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<H2><A NAME="s2">2. SMP Linux</A></H2>

<P>
<P>$B$3$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$G$O!"(B
<A HREF="http://www.linux.org.uk/SMP/title.html">SMP Linux</A> 
$B%7%9%F%`$rJBNs=hM}$K;H$&J}K!$K$D$$$F!"MWE@$r$+$$$D$^$s$G8+$F$$$-$^$9!#(B
SMP Linux $B$N:G?7$N>pJs$O!"(BSMP Linux $B%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H(B
$B$GF@$i$l$^$9!#(Bmajordomo@vger.rutgers.edu $B$K(B <CODE>subscribe linux-smp</CODE> 
$B$H=q$$$FEE;R%a!<%k$rAw$k$H;22C$G$-$^$9!#(B
<P>SMP Linux $B$OK\Ev$KF0:n$9$k$N$G$7$g$&$+!)(B 1996 $BG/(B 6 $B7n$K?7IJ$N(B($B<B$O%N!<(B
$B%V%i%s%I(B ;-)100MHz $B6nF0$N(B Pentium $B$r(B 2 $B8DEk:\$7$?%7%9%F%`$r9XF~$7$^$7$?!#(B
$B%Q!<%D$+$iAH$_>e$2$?%7%9%F%`$G!"%W%m%;%C%5$H(B Asus $B$N%^%6!<%\!<%I!"(B256 K 
$B$N%-%c%C%7%e!"(B32 MB $B$N(B RAM$B!"(B1.6 GB $B$N%G%#%9%/!"(B6 $BG\B.$N(B CD-ROM$B!"%S%G%*(B
$B%+!<%I$K(B Stealth 64$B!"(B15 $B%$%s%A$N(B Acer $B$N%b%K%?!<$,$D$$$F!"9g7W(B 1,800 
$B%I%k$G$7$?!#%W%m%;%C%5$,(B 1 $B$D$N%7%9%F%`$HHf$Y$F?t(B 100 $B%I%k9b$/$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
SMP Linux $B$rF0$+$9$N$OFq$7$$$3$H$G$O$J$/!"C1FH%W%m%;%C%5MQ$N!VIaDL$K$D$$$F(B
$B$/$k!W(BLinux $B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$F!"(Bmakefile $B$K$"$k(B <CODE>SMP=1</CODE> $B$H$$$&9T(B
$B$N%3%a%s%H$r30$7$F!"%+!<%M%k$r:F%3%s%Q%$%k$7(B(<CODE>SMP</CODE> $B$r(B <CODE>1</CODE> 
$B$K@_Dj$H$O!"$A$g$C$HHiFy$G$9$M(B ;-)$B!"(B<CODE>lilo</CODE> $B$K?7$7$$%+!<%M%k$r@_Dj(B
$B$9$l$P$$$$$@$1$G$9!#$3$N%7%9%F%`$N%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$O?=$7J,$J$/!"0BDj@-$b(B
$B==J,$G$9!#$=$l0JMh%a%$%s$N%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s$H$7$F3hLv$7$F$$$^$9!#$D$^$j(B
SMP Linux $B$O<B:]$KF0$$$F$$$k$N$G$9!#(B
<P>$B<!$K$o$+$i$J$$$N$O!"$O$?$7$F(B SMP Linux $B$G$I$NDxEY$N%l%Y%k$N9b$5(B
$B$G6&M-%a%b%j$r;H$C$?JBNs%W%m%0%i%`$r%3!<%G%#%s%0$7$F<B9T$G$-$k$+$H(B
$B$$$&$3$H$G$7$g$&!#(B
1996 $BG/A0H>$G$O!"$^$@==J,$H$O$$$($^$;$s$G$7$?!#$7$+$7>u67$OJQ$o$j$^$7$?!#(B
$BNc$($P!"8=:_$G$O6K$a$F40@.EY$,9b$$(B POSIX $B%9%l%C%I%i%$%V%i%j$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
<P>$BK\Mh$N6&M-%a%b%jJ}<0$HHf$Y$F%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$ONt$j$^$9$,!"(BSMP Linux 
$B%7%9%F%`$G$O!"$b$H$b$H%=%1%C%HDL?.$r;H$C$?%o!<%/%9%F!<%7%g%s>e$GF0$/(B
$B%/%i%9%?MQ$K3+H/$7$?JBNs=hM}MQ$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$N$[$H$s$I$rMxMQ$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B%=%1%C%H(B($B%;%/%7%g%s(B 3.3 $B$r;2>H$N$3$H(B)$B$O!"C1FH$N(B SMP Linux $B>e$GF0:n$7!"(B
$B%/%i%9%?$r%M%C%H%o!<%/>e$GAH$s$@J#?t$N(B SMP $B%^%7%s$G$bF0:n$7$^$9!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"%=%1%C%H$O(B SMP $B$K$H$C$F$OI,MW$J$$%*!<%P!<%X%C%I$,$+$J$jB?$/(B
$B$"$j$^$9!#%*!<%P!<%X%C%I$N$+$J$j$NItJ,$O%+!<%M%k$d3d$j9~$_@)8f$K$"$j(B
$B$^$9!#$3$l$,LdBj$r$5$i$K0-2=$5$;$F$$$^$9!#$H$$$&$N$b!"DL>o(B SMP Linux 
$B$O!"%+!<%M%kFb$GF1;~$KF0:n$G$-$k%W%m%;%C%5$O(B 1 $B$D$@$1$G!"3d$j9~$_(B
$B%3%s%H%m!<%i$H$7$F@_Dj$G$-$k%W%m%;%C%5$b$?$C$?(B 1 $B$D$@$1$J$N$G$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j%V!<%H$7$?%W%m%;%C%5$7$+3d$j9~$_$r$+$1$i$l$^$;$s!#(B
$B$=$l$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"I8=`E*$J(B SMP $B$NDL?.5!4o$O!"BgItJ,$N%/%i%9%?$rAH$s$@(B
$B%M%C%H%o!<%/$h$j$bM%$l$F$$$^$9!#%/%i%9%?MQ$K@_7W$5$l$?%=%U%H%&%'%"$,!"(B
$B%/%i%9%?>e$GF0$/$h$j$b(B SMP $B>e$NJ}$,$&$^$/F0:n$9$k$3$H$,B?$$$h$&$G$9!#(B
<P>$B!ZLuCp!'(BLinux $B$N%+!<%M%k$,(B 2.4 $B$K$J$j(B SMP $BBP1~$,2~NI$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
2.2 $B7ONs0JA0$G$O!"%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$,8F$S=P$5$l$k$H$=$l$,F0$$$F$$$k%W%m%;%C%5(B
$B$,%+!<%M%k$rN%$9$^$G%+!<%M%kA4BN$K%m%C%/$r$+$1$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
$B$D$^$jB>$N%W%m%;%C%5$,%+!<%M%k$rMxMQ$7$h$&$H$7$F$b(B($B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$rH/9T(B
$B$7$F$b(B)$B!"%+!<%M%k$N%m%C%/$,$O$:$l$k$^$G(B($B8=:_F0$$$F$$$k%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$N(B
$B=hM}$,=*$o$k$^$G(B)$B=hM}BT$A$K$J$C$F$$$^$7$?!#(B2.4 $B7ONs$G$O%+!<%M%kA4BN$G$O$J$/!"(B
$B%+!<%M%kFbIt$G%W%m%;%C%54V$G6&M-$7$F$$$k;q8;C10L$G$N%m%C%/$,2DG=$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
$B$?$@$7$9$Y$F$,;q8;C10L$G$N%m%C%/$KJQ99$5$l$?$o$1$G$O$J$/!"0MA3$H$7$F%+!<%M%k(B
$B$r%m%C%/$9$kItJ,$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
$B3d$j9~$_$K$D$$$F$b!"$=$l$>$l$N%W%m%;%C%5$+$i$+$1$k$3$H$,2DG=$K$J$j$^$7$?![(B
<P>$B$3$N%;%/%7%g%s$N;D$j$NItJ,$G$O!"(BSMP $B$N%O!<%I%&%'%"$K$D$$$FO@$8!"(BLinux $B$G(B
$BJBNs%W%m%0%i%`$N%W%m%;%9$,%a%b%j$r6&M-$79g$&4pK\E*$J$7$/$_$r8+$F9T$/$3$H(B
$B$K$7$^$9!#%"%H%_%C%/$J=hM}$dJQ?t$NJ]B8!";q8;$N%m%C%/!"%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s(B
$B$K$D$$$F(B $B>/$70U8+$r=R$Y$F!":G8e$KB>$N6&M-%a%b%jJBNs=hM}$K$D$$$F$N;qNA$r(B
$B$$$/$D$+>R2p$7$?$$$H;W$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 SMP $B$N%O!<%I%&%'%"(B</A>
</H2>

