<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<appendix id="gfdl" lang="⟨">
<appendixinfo>
<revhistory><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>write</revremark> </revision><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>translate</revremark> </revision><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>tproof</revremark> </revision><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>pproof</revremark> </revision><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>ispell</revremark> </revision><revision><revnumber>0.8</revnumber><date>YYYY-MM-DD</date><authorinitials>tbn</authorinitials><revremark>lproof</revremark> </revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.en.lproof</revnumber>
<date>2002-05-16</date>
<authorinitials>cb</authorinitials>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.en.ispell</revnumber>
<date>2002-05-16</date>
<authorinitials>cb</authorinitials>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.en.pproof</revnumber>
<date>2002-05-16</date>
<authorinitials>cb</authorinitials>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.en.tproof</revnumber>
<date>2002-05-14</date>
<authorinitials>cb</authorinitials>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.en.write</revnumber>
<date>2002-5-7</date>
<authorinitials>cb</authorinitials>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</appendixinfo>
<title id="gfdl-ti1">GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<!-- - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF) -->
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<indexterm id="gfdl-it1">
<primary>GFDL</primary>
</indexterm>
<sect1>
<title id="gfdl-ti2">GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa1">Version 1.1, March 2000</para>
<blockquote>
<para id="gfdl-pa2">Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software
Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute
verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
not allowed.</para>
</blockquote>
<sect2 label="0">
<title id="gfdl-ti3">PREAMBLE</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa3">The purpose of this License is to make a
manual, textbook, or other written document
"free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work,
while not being considered responsible for modifications made
by others.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa4">This License is a kind of
"copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same
sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which
is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa5">We have designed this License in order to
use it for manuals for free software, because free software
needs free documentation: a free program should come with
manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can
be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this
License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or
reference.</para>
<para revision="-1"> </para>
<para revision="-1"> </para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="1">
<title id="gfdl-ti4">APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa6">This License applies to any manual or
other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright
holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this
License. The "Document", below, refers to
any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa7">A "Modified Version" of
the Document means any work containing the Document or a
portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications
and/or translated into another language.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa8">A "Secondary Section"
is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document
that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
and contains nothing that could fall directly within that
overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
historical connection with the subject or with related
matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or
political position regarding them.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa9">The "Invariant
Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
in the notice that says that the Document is released under
this License.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa10">The "Cover Texts" are
certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that
says that the Document is released under this License.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa11">A "Transparent" copy
of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in
a format whose specification is available to the general
public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings)
some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable
for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to
a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A
copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called
"Opaque".</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa12">Examples of suitable formats for
Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup,
Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a
publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for
which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some
word processors for output purposes only.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa13">The "Title Page"
means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works
in formats which do not have any title page as such,
"Title Page" means the text near the most
prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding
the beginning of the body of the text.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="2">
<title id="gfdl-ti5">VERBATIM COPYING</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa14">You may copy and distribute the Document
in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially,
provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the
license notice saying this License applies to the Document
are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not
use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or
further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must
also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa15">You may also lend copies, under the same
conditions stated above, and you may publicly display
copies.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="3">
<title id="gfdl-ti6">COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa16">If you publish printed copies of the
Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's
license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
copies. The front cover must present the full title with all
words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with
changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa17">If the required texts for either cover
are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first
ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover,
and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa18">If you publish or distribute Opaque
copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must
either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added
material, which the general network-using public has access
to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard
network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must
take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of
Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of
that edition to the public.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa19">It is requested, but not required, that
you contact the authors of the Document well before
redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a
chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="4">
<title id="gfdl-ti7">MODIFICATIONS</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa20">You may copy and distribute a Modified
Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2
and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version
under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses
a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
Modified Version:</para>
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa21">Use in the Title Page (and on the
covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
Document, and from those of previous versions (which
should, if there were any, be listed in the History
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a
previous version if the original publisher of that
version gives permission.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa22">List on the Title Page, as authors,
one or more persons or entities responsible for
authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
together with at least five of the principal authors of
the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
less than five).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa23">State on the Title page the name of
