þ .voc) óôï /dev/dsp ìðïñåß íá áêïõóôåß óùóôÜ åðßóçò. ÁõôÞ äåí åßíáé ìéá åíôåëþò Ü÷ñçóôç åöáñìïãÞ ôçò cat. Ìðïñåß íá åßíáé ÷ñÞóéìç ,ãéá ðáñÜäåéãìá, åÜí Ý÷åôå Ýíá áñ÷åßï Þ÷ïõ ðïõ êáíÝíá áðü ôá ðñïãñÜììáôÜ óáò äåí áíáãíùñßæåé, êáé îÝñåôå ðùò ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß PCM , ôüôå ìðïñåßôå íá ðÜñåôå, ìå áõôü ôïí ôñüðï, ìéá ÷ïíôñéêÞ éäÝá ôïõ ðùò áêïýãåôáé (áí åßóôå ôõ÷åñïß). 3. Áëëåò ÷ñÞóéìåò åöáñìïãÝò Þ÷ïõ ÁõôÞ ç åíüôçôá äåí Ý÷åé íá êÜíåé ìå ôçí åêôÝëåóç áñ÷åßùí Þ÷ïõ. Ðåñéóóüôåñï, åßíáé ìéá óõëëïãÞ áðü åöáñìïãÝò Þ÷ïõ ðïõ ìðïñåß íá öáíïýí ÷ñÞóéìåò. 3.1. volume Åßíáé Ýíá interface ãñáììÞò åíôïëþí ãéá Ýëåã÷ï ôçò Ýíôáóçò (ôé Üëëï èá'ôáí;). ¸÷åé åðßóçò Ýíá îå÷ùñéóôü interface óå Tcl/Tk interface ðïõ óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôï ðáêÝôï, ãéá Ýëåã÷ï Þ÷ïõ êáé åêôÝëåóç áñ÷åßùí .au. ¸íáò ðïëý áðëüò Tcl/Tk CD óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé åðßóçò. Åßíáé Freeware êáé ãñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Sam Lantinga (slouken@cs.ucdavis.edu). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß áðü ôï anonymous FTP óôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/soundcard/volume-2.1.tar.gz. 3.2. Sound Studio Åßíáé ìéá åöáñìïãÞ óå Tcl/Tk ðïõ õðïóôçñßæåé åêôÝëåóç, ç÷ïãñÜöçóç êáé äéüñèùóç øçöéáêþí Þ÷ùí ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò sox. ÐåñéëáìâÜíåé ôï sox óôç äéáíïìÞ ôçò ãéá íá áðïöýãåé ðñïâëÞìáôá óõìâáôüôçôáò. ÃñÜöôçêå áðü ôïí Paul Sharpe êáé ôïí N. J. Bailey (N.J.Bailey@leeds.ac.uk). Ìðïñåß íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß åëåýèåñá êáé äéáíåìçèåß, áí óôåßëåôå óôïí óõããñáöÝá Ýíá êáñô-ðïóôÜë. Ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôç Sound Studio's home page <http://www.elec- eng.leeds.ac.uk/staff/een6njb/Software/Studio/screens.html>. 3.3. Tickle Music Áõôü ôï beta Tcl/Tk ðñüãñáììá åßíáé Ýíáò browser ìïõóéêþí áñ÷åßùí ðïõ åðéôñÝðåé ôçí åêôÝëåóç äéáöüñùí format Þ÷ùí, åÜí Ý÷åôå óôï óýóôçìÜ óáò ôï êáôÜëëçëï ðñüãñáììá íá ôïõò ðáßîåé. Áðü ðñïåðéëïãÞ ôï gmod ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé ãéá íá ðáßæåé áñ÷åßá MOD êáé ôï mp ãéá áñ÷åßá MIDI (ìðïñåßôå íá áëëÜîåôå ôïí êþäéêá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß Üëëá ðñïãñÜììáôá). ¸÷åé ãñáöôåß êáé êáôï÷õñùèåß áðü ôïí Shannon Hendrix (shendrix@pcs.cnu.edu Þ shendrix@escape.widomaker.com). Ìðïñåß íá áðïêôçèåß ìå anonymous FTP áðü ôï sunsite.unc.edu óôï /pub/Linux/apps/sound/players/tmusic-1.0.tar.gz. 4. ÐáñáðïìðÝò 1. Ç ôåêìçñßùóç ðïõ óõìðåñéëáìâÜíåôáé óôéò åöáñìïãÝò ðïõ åìöáíßæïíôáé óå áõôü ôï êåßìåíï. 2. Ôï Linux Sound HOWTO. Ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß óôï Linux Documentation Project <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP/>. 3. Linux MIDI and Sound Pages <http://www.digiserve.com/ar/linux-snd/> 4. MPEG Audio Layer 3 FAQ <http://www.iis.fhg.de/departs/amm/layer3/sw/> 5. Programmer's Guide to OSS <http://www.4front-tech.com/pguide/> 6. SoX home page <http://www.spies.com/Sox/>