<P>
<P>SMP $B%7%9%F%`$O$b$&2?G/$bF0$-B3$1$F$$$^$9$,!"$D$$:G6a$^$G4pK\E*$J5!G=$N(B
$B<BAu$,$=$l$>$l$N%^%7%s$G0[$J$k798~$K$"$C$?$?$a!"%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B
$B$N%5%]!<%H$O0\?"@-$,$"$k$H$O8@$($^$;$s$G$7$?!#(B
$B$3$N>u67$,JQ$o$k$-$C$+$1$K$J$C$?$N$,!"(B<B>MPS</B> $B$H8F$P$l$k(B Intel $B$N(B 
Multiprocessor Specification $B$G$9!#(BMPS 1.4 $B$N;EMM$O!"(BPDF $B%U%!%$%k$G(B
<A HREF="http://www.intel.com/design/pro/datashts/242016.htm">http://www.intel.com/design/pro/datashts/242016.htm</A> $B$+$iMxMQ(B
$B$G$-$^$9!#$^$?(B MPS 1.1 $B$K$D$$$F$N35MW$,(B 
<A HREF="http://support.intel.com/oem_developer/ial/support/9300.HTM">http://support.intel.com/oem_developer/ial/support/9300.HTM</A>
$B!ZLuCp!'%j%s%/@Z$l![$K$"$j$^$9!#$?$@!"(Bintel $B$N(B WWW $B%5%$%H$O$h$/9=@.$rJQ$($k(B
$B$N$GCm0U$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
$B%W%m%;%C%5$r:GBg(B 4 $B$D$^$GEk:\$9$k(B MPS $B8_49$N%7%9%F%`$O!"?tB?$/$N(B
<A HREF="http://www.uruk.org/~erich/mps-hw.html">$B%Y%s%@!<(B</A>$B$,9=C[$7$F(B
$B$$$^$9!#$7$+$7(B MPS $B$OM}O@>e$b$C$HB??t$N%W%m%;%C%5$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>$BHs(B MPS $B$G(B $BHs(B IA-32 $B$J%7%9%F%`$G(B SMP Linux $B$,%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$k$b$N$O!"(B
Sun4m $B$r:\$;$?%^%k%A%W%m%;%C%5$N(B SPARC $B%^%7%s$G$9!#(BSMP Linux $B$O(B Intel 
$B$N(B MPS $B%P!<%8%g%s(B 1.1 $B$b$7$/$O(B 1.4 $B8_49$N%^%7%s$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$*$j!"(B16 
$B8D$^$G$N(B 486DX$B!"(BPentium$B!"(BPentium MMX$B!"(BPentium Pro$B!"(BPentium II $B$r%5%]!<%H(B
$B$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$J$$(B IA-32 $B%W%m%;%C%5$K$O!"(BIntel $B$N(B 386 $B$H(B Intel $B$N(B 486SX/SLC 
$B$G$9(B(SMP $B$N$7$/$_$HIbF0>.?tE@1i;;AuCV$r$D$J$0%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$,$"$j$^$;$s(B)$B!#(B
AMD $B$H(B Cyrix $B%W%m%;%C%5(B(SMP $B$r%5%]!<%H$9$k%A%C%W$,0[$J$k$N$G!"$3$N(B
$B%I%-%e%a%s%H$r=q$$$F$$$k;~E@$G$OMxMQ$G$-$^$;$s(B)$B$,>e$2$i$l$^$9!#(B
<P>$B!ZLuCp!'@h$K=R$Y$?(B 
<A HREF="http://aggregate.org/KLAT2/">KLAT2</A> $B$O!"(BAMD $B$N(B Athlon $B$rEk:\$7$F$$$F!"(BSWAR $B$H$7$F(B intel $B$N(B MMX 
$B$K2C$($F!"(BAMD $B$N%^%k%A%a%G%#%"3HD%L?Na$G$"$k(B 3DNow! $B$bMxMQ$7$F$$$^$9![(B
<P>$BBg@Z$J$N$O!"(BMPS $B8_49$N%7%9%F%`$N%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$,Bg$-$/$P$i$D$/$3$H$r(B
$BCN$C$F$*$/$3$H$G$9!#3'$5$s$NM=A[DL$j!"%W%m%;%C%5$NB.EY$O%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9(B
$B$N:9$K1F6A$rM?$($kMW0x$N(B 1 $B$D$G$9!#%/%m%C%/B.EY$,B.$1$l$PB.$$$[$I!"$h$j(B
$B9bB.$J%7%9%F%`$K$J$k798~$K$"$j$^$9$7!"(BPentium Pro $B$O(B Pentium $B$h$j$b9bB.(B
$B$G$9!#$7$+$7(B MPS $B<+BN$O6&M-%a%b%j$N<BAu$,$I$N$h$&$G$"$k$+$K$D$$$F;EMM(B
$B$r7h$a$F$$$k$o$1$G$O$J$/!"$?$@%=%U%H%&%'%"$NE@$+$i$I$N$h$&$K<BAu$,5!G=(B
$B$9$Y$-$J$N$+$r7h$a$F$$$k$K2a$.$^$;$s!#$D$^$j%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$H$O!"6&M-%a%b%j(B
$B$N<BAu$,$I$N$h$&$K(B SMP Linux $B$d%f!<%6$N%W%m%0%i%`$NFC@-$HAj8_$KO"78$7$F(B
$B$$$k$+$N7k2L$G$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
<P>$B$^$:(B MPS $B$K=`5r$7$?%7%9%F%`$=$l$>$l$G8+$J$1$l$P$$$1$J$$$N$O!"$I$N$h$&$K(B
$B%7%9%F%`$,J*M}E*$J6&M-%a%b%j$K%"%/%;%9$G$-$k$N$+$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>$B$=$l$>$l$N%W%m%;%C%5$OFH<+$N(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$r;}$C$F$$$k$+!)(B</H3>

<P>
<P>MPS Pentium $B$N0lIt$d$9$Y$F$N(B MPS Pentium Pro$B!"(BPentium II $B%7%9%F%`$O!"(B
$BFHN)$7$?(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$r;}$C$F$$$^$9(B(Pentium Pro $B$d(B Pentium II $B$O%b(B
$B%8%e!<%k$KAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$^$9(B)$B!#FHN)$7$?(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$O0lHLE*$K(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?$N%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$r:GBg8B$K0z$-=P$9$H8+$J$5$l$F$$$^$9$,!"(BLinux 
$B$G$O$=$l$[$IC1=c$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#J#;($K$7$F$$$kBh(B 1 $B$N860x$O!"8=>u$N(B SMP 
Linux $B$N%9%1%8%e!<%i$,%W%m%;%9$=$l$>$l$rF1$8%W%m%;%C%5$K3d$jEv$FB3$1(B
$B$J$$$h$&$K$7$F$$$kE@$K$"$j$^$9!#$3$l$O(B<B>$B%W%m%;%C%5!&%"%U%#%K%F%#(B</B>
$B$H8F$P$l$F$$$k9M$(J}$G$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O$9$0$K$G$bJQ99$5$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#:G6a!V%W%m%;%C%5!&%P%$%s%G%#(B
$B%s%0!W$H$$$&%?%$%H%k$G!"(BSMP Linux $B$N3+H/%3%_%e%K%F%#$G$3$N9M$(J}$,(B
$B2?EY$+5DO@$5$l$^$7$?!#%W%m%;%C%5!&%"%U%#%K%F%#$,$J$$$H!"FHN)$7$?(B 
L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$,B8:_$7$?>l9gL5;k$G$-$J$$%*!<%P!<%X%C%I$,H/@8$7$F$7$^(B
$B$$$^$9!#$=$l$O!"$"$k%W%m%;%9$,:G8e$K<B9T$7$F$$$?%W%m%;%C%5$G$O$J$/!"(B
$BJL$N%W%m%;%C%5$G%?%$%`%9%i%$%9$r3d$jEv$F$i$l$?>l9g$KH/@8$7$^$9!#(B
<P>$B!ZLuCp!'%+!<%M%k(B2.2$B7ONs$G$O!"FCDj$N(B CPU $B$KFCDj$N%W%m%;%9$r3d$j(B
$BEv$F$k$3$H$OI8=`$G$O$G$-$^$;$s$,!"%Q%C%A$H$7$F(B PSET - Processor Sets 
for the Linux kernel(
<A HREF="http://isunix.it.ilstu.edu/~thockin/pset/">http://isunix.it.ilstu.edu/~thockin/pset/</A>) 
$B$,MQ0U$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
2.4 $B7ONs$G$O!"%W%m%;%9$rF1$8%W%m%;%C%5$K$J$k$Y$/=hM}$5$;$k$h$&$K(B
$B%9%1%8%e!<%j%s%0J}K!$,JQ99$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$^$?%W%m%;%C%5!&%P%$%s%G%#%s%0(B
$B$O!"3d$j9~$_$K$D$$$F$O<BAu$5$l$F$*$j!"%W%m%;%9$K$D$$$F$O8!F$Cf$G$9![(B
<P>$BHf3SE*0B2A$J%7%9%F%`$NB?$/$O!"(B1 $B$D$N(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$r(B 2 $B$D$N(B Pentium 
$B%W%m%;%C%5$G6&M-$7$F$$$^$9!#:$$C$?$3$H$K%-%c%C%7%e$N6%9g$,H/@8$7$F!"J#?t(B
$B$NFHN)$7$?=g<!=hM}$r$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$KBP$7$F?<9o$J%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$NDc2<$r0z$-(B
$B5/$3$7$^$9!#5U$KNI$$E@$O!"JBNs%W%m%0%i%`$NB?$/$,<B:]$K6&M-$7$?%-%c%C%7%e(B
$B$N287C$r<u$1$k2DG=@-$,$"$k$3$H$G$9!#$H$$$&$N$O!"N>J}$N%W%m%;%C%5$,(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j$NF1$8%i%$%s$K%"%/%;%9$7$h$&$H$9$k>l9g!"%-%c%C%7%e$K%G!<%?$r(B
$B%U%'%C%A$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$O(B 1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5$@$1$G!"%P%9$N6%9g$,Hr$1$i$l(B
$B$^$9!#%W%m%;%C%5!&%"%U%#%K%F%#$,$J$1$l$P!"6&M-$N(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$N%G!<%?(B
$BIT@09g$r$h$jDc$/2!$($k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#$D$^$jJBNs=hM}$K$H$C$F!"M=A[$7$F$$$?(B
$B$[$I!"6&M-$N(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$K7gE@$,$"$k$H$OCGDj$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
<P>$B;dC#$,=jM-$7$F$$$k(B 2 $B$D$N(B Pentium $B$rEk:\$7$?(B 256 K $B$N%-%c%C%7%e$r;}$D(B
$B%7%9%F%`$r;HMQ$7$?7P83$+$i$9$k$H!"%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$KHs>o$K$P$i$D$-$,$"$j!"(B
$B$=$N860x$O%+!<%M%k$,Ii$&=hM}$N%l%Y%k$K0MB8$7$F$$$^$9!#:G0-$GLs(B 1.2 $BG\(B
$B$NB.EY8~>e$K$7$+$J$j$^$;$s!#$7$+$7(B 2.1 $BG\$^$G9bB.2=$,$G$-$?$3$H$+$i!"(B
$B7W;;Cf?4$N(B SPMD $B%9%?%$%k$N%3!<%I$O$^$5$K!V%U%'%C%A$N6&M-!W8z2L$,$G$F(B
$B$$$k$3$H$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>$B%P%9$N9=@.!)(B</H3>

<P>
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<P>
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<P>
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<P>
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</H2>

