<HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Program Execution functions</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PHP Manual" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Function Reference" HREF="funcref.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="pcntl_wtermsig" HREF="function.pcntl-wtermsig.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="escapeshellarg" HREF="function.escapeshellarg.html"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="reference" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >PHP Manual</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="function.pcntl-wtermsig.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="function.escapeshellarg.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="reference" ><A NAME="ref.exec" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="title" >LXXXIII. Program Execution functions</H1 ><DIV CLASS="PARTINTRO" ><A NAME="AEN78683" ></A ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.intro" ></A >Introduction</H1 ><P > Those functions provides means to executes commands on the system itself, and means secure such commands. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.requirements" ></A >Requirements</H1 ><P >No external libraries are needed to build this extension.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.installation" ></A >Installation</H1 ><P >There is no installation needed to use these functions; they are part of the PHP core.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.configuration" ></A >Runtime Configuration</H1 ><P >This extension has no configuration directives defined in <TT CLASS="filename" >php.ini</TT >.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.resources" ></A >Resource Types</H1 ><P >This extension has no resource types defined.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.constants" ></A >Predefined Constants</H1 ><P >This extension has no constants defined.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="section" ><H1 CLASS="section" ><A NAME="exec.seealso" ></A >See Also</H1 ><P > These functions are also closely related to the <A HREF="language.operators.execution.html" >backtick operator</A >. Also, while in <A HREF="features.safe-mode.html" >Safe Mode</A > you must consider the <A HREF="features.safe-mode.html#ini.safe-mode-exec-dir" > safe_mode_exec_dir</A > directive. </P ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.escapeshellarg.html" >escapeshellarg</A > -- escape a string to be used as a shell argument</DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.escapeshellcmd.html" >escapeshellcmd</A > -- escape shell metacharacters</DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.exec.html" >exec</A > -- Execute an external program</DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.passthru.html" >passthru</A > -- Execute an external program and display raw output </DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.proc-close.html" >proc_close</A > -- Close a process opened by proc_open and return the exit code of that process. </DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.proc-open.html" >proc_open</A > -- Execute a command and open file pointers for input/output </DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.shell-exec.html" >shell_exec</A > -- Execute command via shell and return complete output as string </DT ><DT ><A HREF="function.system.html" >system</A > -- Execute an external program and display output</DT ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="function.pcntl-wtermsig.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="function.escapeshellarg.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >pcntl_wtermsig</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="funcref.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >escapeshellarg</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >