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howto-html-ja-9.1-0.5mdk.noarch.rpm

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>The Linux Tips HOWTO</TH
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><H1
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><A
NAME="DETAILD"
>3. $B>\$7$$(B Tips</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN236"
>3.1. Linux $B$H(B Windows $B$G%9%o%C%W%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$r6&M-$9$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BTony Acero 
&#60;ace3@midway.uchicago.edu&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>$B$^$:!"BP>]$H$J$k%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$r(B DOS $B%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$H$7$F%U%)!<%^%C%H$7$F!"(B
$B$=$N%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s>e$K(B Windows $B%9%o%C%W%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$7$^$9!#$7$+$7!"$^$@(B 
Windows $B$O5/F0$7$J$$$G$/$@$5$$(B($B$"$H$G05=L$,$h$/8z$/$h$&$K!"$3$N;~E@$G$O(B
$B%9%o%C%W%U%!%$%k$r6u$K$7$F$*$$$F$/$@$5$$(B)$B!#(B</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Linux $B$r5/F0$7$F!">e5-%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$r%U%!%$%k$H$7$FJ]B8$7$^$9!#$?$H$($P!"(B
$B%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$,(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/hda8</TT
> $B$G$"$k$H$9$k$H!"0J2<$N(B
$B$h$&$K$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  dd if=/dev/hda8 of=/etc/dosswap</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
>DOS $B%9%o%C%W%U%!%$%k$r05=L$7$^$9!#$[$\$9$Y$F(B 0 $B$,JB$s$G$$$k$N$G!"05=L$OHs>o$K(B
$B$h$/8z$-$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  gzip -9 /etc/dosswap</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/rc</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$K<!$N$h$&$J9T$r2C$($F!"(BLinux $B>e$K(B
$B%9%o%C%W%9%Z!<%9$r=`Hw$7!"%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>$BCm0U(B: </B
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>XXXXX</TT
> $B$NItJ,$K$O!"%9%o%C%W%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$N%V%m%C%/?t$,(B
$BF~$j$^$9!#(B</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  mkswap /dev/hda8 XXXXX
  swapon -av   </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/fstab</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$K$3$N%9%o%C%W%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$N(B
$B%(%s%H%j$r2C$($k$N$rK:$l$J$$$G$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>$B$*;H$$$N(B init $B$*$h$S(B reboot $B%Q%C%1!<%8$,(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/brc</TT
> $B$+(B 
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/sbin/brc</TT
> $B$r%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$k>l9g!"<!$N9T$r(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/brc</TT
> $B$KIU$12C$($F$/$@$5$$!#%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$J$$;~$O!"(BDOS $B$b$7$/$O(B 
OS/2 $B$r%V!<%H$9$k>l9g$G%9%o%C%W%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$r(B DOS/Windows $B%P!<%8%g%s$K(B
$BLa$7$?$$>l9g$K!"2<5-$r<jF0$GF~NO$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  swapoff -av
  zcat /etc/dosswap.gz | dd of=/dev/hda8 bs=1k count=100</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>$BCm0U(B: </B