<P>
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<P>
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<P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/Os/threads.html">Threads</A> $B$O!"K\Mh!V7ZNL(B(light-weight)$B!W$J%W%m%;%9$H$7$F!"DL>o(B
$B$N(B UNIX $B>e$N%W%m%;%9$H$O0c$C$?%9%1%8%e!<%k$GF0:n$7$F$$$^$7$?!#$3$3$G(B
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POSIX 
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/software/pth/">Pthreads</A> 
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<P>
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<PRE>
volatile int * volatile p;
</PRE>
<HR>
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1 $BA}$($k$3$H$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(BIntel $B$K$h$k(B Pentium $B$N!V(BArchitecture 
and Programming Manual$B!W$K$h$k$H!"(B<CODE>LOCK</CODE> $B$H$$$&C18l$,F,$K$D$$$F(B
$B$$$k$H!"$=$N8e$K$/$kL?Na$,2?$G$"$C$F$b!"%a%b%j>e$N%G!<%?$X$N%"%/%;%9$K(B
$B4XO"$9$kA`:n$O%"%H%_%C%/$G$"$k$3$H$,J]>Z$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
BTS, BTR, BTC                     mem, reg/imm
XCHG                              reg, mem
XCHG                              mem, reg
ADD, OR, ADC, SBB, AND, SUB, XOR  mem, reg/imm
NOT, NEG, INC, DEC                mem
CMPXCHG, XADD
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>$B$7$+$7$3$l$i$NL?Na$rA4LLE*$K:NMQ$9$k$3$H$O!"NI$$;W$$IU$-$H$O$$$($J$$(B
$B$G$7$g$&!#Nc$($P!"(B<CODE>XADD</CODE> $B$O(B 386 $B%W%m%;%C%5$G$O;HMQ$G$-$^$;$s(B
$B$N$G!"0\?"$NLL$GLdBj$,@8$8$F$7$^$&$G$7$g$&!#(B
<P><CODE>XCHG</CODE> $BL?Na$O!"(B<CODE>LOCK</CODE> $B$H$$$&C18l$,F,$K$D$$$F$$$J$/$F$b(B
<EM>$B>o$K(B</EM>$B%m%C%/$r$+$1$^$9$7!"$3$NJ}K!$OL@$i$+$K%"%H%_%C%/$JA`:n$H(B
$B$7$F!"$h$j9b5i$J%"%H%_%C%/$N$7$/$_$G$"$k%;%^%U%)$d%-%e!<$N6&M-$h$j$b(B
$BM%$l$F$$$^$9!#$b$A$m$s(B C $B$G%3!<%G%#%s%0$7$?$b$N$r(B GCC $B$K$+$1$F$b!"$3$N(B
$BL?Na$O@8@.$G$-$^$;$s!D$=$N$+$o$j$K!">/$7$P$+$j%$%s%i%$%s$G%"%;%s%V%j!&(B
$B%3!<%I$N5-=R$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9!#(B1 $B%o!<%I$N(B volatile $B$J%*%V%8%'%/%H$G$"$k(B 
<EM>obj</EM> $B$H$d$O$j(B 1 $B%o!<%I$N%l%8%9%?CM$G$"$k(B <EM>reg</EM> $B$rDj5A(B
$B$9$k$H!"(BGCC $B$N%$%s%i%$%s$G$N%"%;%s%V%j!&%3!<%I$O2<5-$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
__asm__ __volatile__ ("xchgl %1,%0"
                      :"=r" (reg), "=m" (obj)
                      :"r" (reg), "m" (obj));
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>GCC $B$N%$%s%i%$%s$N%"%;%s%V%j!&%3!<%I$G!"%S%C%HA`:n$r;H$C$F%m%C%/$r(B
$B$+$1$kNc$O!"(B
<A HREF="ftp://caliban.physics.utoronto.ca/pub/linux/">bb_threads library</A> $B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
<P>$B$7$+$7!"$*$\$($F$*$$$FM_$7$$$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#$=$l$O%a%b%jA`:n$r%"%H%_%C%/(B
$B$K9T$&$H!"$=$l$J$j$K%3%9%H$,$+$+$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#%m%C%/$r$+$1$kA`:n$O(B
$B$+$J$jBg$-$J%*!<%P!<%X%C%I$,$+$+$j!"DL>o$N;2>H$,%m!<%+%k$J%-%c%C%7%e$r(B
$BMxMQ$9$k$N$KHf$Y!"B>$N%W%m%;%C%5$+$i$N%a%b%j;2>H$OCY1d$,@8$8$F$7$^$&$3$H(B
$B$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#:GE,$J%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$rF@$k$K$O!"$G$-$k$@$1%m%C%/A`:n$r(B
$B;HMQ$7$J$$$3$H$G$9!#$^$?!"$3$l$i(B IA32 $B$G$N%"%H%_%C%/$JL?Na$O!"EvA3$G$9$,(B
$BB>$N%7%9%F%`$K$O0\?"$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
<P>$B$3$NB>$K$b2r7hJ}K!$O$$$m$$$m$"$j$^$9!#DL>o$NL?Na$KBP$7$F!"F14|$r$$$m$$$m(B
$B$H$H$k$?$a$N<BAu$,$$$/$D$bMQ0U$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$=$NCf$K$O(B <B>$BAj8_GSB>(B
(mutual exclusion$B!#N,>N(B mutex))</B>$B$,$"$j!">/$J$/$H$b(B 1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5(B
$B$,$$$D$G$b6&M-$7$F$$$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$r99?7$G$-$k$3$H$rJ]>Z$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$?$$$F$$$N(B OS $B$N%F%-%9%H$G$O!"$3$l$i$N%F%/%K%C%/$NFb$N$$$/$D$+$rO@$8$F(B
$B$$$^$9!#(BAbraham Silberschatz $B;a(B $B$H(B Peter B. Galvin $B;a$N6&Cx$G$"$k!"(B
<EM>Operating System Concepts</EM>$B!"(BISBN 0-201-50480-4 $B$NBh(B 4 $BHG$GHs>o$K(B
$BM%$l$?5DO@$,$J$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>$B%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$NBg$-$5(B</H3>

<P>$B%"%H%_%C%/$JA`:n$K4X$7$FI,?\$G!"(BSMP $B$N%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$K7`E*$J1F6A$r(B
$B$"$?$($k$3$H$,$b$&(B 1 $B$D$"$j$^$9!#$=$l$O%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$NBg$-$5$G$9!#(B
MPS $B5,3J$G$O%-%c%C%7%e$,;H$o$l$F$$$F$b$$$J$/$F$b!"F14|$9$k$?$a$N;2>H$,(B
$BI,MW$H$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$7$+$7(B 1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5$,%a%b%j$N$"$k%i%$%s$K=q$-(B
$B9~$_$r9T$&$H!"0JA0=q$-9~$^$l$?%i%$%s>e$K$"$k%-%c%C%7%e$7$F$"$k$b$N$O!"(B
$B$9$Y$F$rL58z$K$9$k$+99?7$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B2 $B$D0J>e$N%W%m%;%C%5$I$l$b$,(B
$B%G!<%?$rF1$8%i%$%s$N0c$&ItJ,$K=q$/$H$9$k$H!"%-%c%C%7%e$d%P%9$KB?NL$N$d$j(B
$B<h$j$,H/@8$7$F$7$^$&$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#$3$l$O;v<B>e%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$+$i(B
$B<uEO$7$,5/$3$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$F$$$^$9!#$3$NLdBj$O!"(B<B>$B566&M-(B(false sharing)</B> $B$H8@$o$l$F$$$^$9!#2r7h$9$k$N$O$$$?$C$FC1=c$G!"(B<EM>$BJBNs$K%"%/%;%9$9$k(B
$B>l9g$O!"$=$l$>$l$N%W%m%;%9$KBP$7$F!"%G!<%?$r$G$-$k$@$10[$J$k%-%c%C%7%e!&(B
$B%i%$%s$+$i<h$C$F$/$k$h$&$K%G!<%?$r9=@.$9$k$3$H$G$9(B</EM>$B!#(B
<P>$B566&M-$O!"(BCPU $B$,6&DL$7$F;HMQ$9$k(B L2 $B%-%c%C%7%e$r;}$C$F$$$k%7%9%F%`$K$O(B
$B4X78$J$$LdBj$H;W$o$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$,!"FHN)$7$FB8:_$9$k(B L1 $B%-%c%C%7%e(B
$B$rK:$l$F$O$$$1$^$;$s!#%-%c%C%7%e$N9=@.$dFHN)$7$?%l%Y%k$N?t$ON><T$H$b(B
$BJQF0$9$k$b$N$G!"(BPentium $B$N(B L1 $B$N%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$NBg$-$5$O(B 32 $B%P%$%H$G(B
$B30It%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$NE57?E*$JBg$-$5$O(B 256 $B%P%$%HDxEY$G$9!#2>$K(B 2 $B$D$N(B
$BMWAG$N%"%I%l%9(B($BJ*M}!"2>A[$I$A$i$G$b(B)$B$,(B <EM>a</EM> $B$H(B <EM>b</EM> $B$H$7$F!"(B
$B%W%m%;%C%5Kh$N:GBg$N%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$NBg$-$5$,(B <EM>c</EM> $B$H$7$F$=$l$,(B 
2 $B$NN_>h$NBg$-$5$H$7$^$9!#87L)$K8@$&$H!"$b$7(B <CODE>((int) <EM>a</EM>) &amp; ~(<EM>c</EM> - 1)</CODE> $B$,(B <CODE>((int) <EM>b</EM>) &amp; ~(<EM>c</EM> - 1)</CODE> $B$HEy$7$1$l$P!"$I$A$i$bF1$8%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$r;2>H$9$k$3$H$K$J$j$^(B
$B$9!#6&M-$9$k%*%V%8%'%/%H$,JBNs$K;2>H$5$l$k>l9g!">/$J$/$H$b(B <EM>c</EM> 
$B%P%$%HN%$l$?0LCV$K$"$k$J$i$P!"0[$J$k%-%c%C%7%e!&%i%$%s$KCV$+$l$k$Y$-$@!"(B
$B$H$$$&$N$,86B'$G$9!#(B
<P>
<H3>Linux $B$N%9%1%8%e!<%i$NLdBjE@(B</H3>