the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
publisher.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa24">Preserve all the copyright notices
of the Document.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa25">Add an appropriate copyright notice
for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright
notices.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa26">Include, immediately after the
copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of
this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa27">Preserve in that license notice the
full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts
given in the Document's license notice.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa28">Include an unaltered copy of this
License.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa29">Preserve the section entitled
"History", and its title, and add to it
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
Title Page. If there is no section entitled
"History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
sentence.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa30">Preserve the network location, if
any, given in the Document for public access to a
Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
"History" section. You may omit a
network location for a work that was published at least
four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives
permission.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa31">In any section entitled
"Acknowledgements" or
"Dedications", preserve the
section's title, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa32">Preserve all the Invariant Sections
of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their
titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
considered part of the section titles.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa33">Delete any section entitled
"Endorsements". Such a section may not
be included in the Modified Version.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para id="gfdl-pa34">Do not retitle any existing section
as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
title with any Invariant Section.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para id="gfdl-pa35">If the Modified Version includes new
front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary
Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
you may at your option designate some or all of these
sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa36">You may add a section entitled
"Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the
text has been approved by an organization as the
authoritative definition of a standard.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa37">You may add a passage of up to five
words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words
as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by
you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting
on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace
the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
publisher that added the old one.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa38">The author(s) and publisher(s) of the
Document do not by this License give permission to use their
names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of
any Modified Version.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="5">
<title id="gfdl-ti8">COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa39">You may combine the Document with other
documents released under this License, under the terms
defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
that you include in the combination all of the Invariant
Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in
its license notice.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa40">The combined work need only contain one
copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant
Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
original author or publisher of that section if known, or
else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license
notice of the combined work.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa41">In the combination, you must combine any
sections entitled "History" in the various
original documents, forming one section entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections
entitled "Acknowledgements", and any
sections entitled "Dedications". You must
delete all sections entitled
"Endorsements."</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="6">
<title id="gfdl-ti9">COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa42">You may make a collection consisting of
the Document and other documents released under this License,
and replace the individual copies of this License in the
various documents with a single copy that is included in the
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa43">You may extract a single document from
such a collection, and distribute it individually under this
License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the
extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="7">
<title id="gfdl-ti10">AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT
WORKS</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa44">A compilation of the Document or its
derivatives with other separate and independent documents or
works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the
Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for
the compilation. Such a compilation is called an
"aggregate", and this License does not
apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with
the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if
they are not themselves derivative works of the
Document.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa45">If the Cover Text requirement of section
3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the
Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate,
the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
aggregate.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="8">
<title id="gfdl-ti11">TRANSLATION</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa46">Translation is considered a kind of
modification, so you may distribute translations of the
Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant
Sections with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of
some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original
versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include
the original English version of this License. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original English
version of this License, the original English version will
prevail.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="9">
<title id="gfdl-ti12">TERMINATION</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa47">You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or
distribute the Document except as expressly provided for
under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from
you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 label="10">
<title id="gfdl-ti13">FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS
LICENSE</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa48">The Free Software Foundation may publish
new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</ulink>
.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa49">Each version of the License is given a
distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that
a particular numbered version of this License "or
any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that
specified version or of any later version that has been
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Document does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a
draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1>
<title id="gfdl-ti14">How to use this License for your
documents</title>
<para id="gfdl-pa50">To use this License in a document you have
written, include a copy of the License in the document and put
the following copyright and license notices just after the
title page:</para>
<blockquote>
<para id="gfdl-pa51">Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission
is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST
THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with
the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".</para>
</blockquote>
<para id="gfdl-pa52">If you have no Invariant Sections, write
"with no Invariant Sections" in­stead
of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead
of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
for Back-Cover Texts.</para>
<para id="gfdl-pa53">If your document contains nontrivial
examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples
in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as
the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>
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