>$B>e5-$O!":G=i$N(B 100 $B%V%m%C%/$r%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s>e$K=q$-La$9$@$1$G$9!#(B
$B$o$?$7$O!"7P83>e$3$l$G=<J,$@$H;W$C$F$$$^$9!#(B</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></P
></LI
></OL
></P
><P
>&#62;&#62; $B$3$NJ}K!$ND9=j$HC;=j(B</P
><P
>$BD9=j!'$+$J$j$N%G%#%9%/%9%Z!<%9$r@aLs$G$-$k$3$H!#(B</P
><P
>$BC;=j!'%9%F%C%W(B 5 $B$r<+F02=$G$-$J$$>l9g!"Kh2s<jF0$GF~NO$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$N$G!"(B
$B%j%V!<%H$,(B 1 $B%J%NICCY$l$F$7$^$&$3$H!#(B:-)</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN277"
>3.2. $B:o=|$7$F$7$^$C$?%U%!%$%k$r$J$s$H$+I|3h$5$;$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BMichael Hamilton 
&#60;michael@actrix.gen.nz&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>$B$3$3$G$O!"$o$?$7$,$3$l$^$G2?EY$+;H$C$?%H%j%C%/$r>R2p$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B:o=|$7$F$7$^$C$?%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$r$J$s$H$+$7$FI|3h$5$;$kJ}K!!#(B</P
><P
>$B%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k!"$?$H$($P%a!<%k$d?<Lk$N%W%m%0%i%_%s%0:n6H$N@.2L$H$$$C$?(B
$B$b$N$r8m$C$F:o=|$7$F$7$^$C$?$H$7$F$b!"D|$a$F$7$^$&$N$OAa7W$G$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%k$,0lC6%G%#%9%/$K=q$-9~$^$l$F$$$?>l9g!"$9$J$o$A!"$@$$$?$$(B 30 $BIC0J>e(B
$B$=$3$K$"$C$?>l9g$O!"$=$NFbMF$O$^$@%G%#%9%/%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$K;D$C$F$$$k$+$b(B
$B$7$l$^$;$s!#(B</P
><P
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>grep</B
> $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!"@8$N%G%#%9%/%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s(B
(raw disk partition)$B$r8!:w$7!"%U%!%$%k$NCf?H$rC5$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$?$H$($P!":G6a$o$?$7$O8m$C$F$"$k%a!<%k$r:o=|$7$F$7$^$$$^$7$?!#$=$N:]!"$^$:(B
$B$o$?$7$O%a!<%k$,B8:_$7$F$$$?%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$NFbMF$rJQ99$7$F$7$^$&$h$&$J:n6H$r(B
$B$9$Y$F5^n1<h$j$d$a$^$7$?!#$3$N;~$O!"%U%!%$%k$rJ]B8$7$?$j!"%W%m%0%i%`$r(B
$B%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?$j$7$J$$$h$&$K$7$^$7$?!#$=$l0J30$K$b!"<B:]$K%7%9%F%`$r%7%s%0%k(B
$B%f!<%6%b!<%I$KMn$H$7$F!"$=$N%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$r(B umount $B$7$?$3$H$b$"$j$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
>$B<!$K!"$o$?$7$O!"BP>]$H$J$k%G%#%9%/%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$K(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>egrep</B
> 
$B%3%^%s%I$r$+$1$^$7$?!#$=$N:]!":o=|$7$F$7$^$C$?%a!<%k$O(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/home/michael/</TT
> $B$KCV$+$l$F$$$?$N$G!"(B
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>df</B
> $B%3%^%s%I$N=PNO$+$i!"$=$l$,(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/hdb5</TT
>
 $B$K$"$k$3$H$,J,$+$j$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  sputnik3:~ % df
    Filesystem         1024-blocks  Used Available Capacity Mounted on
    /dev/hda3              18621    9759     7901     55%   /
    /dev/hdb3             308852  258443    34458     88%   /usr
    /dev/hdb5             466896  407062    35720     92%   /usr/local

  sputnik3:~ % su
  Password:
  [michael@sputnik3 michael]# egrep -50 'ftp.+COL' /dev/hdb5 &#62; /tmp/x
 </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$o$?$7$O!"%G%#%9%/%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$r$$$8$k:]$O6KC<$K?5=E$K$J$k$N$G!"$3$3$G$b(B