<P>
<P>$BJBNs=hM}$G6&M-%a%b%j$r;HMQ$9$k:]$K$O!"$"$i$f$kItJ,$G(B OS $B$N%*!<%P!<(B
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$B0J30$N$H$3$m$+$iH/@8$9$k2DG=@-$,$"$j$^$9!#4{$K$3$l$^$G$K=R$Y$F$-$^$7$?(B
$B$,!"%W%m%;%9$N?t$O%^%7%s$KIU$1$F$"$k%W%m%;%C%5?t0J2<$K$9$k$h$&$K(B
$B9=@.$9$Y$-$G$9!#$G$b$I$&$d$C$FF0$+$9%W%m%;%9?t$r@53N$K7h$a$i$l$k$N$G(B
$B$7$g$&$+!)(B
<P>$B:G9b$N%Q%U%)!<%^%s%9$rF@$k$K$O!"(B<EM>$BJBNs%W%m%0%i%`$GF0$+$9%W%m%;%9(B
$B?t$O!"$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$G5/F0$9$k%W%m%;%9$,F1;~$K0[$J$k%W%m%;%C%5$G(B
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$B$r;}$D(B SMP $B%7%9%F%`$G$O!"DL>o(B 1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5$O2?$+JL$NL\E*(B($BNc$($P(B 
WWW $B%5!<%P(B)$B$K;H$o$l$F$$$k$H$9$k$H!"(B3 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5$@$1$GJBNs%W%m%0(B
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$B$*$*$^$+$K$I$N$/$i$$$N%W%m%;%9$,%7%9%F%`$G%"%/%F%#%V$J$N$+$O!"(B
<CODE>uptime</CODE> $B%3%^%s%I$G8+$i$l$k!V(Bload average($BJ?6QIi2Y(B)$B!W$r8+$l$P(B
$B$o$+$j$^$9!#(B
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$BM%@h=g0L$r0z$->e$2$k$3$H$,2DG=$G$9!#Nc$($P!"(B<CODE>renice</CODE> $B%3%^%s%I$d(B 
<CODE>nice()</CODE> $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G$9!#M%@hEY$r>e$2$k$K$O!"FC8"$,I,MW$K(B
$B$J$j$^$9!#$3$N%"%$%G%#%"$OC1=c$G!"B>$N%W%m%;%9$r%W%m%;%C%5$+$iDI$$=P(B
$B$7$F!"<+J,$N%W%m%;%9$r$9$Y$F$N%W%m%;%C%5$GF1;~$KF0$+$7$F$7$^$*$&$H(B
$B$$$&9M$($G$9!#$3$N9M$($r%W%m%H%?%$%WHG$N(B SMP Linux $B$r;HMQ$7$F$b$&(B
$B>/$7$-$A$s$H<B8=$7$?$b$N$,(B 
<A HREF="http://www.rtlinux.org/">http://www.rtlinux.org/</A> 
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<P>SMP $B%7%9%F%`$rJBNs=hM}%^%7%s$r$?$@0l?M$G07$&%f!<%6$G$J$$$J$i!"(B2 $B$D0J>e(B
$B$NJBNs%W%m%0%i%`$rF1;~$K<B9T$7$h$&$H$9$k$H!"%W%m%0%i%`4V$G>WFM$,5/$3$k(B
$B62$l$,$"$j$^$9!#IaDL$3$l$r2r7h$9$kJ}K!$O!"(B<B>$B%.%c%s%0%9%1%8%e!<%j%s%0(B
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$BA`:n$7$F!"$$$D$G$b$?$@(B 1 $B$D$NJBNs%W%m%0%i%`$K4X$9$k%W%m%;%9$@$1$,F0$$$F(B
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$BNc$($P!"(B4 $B$D$N%W%m%;%C%5$r;}$D%^%7%s$,!"6/@)%9%1%8%e!<%k$r;H$C$F(B 2 $B$D$N(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`$r$=$l$>$l(B 4 $B$D$N%W%m%;%9$GF0$+$9$h$j$b!"(B2 $B$D$N%W%m%0%i%`$r(B
$B$=$l$>$l(B 2 $B$D$N%W%m%;%9$GF0$+$9J}$,8zN(NI$$$N$O3N$+$G$9!#(B
<P>$B$5$i$K$b$&(B 1 $B$D$3$NLdBj$r$d$d$3$7$/$7$F$$$k;v$,$"$j$^$9!#$"$k%^%7%s$G(B
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$B$NLdBj$O!"%W%m%;%C%5$,(B 1 $B$D$7$+$J$$%7%9%F%`$G%3!<%I$r3+H/$7$?$j%F%9%H$7(B
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<P>$B2r7hJ}K!$O!"%3!<%I$K8F$S=P$7$rAH$_9~$`$3$H$G$9!#$I$s$J>l9g$G$b!"B>$N(B
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<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 bb_threads</A>
</H2>