$B%j%?!<%s%-!<$r2!$9A0$K!"0lC64V$r$*$$$F!"%3%^%s%I$N9=J8$,@53N$+$I$&$+3NG'$7$^(B
$B$7$?!#$3$N>l9g!"%a!<%k$K$O(B "ftp" $B$H$$$&C18l$,4^$^$l$F$$$F!"$=$N8e$K(B "COL" 
$B$H$$$&C18l$G;O$^$kJ8>O$,B3$$$F$$$^$7$?!#%a!<%k$N%a%C%;!<%8$O(B 20 $B9T$/$i$$$@$C$?(B
$B$N$G!"(B<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-50</TT
> $B$r;H$C$F3:Ev$9$kJ8>O$NA08e$9$Y$F$N%F%-%9%H$r(B
$B<hF@$9$k$h$&$K$7$^$7$?!#0JA0$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-3000</TT
> $B$r;H$C$F!"%=!<%9%3!<%I(B
$B$N$9$Y$F$N9T$r<hF@$G$-$k$h$&$K$7$?$3$H$b$"$j$9!#$^$?!"$3$3$G$O!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>egrep</B
> $B$N=PNO$rJL$N%G%#%9%/%Q!<%F%#%7%g%s$K%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"C5$7$F$$$k%a!<%k$,!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>egrep</B
> $B$N=PNO$G>e=q$-$5$l$F(B
$B$7$^$&$3$H$rKI;_$9$k$?$a$G$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$D$E$$$F!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>strings</B
> $B$r;H$C$F!"<hF@$7$?=PNO$r8!::$7$F(B
$B$_$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  strings /tmp/x | less</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B;W$C$?DL$j!"%a!<%k$O$=$NCf$KF~$C$F$$$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$NJ}K!$O!"%G%#%9%/%9%Z!<%9$NA4It$^$?$O0lIt$,$9$G$K>e=q$-$5$l$F$$$k$h$&$J(B
$B>l9g$K$O!"@.8y$7$J$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$N%H%j%C%/$,M-8z$J$N$O!"$*$=$i$/0l?M$G%7%9%F%`$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g$@$1$+$b$7$l(B
$B$^$;$s!#J#?t$N%f!<%6$,$$$F!"%G%#%9%/$,IQHK$K=q$-49$($i$l$k>l9g$@$H!":o=|(B
$B$7$?%U%!%$%k$,CV$+$l$F$$$?6u4V$O$9$G$K>e=q$-$5$l$F$7$^$C$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
$B$=$l$K!"$?$$$F$N%f!<%6$O!"%U%!%$%k$rI|5l$9$kI,MW$,$"$k$H$-$G$b!"%^%7%s$r>!<j$K(B
$BFH$j@j$a$9$k$h$&$J$3$H$O$G$-$^$;$s!#(B</P
><P
>$B$o$?$7$N<+Bp$N%7%9%F%`$G$O!"2a5n?tG/$G(B 3 $BEY$[$I!"?tF|J,$N@.2L$r4V0c$C$F<N$F$F(B
$B$7$^$C$?:]$K!"$3$N%H%j%C%/$,LrN)$A$^$7$?!#$3$&$7$?:n6H$rDL$8$F<+J,$G$b$?$$$X$s(B
$B?JJb$7$?$H;W$C$F$$$kE@$O!"%U%m%C%T!<$K:n6H$N%P%C%/%"%C%W$r<h$C$F$*$/$h$&$K(B
$B$J$C$?$3$H$G$9!#$*$+$2$G!"$3$N%H%j%C%/$r;H$&5!2q$O?oJ,8:$j$^$7$?!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN305"
>3.3. immutable($BITJQ(B)$B%U%i%0$N;H$$J}(B $B!A(BJim Dennis &#60;jadestar@rahul.net&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>Immutable $B%U%i%0$r;H$*$&!#(B</P
><P
>$B%7%9%F%`$N%$%s%9%H!<%k$H@_Dj$,:Q$s$@$i!"$9$0$K(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
>$B!"(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/sbin</TT
>$B!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/bin</TT
>$B!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/sbin</TT
>$B!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/lib</TT
> ($B$=$NB>!"$*$h$=(B
$BI,MW$=$&$J>l=j(B) $B$K$$$C$F!"$I$s$I$s(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chattr +i</B
> $B%3%^%s%I$r<B9T(B
$B$7$^$9!#$=$7$F!"(Broot $B$K$J$C$F!"%+!<%M%k%U%!%$%k$K$b$=$N%3%^%s%I$r<B9T(B
$B$7$F$/$@$5$$!#<!$K!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mkdir /etc/.dist/</B
> $B$r<B9T$7$F!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc</TT
> $B0J2<$K$"$kA4%U%!%$%k$r$=$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%3%T!<$7$^$9(B
($B$o$?$7$O!"0lC6(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tmp/etcdist.tar</TT