<P>
<P>bb_threads ($B!V(BBare Bones$B!W(B($BI,MW:GDc8B$N(B) threads)$B%i%$%V%i%j$O!"(B
<A HREF="ftp://caliban.physics.utoronto.ca/pub/linux/">ftp://caliban.physics.utoronto.ca/pub/linux/</A> $B$K$"$kHs>o$K(B
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$B<BAu$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B<CODE>gzip tar</CODE> $B%U%!%$%k$G$?$C$?(B 7 KB $B$G$9!*(B $B$3$N(B
$B%i%$%V%i%j$O!"(B2.4 $B$GO@$8$?(B LinuxThreads $B%i%$%V%i%j$,@$$K=P$?$3$H$G(B
$B2a5n$N$b$N$K$J$C$F$7$^$$$^$7$?$,!"(Bbb_threads $B$O$^$@$^$@Lr$KN)$A(B
$B$^$9!#>.$5$/!"%7%s%W%k$G!"$H$j$"$($::G=i$K(B Linux $B$N%9%l%C%I$r;HMQ$9$k(B
$B$K$O==J,$G$9!#$3$N%=!<%9!&%3!<%I$rFI$s$G$b!"(BLinuxThreads $B$N%=!<%9$rD/$a$?(B
$B;~$N$h$&$K0R0546$r46$8$k$3$H$O$J$$$N$O3N$+$G$9!#$^$H$a$F$_$k$H!"(B
bb_threads $B%i%$%V%i%j$O:G=i$K;n$7$F$_$k$N$K$ONI$$%i%$%V%i%j$G$9$,!"(B
$B@5D>$J$H$3$mBg$-$J%W%m%8%'%/%H$N%3!<%G%#%s%0$G;HMQ$9$k$N$K$OE,$7$F$$$^$;$s!#(B
<P>bb_threads $B%i%$%V%i%j$r;H$C$?4pK\E*$J%W%m%0%i%`$N9=C[J}K!$O!"(B
$B2<5-$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
<P>
<OL>
<LI>$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"(B1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%9$H$7$F%9%?!<%H$5$;$k$3$H(B
</LI>
<LI>$B$=$l$>$l$N%9%l%C%I$GI,MW$K$J$k%9%?%C%/6u4V$N:GBgCM$r8+@Q$k$3$H!#(B
$BBg$-$/8+@Q$C$F$b32$O$J$$(B($B2>A[5-21$,$=$&$G$"$k$h$&$K(B ;-)$B!#(B
$B$7$+$7K:$l$J$$$GM_$7$$$3$H$O!"%9%?%C%/(B<EM>$B$9$Y$F(B</EM>$B$OC1FH$N2>A[%"%I%l%9(B
$B6u4V$KM3Mh$7$F$$$k$?$a!"Bg$-$$$3$H$O$$$$$3$H$@!"$H$$$&$o$1$K$O$$$+$J$$$3$H(B
$B$G$"$k!#(B64 K $B$,$*;n$7$NBg$-$5$G$"$k!#(B
<CODE>bb_threads_stacksize(<EM>b</EM>)</CODE> $B$H$9$k$H!"(B
<EM>b</EM> $B%P%$%H$K@_Dj$G$-$k(B
</LI>
<LI>$B<!$N%9%F%C%W$O!"I,MW$H$J$k$9$Y$F$N%m%C%/$r=i4|2=$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!#(B
$B%m%C%/$N$7$/$_$O$3$N%i%$%V%i%j$KAH$_9~$^$l$F$$$F!"(B0 $B$+$i(B 
<CODE>MAX_MUTEXES</CODE> $B$^$G$NHV9f$,@_Dj$G$-!"(B<EM>i</EM> $B$H$$$&(B
$B%m%C%/$r=i4|2=$9$k$K$O!"(B<CODE>bb_threads_mutexcreate
(<EM>i</EM>)</CODE> $B$H@_Dj$9$k(B
</LI>
<LI>$B?7$7$$%9%l%C%I$r5/$3$9$K$O!"%i%$%V%i%j$N%k!<%A%s$r8F$S=P$7$F2?$N(B
$B4X?t$r%9%l%C%I$H$7$F<B9T$7!"$=$N4X?t$KEO$5$l$k0z?t$O2?$+$r;XDj$9$k!#(B
$B?7$7$$%9%l%C%I$r3+;O$9$k$K$O!"(B<CODE>void</CODE> $B$rJV$jCM$H$9$k4X?t$G$"$k(B 
<EM>f</EM> $B$rC1FH$N(B <EM>arg</EM> $B$r0z?t$H$7$F;}$DI,MW$,$"$j!"(B
<CODE>bb_threads_newthread(<EM>f</EM>, &amp;arg)</CODE> 
$B$H$$$&46$8$G;XDj$9$k$3$H$K$J$k!#$3$3$G(B <EM>f</EM> $B$O(B <CODE>void <EM>f</EM>(void *arg, size_t dummy)</CODE> $B$H$$$&$h$&$K@k8@$7$F(B
$B$*$/$Y$-$G$"$k!#0z?t$,(B 1 $B$D0J>e$K$J$k>l9g$O!"0z?t$NCM$G=i4|2=$7$F$"$k(B
$B9=B$BN$X$N%]%$%s%?$r;XDj$7$F$9$k(B
</LI>
<LI>$BJBNs%3!<%I$r<B9T$9$k!#<B9T$KEv$C$F$O!"(B
<CODE>bb_threads_lock(<EM>n</EM>)</CODE> $B$H(B 
<CODE>bb_threads_unlock(<EM>n</EM>)</CODE> $B$r?5=E$K;HMQ$9$k(B
$B$3$H!#(B<EM>n</EM> $B$O@0?t$G!"$I$N%m%C%/$r;HMQ$9$k$+$r;XDj$9$k!#$3$N(B
$B%i%$%V%i%j$G$N%m%C%/$r$+$1$k$3$H$H%m%C%/$r2r=|$9$kA`:n$O!"%"%H%_%C%/(B
$B$K%P%9$r%m%C%/$9$kL?Na$r;H$C$F!"$"$j$U$l$?%9%T%s!&%m%C%/$G<B8=$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B$3$NJ}K!$G$OI,MW0J>e$K%a%b%j;2>H$NmUmT$,@8$8!"%W%m%;%9$r8xJ?$K<B9T$9$k(B
$B$3$H$,J]>Z$G$-$J$$(B

bb_threads $B$K$D$$$F$$$k%G%b!&%W%m%0%i%`$O@5$7$/%m%C%/$r07$($:!"(B
<CODE>printf()</CODE> $B$,(B <CODE>fnn</CODE> $B$d(B <CODE>main</CODE>$B$J$I$N4X?tFb$GF1;~(B
$B$K<B9T$5$l$F$7$^$&!#$=$N$h$&$J$o$1$G$3$N%G%b$O>o$KF0$/$H$O8B$i$J$$!#(B
$B%G%b$rHsFq$9$k$D$b$j$O$J$$$,!"%m%C%/$K$O(B<EM>$B:Y?4$NCm0U(B</EM>$B$,I,MW$G(B
$B$"$k$3$H$r6/D4$7$F$*$-$?$$!#$^$?!"(BLinuxThreads $B$r;H$($P$o$:$+$G$O$"$k$,(B
$B;H$$$d$9$/$J$k$3$H$bIU$12C$($?$$(B
</LI>
<LI>$B$"$k%9%l%C%I$,(B<CODE>$BJV$jCM(B</CODE>$B$rLa$9;~E@$G!"$=$N%W%m%;%9$,<B:]$K(B
$BGK4~$5$l$k!D$7$+$7!"%m!<%+%k$J%9%?%C%/!&%a%b%j$O<+F0E*$K2rJ|$5$l$J$$!#(B
$B@53N$K8@$&$H(B Linux $B$O%a%b%j$N2rJ|$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$*$i$:!"$=$N%a%b%j6u4V$O(B 
<CODE>malloc()</CODE> $B$N%a%b%j$N6u$-%j%9%H$K<+F0E*$KLa$5$l$J$$!#$D$^$j!"?F(B
$B%W%m%;%9$O(B <CODE>bb_threads_cleanup(wait(NULL))</CODE> $B$r(B
$B8F$S=P$7$F!";`$s$G$7$^$C$?;R%W%m%;%9$N%9%Z!<%9$r:FMxMQ$N$?$a$K:F@k8@$7(B
$B$J$1$l$P$$$1$J$$(B</LI>
</OL>
<P>
<P>$B2<5-$N(B C $B%W%m%0%i%`$O%;%/%7%g%s(B 1.3 $B$GO@$8$?%"%k%4%j%:%`$r85$K!"(B2 $B$D$N(B 
bb_threads $B$r;H$C$F1_<~N($N6a;wCM$r5a$a$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
#include &lt;stdio.h>
#include &lt;stdlib.h>
#include &lt;unistd.h>
#include &lt;sys/types.h>
#include &lt;sys/wait.h>
#include "bb_threads.h"

volatile double pi = 0.0;
volatile int intervals;
volatile int pids[2];      /* Unix PIDs of threads */

void
do_pi(void *data, size_t len)
{
  register double width, localsum;
  register int i;
  register int iproc = (getpid() != pids[0]);

  /* set width */
  width = 1.0 / intervals;

  /* do the local computations */
  localsum = 0;
  for (i=iproc; i&lt;intervals; i+=2) {
    register double x = (i + 0.5) * width;
    localsum += 4.0 / (1.0 + x * x);
  }
  localsum *= width;

  /* get permission, update pi, and unlock */
  bb_threads_lock(0);
  pi += localsum;
  bb_threads_unlock(0);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  /* get the number of intervals */
  intervals = atoi(argv[1]);

  /* set stack size and create lock... */
  bb_threads_stacksize(65536);
  bb_threads_mutexcreate(0);

  /* make two threads... */
  pids[0] = bb_threads_newthread(do_pi, NULL);
  pids[1] = bb_threads_newthread(do_pi, NULL);

  /* cleanup after two threads (really a barrier sync) */
  bb_threads_cleanup(wait(NULL));
  bb_threads_cleanup(wait(NULL));

  /* print the result */
  printf("Estimation of pi is %f\n", pi);

  /* check-out */
  exit(0);
}
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4 LinuxThreads</A>
</H2>