> $B$r:n$k$3$H$G!"%3%T!<$,(B
$B%k!<%W$9$k$N$rKI$$$G$$$^$9!#(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/.dist.tar.gz</TT
> $B$r(B
$B:n$k$H$$$&$N$G$b$$$$$G$7$g$&(B)$B!#$=$7$F!"$=$l$i$N%U%!%$%k$b(B immutable $B$K$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$N$h$&$K$7$F$*$/$H!"(Broot $B$G%m%0%$%s$7$?:]$G$b5/$3$j$&$k%@%a!<%8$r:G>.8B$K(B
$B?)$$;_$a$i$l$^$9!#%j%@%$%l%/%7%g%sA`:n$r8m$C$F%U%!%$%k$r>e=q$-$9$k$3$H$,(B
$B$J$/$J$j$^$9$7!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>rm -fr</B
> $B%3%^%s%I$G4V0c$C$F%9%Z!<%9$r(B
$BF~$l$F$7$^$$%7%9%F%`$rIT0BDj$K$7$F$7$^$&$3$H$b$J$/$J$j$^$9(B($B$=$N>l9g$G$b!"(B
$B%G!<%?$K$O$+$J$j$N%@%a!<%8$,5Z$V$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$,!"%i%$%V%i%j$H%P%$%J%j$N(B
$B0BA4@-$O8~>e$7$^$9(B)$B!#(B</P
><P
>$B$^$?!"$3$N:n6H$K$h$j%;%-%e%j%F%#A4HL$,6/2=$5$l!"%5!<%S%9$rDd;_$5$;$k$h$&$J(B
$B967b$,IT2DG=$b$7$/$O$h$j:$Fq$K$J$j$^$9(B($B$=$&$7$?967b$NB?$/$O!"(BSUID $B$5$l$?(B
$B%W%m%0%i%`$N5sF0$r0-MQ$7$F%U%!%$%k$r>e=q$-$9$kJ}K!$r$H$C$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
$B$=$&$7$?(B SUID $B$5$l$?%W%m%0%i%`$OK\Mh>!<j$J%7%'%k%3%^%s%I$N<B9T$r5v$9$b$N(B
$B$G$O$J$$$+$i$G$9(B)$B!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$N:n6H$K$h$kM#0l$NC;=j$O!"MM!9$J%7%9%F%`%3%^%s%I$r%S%k%I$7$F!"(B
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make install</B
> $B$9$k:]$KITJX$,@8$8$k$H$$$&E@$G$9!#(B
$B$D$^$j!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make install</B
> $B$9$k>l9g$G$b!"%U%!%$%k$r>e=q$-(B
$B$G$-$J$/$J$C$F$7$^$$$^$9!#$"$i$+$8$a(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>Makefile</TT
> $B$rFI$s$G!"(B
$B>e=q$-$5$l$k$3$H$K$J$k%U%!%$%k(B($B$*$h$S%U%!%$%k$,%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$k%G%#%l%/%H%j(B)
$B$KBP$7$F(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chattr -i</B
> $B$r<B9T$9$k$N$rK:$l$k$H!"(Bmake $B$,<:GT(B
$B$7$F$7$^$$$^$9!#$=$&$7$?>l9g$O!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chattr</B
> $B$r<B9T$7!"(B
$B:FEY(B make $B$7$F$/$@$5$$!#$^$?!"$=$N5!2q$rMxMQ$7$F!"8E$$%P%$%J%j$d%i%$%V%i%j(B
$B$J$I$r(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.old/</TT
> $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K0\F0$5$;$?$j!"%j%M!<%`$7$?$j!"(B
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tar</B
> $B$G$^$H$a$F$*$$$?$j$9$k$H$$$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN330"
>3.4. $B?7$7$$%b%N$rF~$l$k>l=j$K$D$$$F$NDs8@(B $B!A(BJim Dennis &#60;jadestr@rahul.net&#62;</A
></H2
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></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN353"
>3.5. $B%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%kL>$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$9$k(B $B!A(BJustin Dossey 
&#60;dossey@ou.edu&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>Linux Gazette $B$N(B issue 12 $B$K7G:\$5$l$F$$$k(B 2c tips ($BLuCm!'86J8$O!"(B
<A
HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue12/lg_tips12.html#lowerit"
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>$B$G$9!#$J$*!"$3$N(B Tips $B$O!"(B<A
HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue13/lg_tips13.html#notes"
TARGET="_top"
>Linux Gazette 
issue 13</A
> $B$K7G:\$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B;38}$5$s!">pJsDs6!$"$j$,$H$&$4$6$$$^$7$?!#(B)