<P>
<P>LinuxThreads(
<A HREF="http://pauillac.inria.fr/~xleroy/linuxthreads/">http://pauillac.inria.fr/~xleroy/linuxthreads/</A>) $B$O!"(BPOSIX 1003.1c 
$B$N%9%l%C%II8=`5,3J$K4p$E$$$F!V$9$Y$F$r6&M-$9$k!W$3$H$r?=$7J,$J$/$7$C$+$j(B
$B$H<BAu$7$F$$$^$9!#B>$N(B POSIX $B=`5r$N%9%l%C%I$N0\?"$H0c$$!"(BLinuxThreads $B$O(B
$B%+!<%M%k$N%9%l%C%I5!G=(B(<CODE>clone()</CODE>)$B$r;H$C$F$*$j!"$3$l$O(B 
bb_threads $B$HF1MM$J<jK!$r$H$C$F$$$^$9!#(BPOSIX $B8_49$@$H%9%l%C%I$r(B
$B;H$C$?%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$rB>$N%7%9%F%`$X0\?"$9$k$3$H$,B>%9%l%C%I$HHf$Y$F(B
$B$+$J$jMF0W$K$J$j!"%A%e!<%H%j%"%kN`$b$$$m$$$mMxMQ$G$-$^$9!#$D$^$j!"(BLinux 
$B$GBg5,LO$K%9%l%C%I2=$5$l$?%W%m%0%i%`$r3+H/$9$k$J$i!"4V0c$$$J$/$3$N(B
$B%Q%C%1!<%8$,E,@Z$G$9!#(B
<P>LinuxThreads $B%i%$%V%i%j$r;H$C$?4pK\E*$J%W%m%0%i%`$N9=C[$N$7$+$?$O!"(B
$B2<5-$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
<P>
<OL>
<LI>$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"(B1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%9$H$7$F%9%?!<%H$5$;$k$3$H(B
</LI>
<LI>$B<!$N%9%F%C%W$O!"I,MW$H$J$k$"$i$f$k%m%C%/$r=i4|2=$9$k$3$H$G$"$k!#(B
bb_threads $B$N%m%C%/$,HV9f$r;XDj$9$k$N$H$O0[$J$j!"(B
<CODE>pthread_mutex_t lock</CODE> $B$H$$$&JQ?t$r@k8@$9$k$N$,(B
POSIX $BN.$G$"$k!#(B<CODE>pthread_mutex_init(&amp;lock,val)</CODE> 
$B$r;H$C$F!"I,MW$J$=$l$>$l$N%9%l%C%I$r=i4|2=$9$k(B
</LI>
<LI>bb_threads $B$HF1MM$K!"?7$7$$%9%l%C%I$r5/$3$9$K$O%i%$%V%i%j$N(B
$B%k!<%A%s$r8F$S=P$7!"2?$N4X?t$r%9%l%C%I$H$7$F<B9T$7!"$=$N4X?t$KEO$5$l$k(B
$B0z?t$O2?$+$r;XDj$9$k!#$7$+$7!"(BPOSIX $B$G$O%f!<%6$,(B 
<CODE>pthread_t</CODE> $B$H$$$&JQ?t$r@k8@$7$F%9%l%C%I$r6hJL$9$k!#(B
$B%9%l%C%I$r5/$3$9$K$O!"(B<CODE>pthread_t thread</CODE> $B$G(B <CODE>f()</CODE> 
$B$rF0$+$9$K$O!"(B<CODE>pthread_create(&amp;thread,NULL,f,&amp;arg)</CODE>
$B$r8F$S=P$9(B
</LI>
<LI>$BJBNs%3!<%I$rF0$+$9$K$O!"(B
<CODE>pthread_mutex_lock(&amp;lock)</CODE> $B$H(B
<CODE>pthread_mutex_unlock(&amp;lock)</CODE> $BE,@Z$J$H$3$m$G(B
$B?5=E$K;HMQ$9$k$3$H(B
</LI>
<LI><CODE>pthread_join(thread,&amp;retval)</CODE> $B$r;H$C$F!"%9%l%C%I(B
$B$N8e;OKv$r$9$k$3$H(B</LI>
<LI>C $B$N%3!<%I$r%3%s%Q%$%k$9$k;~$K$O!"(B<CODE>-D_REENTRANT</CODE> 
$B$r;H$&$3$H(B</LI>
</OL>
<P>$B<!$K$"$2$k$N$O!"1_<~N($N7W;;$r(B LinuxThreads $B$r;H$C$FJBNs$K9T$&Nc$G$9!#(B
$B%;%/%7%g%s(B 1.3 $B$G;H$C$?%"%k%4%j%:%`$,;HMQ$5$l$F$$$F!"(Bbb_threads 
$B$HF1MM$K(B 2 $B$D$N%9%l%C%I$rJBNs$K<B9T$7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
#include &lt;stdio.h>
#include &lt;stdlib.h>
#include "pthread.h"

volatile double pi = 0.0;  /* Approximation to pi (shared) */
pthread_mutex_t pi_lock;   /* Lock for above */
volatile double intervals; /* How many intervals? */

void *
process(void *arg)
{
register double width, localsum;
register int i;
register int iproc = (*((char *) arg) - '0');

/* Set width */
width = 1.0 / intervals;

/* Do the local computations */
localsum = 0;
for (i=iproc; i&lt;intervals; i+=2) {
register double x = (i + 0.5) * width;
localsum += 4.0 / (1.0 + x * x);
}
localsum *= width;

/* Lock pi for update, update it, and unlock */
pthread_mutex_lock(&amp;pi_lock);
pi += localsum;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&amp;pi_lock);

return(NULL);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
pthread_t thread0, thread1;
void * retval;

/* Get the number of intervals */
intervals = atoi(argv[1]);

/* Initialize the lock on pi */
pthread_mutex_init(&amp;pi_lock, NULL);

/* Make the two threads */
if (pthread_create(&amp;thread0, NULL, process, "0") ||
  pthread_create(&amp;thread1, NULL, process, "1")) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot make thread\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}

/* Join (collapse) the two threads */
if (pthread_join(thread0, &amp;retval) ||
  pthread_join(thread1, &amp;retval)) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: thread join failed\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}

/* Print the result */
printf("Estimation of pi is %f\n", pi);

/* Check-out */
exit(0);
}
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5 System V $B$N6&M-%a%b%j(B</A>
</H2>

<P>
<P>System V $B$N(B IPC($B%W%m%;%94VDL?.(B(Inter-Process Communication))$B$O!"(B
$B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$r?tB?$/Ds6!$7$F$^$9!#%a%C%;!<%8!&%-%e!<$d%;%^%U%)!"(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j$H$$$C$?$7$/$_$G$9!#$b$A$m$sK\Mh$3$N$7$/$_$O!"J#?t$N(B
$B%W%m%;%9$r%W%m%;%C%5$,(B 1 $B$D$N%7%9%F%`$GF0$+$9$3$H$rL\E*$H$7$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
$B$7$+$7!"(BSMP Linux $B$GJ#?t$N%W%m%;%94V$G$NDL?.$K$b;H$($k$O$:$G$9!#$?$H$((B
$B$I$s$J%W%m%;%C%5$G$"$C$F$b!#(B
<P>$B$3$l$i$N%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$N;H$$J}$N@bL@$KF~$kA0$K!"(BSystem V $B$N(B IPC $B$K4^$^$l$F(B
$B$$$k%;%^%U%)$d%a%C%;!<%8DL?.$N$h$&$J%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$r;HMQ$9$Y$-$G$O$J$$$3$H(B
$B$rM}2r$7$F$*$$$F$/$@$5$$!#$I$&$7$F$G$7$g$&$+!)(B SMP Linux $B$G$O$3$l$i$N5!G=$O(B
$B35$7$F=hM}$,CY$/!"=g<!<B9T$5$l$k$+$i$G$9!#@bL@$O$3$l$G==J,$G$9$M!#(B
<P>$B6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H$K0lMM$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$?$a$K!"%W%m%;%9$N%0%k!<%W$r:n@.(B
$B$9$k4pK\E*$J<jB3$-$O<!$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
<P>
<OL>
<LI>$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"(B1 $B$D$N%W%m%;%9$H$7$F%9%?!<%H$5$;$k$3$H(B
</LI>
<LI>$BIaDL!"$=$l$>$l$NJBNs=hM}$N%W%m%0%i%`$r<+J,$N6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H(B
$B$r;H$C$FF0$+$7$?$$$+$H;W$o$l$k$N$G!"$=$N>l9g$O(B <CODE>shmget()</CODE> 
$B$r8F$s$GI,MW$JBg$-$5$N%;%0%a%s%H$r?7$7$/:n@.$9$k!#$^$?$3$N%7%9%F%`(B
$B%3!<%k$O!"4{B8$N6&M-%a%b%j$N(B ID $B$rF@$k$?$a$K$b;H$o$l$k!#$I$A$i$N>l9g$b(B
$BJV$jCM$O6&M-%a%b%j$N(B ID $B$+!"%(%i!<$rI=$9(B -1 $B$G$"$k!#Nc$($P!"(B<EM>b</EM> 
$B%P%$%H$NBg$-$5$N6&M-%a%b%j$r:n$k$J$i!"(B<CODE>shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, <EM>b</EM>, (IPC_CREAT | 0666))</CODE> 
$B$H8F$S=P$9(B
</LI>
<LI>$B<!$N%9%F%C%W$O%W%m%;%9$K$3$N6&M-%a%b%j$r%"%?%C%A$7$F!"J8;zDL$j(B
$B$3$N%W%m%;%9$N2>A[%a%b%j%^%C%W$K2C$($k!#(B
$B%W%m%0%i%^!<$O(B <CODE>shmat()</CODE> $B$r8F$V$3$H$G!"2>A[%"%I%l%9>e$N$I$3$K(B
$B6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H$,$"$k$N$+$,$o$+$k!#$7$+$7$=$N%"%I%l%9$O%Z!<%86-3&$K(B
$B9g$C$F$$$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$(B($B$9$J$o$A(B <CODE>getpagesize()</CODE> $B$,JV$9Bg$-$5$O(B
$B%Z!<%8$NBg$-$5$NG\?t$K$J$C$F$$$F!"DL>o$O(B 4096 $B%P%$%H$G$"$k(B)$B!#$^$?!"0JA0(B
$B$=$N%"%I%l%9$r%a%b%j$K%^%C%W$7$?$b$N$OL58z$K$J$k!#(B
$B$D$^$j0JA0%^%C%W$7$F$$$?$b$N$N$+$o$j$K!"$=$N%"%I%l%9$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K(B
$B%7%9%F%`$K;X<($9$k$N$G$"$k!#$I$A$i$N>l9g$bJV$jCM$O%^%C%W$5$l$?%;%0%a%s%H(B
$B$N2>A[%"%I%l%9$X$N%]%$%s%?$G$"$k!#%3!<%I$O!"(B<CODE>shmptr =
shmat(shmid, 0, 0)</CODE> $B$H$J$k(B

$BCm0U$9$Y$-E@$O!"6&M-%a%b%j%;%0%a%s%H$KCV$/6&M-$9$k(B static $BJQ?t$O$9$Y$F(B
<CODE>$B9=B$BN(B</CODE>$B$N%a%s%P!<$K$7$F@k8@$9$k$3$H$G3NJ]$G$-$k!"$H$$$&$3$H$@!#(B
$B$=$7$F(B <EM>shmptr</EM> $B$r$=$N9=B$BN$N%]%$%s%?$K$9$k!#$3$N%F%/%K%C%/$r(B
$B;H$&$H!"(B<EM>x</EM> $B$O(B <EM>shmptr</EM><CODE>-&gt;</CODE><EM>x</EM> $B$H;2>H(B
$B$G$-$k(B
</LI>
<LI>$B$3$N6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H$r2rJ|$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$;~$O!"$3$N(B
$B%;%0%a%s%H$K%"%/%;%9$9$k:G8e$N%W%m%;%9$,=*N;$9$k$+%G%?%C%A$9$k>l9g$G$"$k!#(B
<CODE>shmctl()</CODE> $B$r8F$S=P$7$F!"=i4|>uBV$K@_Dj$9$kI,MW$,$"$k!#%3!<%I$O!"(B
<CODE>shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0)</CODE> $B$N$h$&$K$J$k(B
</LI>
<LI>Linux $BI8=`$N(B <CODE>fork()</CODE> $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$r;H$C$F!"I,MW$J%W%m%;%9(B
$B$rN)$A>e$2$k!D!#$=$l$>$l$N%W%m%;%9$O6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H$r7Q>5$9$k(B
</LI>
<LI>$B%W%m%;%9$,6&M-%a%b%j$N%;%0%a%s%H$r;H$$=*$C$?$i!"6&M-%a%b%j$N(B
$B%;%0%a%s%H$rI,$:%G%?%C%A$9$k!#$3$l$O(B <CODE>shmdt(shmptr)</CODE> $B$H$9$l$PNI$$(B</LI>
</OL>
<P>
<P>$B$3$N$h$&$K$$$/$D$+$N%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$,@_Dj$N:]$KI,MW$H$J$j$^$9$,!"0lEY(B
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$B$rMxMQ$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
#include &lt;stdio.h>
#include &lt;stdlib.h>
#include &lt;unistd.h>
#include &lt;sys/types.h>
#include &lt;sys/stat.h>
#include &lt;fcntl.h>
#include &lt;sys/ipc.h>
#include &lt;sys/shm.h>

volatile struct shared { double pi; int lock; } *shared;

inline extern int xchg(register int reg,
volatile int * volatile obj)
{
  /* Atomic exchange instruction */
__asm__ __volatile__ ("xchgl %1,%0"
                      :"=r" (reg), "=m" (*obj)
                      :"r" (reg), "m" (*obj));
  return(reg);
}

main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  register double width, localsum;
  register int intervals, i;
  register int shmid;
  register int iproc = 0;;

  /* Allocate System V shared memory */
  shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,
                 sizeof(struct shared),
                 (IPC_CREAT | 0600));
  shared = ((volatile struct shared *) shmat(shmid, 0, 0));
  shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0);

  /* Initialize... */
  shared->pi = 0.0;
  shared->lock = 0;

  /* Fork a child */
  if (!fork()) ++iproc;

  /* get the number of intervals */
  intervals = atoi(argv[1]);
  width = 1.0 / intervals;

  /* do the local computations */
  localsum = 0;
  for (i=iproc; i&lt;intervals; i+=2) {
    register double x = (i + 0.5) * width;
    localsum += 4.0 / (1.0 + x * x);
  }
  localsum *= width;

  /* Atomic spin lock, add, unlock... */
  while (xchg((iproc + 1), &amp;(shared->lock))) ;      
  shared->pi += localsum;
  shared->lock = 0;

  /* Terminate child (barrier sync) */
  if (iproc == 0) {
    wait(NULL);
    printf("Estimation of pi is %f\n", shared->pi);
  }

  /* Check out */
  return(0);
}
</PRE>
<HR>
<P>$B$3$NNc$G$O!"(BIA32 $B$N%"%H%_%C%/$J8r49(B(exchange)$BL?Na$r;H$C$F%m%C%/$r<B8=(B
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<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.6">2.6 $B%a%b%j%^%C%W!&%7%9%F%`%3!<%k(B</A>
</H2>

<P>
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<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
shmptr =
    mmap(0,                        /* system assigns address */
         b,                        /* size of shared memory segment */
         (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE), /* access rights, can be rwx */
         (MAP_ANON | MAP_SHARED),  /* anonymous, shared */
         0,                        /* file descriptor (not used) */
         0);                       /* file offset (not used) */
</PRE>
<HR>
<P><CODE>munmap()</CODE> $B$O(B System V $B$N6&M-%a%b%j$N(B <CODE>shmdt()</CODE> $B%7%9%F%`(B
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<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
munmap(shmptr, b);
</PRE>
<HR>
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<P>
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