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><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  #!/bin/sh
         # lowerit
	 # $B%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$NA4%U%!%$%kL>$r>.J8;z$KJQ49$9$k%9%/%j%W%H(B
	 # $BDL>o%U%!%$%k$@$1$rBP>]$H$9$k(B --$B%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$OJQ99$7$J$$(B
	 # $B4{B8$N%U%!%$%k$r>e=q$-$9$kA0$K!"3NG'$r5a$a$k(B
	 for x in `ls`
	   do
	   if [ ! -f $x ]; then
	     continue
	     fi
	   lc=`echo $x  | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
	   if [ $lc != $x ]; then
	     mv -i $x $lc
	   fi
	   done</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$s!A!"D9$9$.$^$9!#$o$?$7$J$i!"$3$&$$$&$U$&$K$O=q$-$^$;$s!#$`$7$m!"(B
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><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  for i in * ; do [ -f $i ] &#38;&#38; mv -i $i `echo $i | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`;
  done;</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$3$l$J$i!"%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$G=PMh$^$9!#(B</P
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>$B<!$N(B tips $B$O!"%f!<%6$NDI2C$H:o=|$K$D$$$F$G$9!#(BGeoff $B$O>e<j$/$d$C$F$$$^$9(B
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$B%W%m%;%9$rAv$i$;$F$$$k$N$G$7$g$&$+!)(B IRC $B%m%\%C%H$G$7$g$&$+!)(B $B$=$&$7$?(B
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><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  kill -9 `ps -aux |grep ^&#60;username&#62; |tr -s " " |cut -d " " -f2`</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$?$H$($P!"%f!<%6L>$,(B foo $B$J$i!"0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
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><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  kill -9 `ps -aux |grep ^foo |tr -s " " |cut -d " " -f2`</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
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>$B$3$l$G=<J,$G$9!#K:$l$F$?(B root $B%Q%9%o!<%I$,I,MW$K$J$j$^$9$,!#(B</P
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>Linux Gazette $B$G>R2p$5$l$F$k2r7hK!$O:G$bHFMQ@-$,$"$j$^$9$,!"0lHV4JC1$JJ}K!$H(B
$B$$$&$o$1$8$c$"$j$^$;$s!#(BLILO $B$d(B loadlin $B$r;H$C$F$$$k$J$i!"%V!<%H%Q%i%a%?$H$7$F(B 
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$B$G%G%U%)%k%H%7%'%k$rD>@\5/F0$G$-$^$9!#$=$N>uBV$G%Q%9%o!<%I$rJQ99$9$k$+:o=|$7$?(B
$B>e$G!"(B"<TT
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>" $B$rF~NO$7!"%^%k%A%f!<%6%b!<%I$K(B
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$B$H(B 2 $B2sI,MW$G$9!#(B</P
><P
>Justin Dossey</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN376"
>3.6. Sendmail $B$r%"%C%W%0%l!<%I$9$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BPaul Anderson &#60;paul@geeky1.ebtech.net
&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>$B$3$3$G$O!"2?$b=$@5$5$l$F$$$J$$%*%j%8%J%k$N%=!<%9$r;H$$$^$9!#$^$:!"(Bsendmail $B$N(B
$B%=!<%9%3!<%I$rF~<j$7$^$9!#$o$?$7$O!"(Bversion 8.9.0 $B$r<h$C$F$-$^$7$?!#$3$l$O!"(B
$B$*5$$E$-$+$H;W$$$^$9$,!"0BDjHG$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#<hF@@h$O!"(B
<A
HREF="ftp://ftp.sendmail.org:/pub/sendmail/sendmail.8.9.0.tar.gz"
TARGET="_top"
>ftp.sendmail.org:/pub/sendmail/sendmail.8.9.0.tar.gz</A
> $B$G$7$?!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$l$O(B 1 $B%a%,A08e$"$j!"8=:_$o$?$7$O(B 8.7.6 $B$r;H$C$F$$$k$3$H$r9MN8$9$k$H!"(B
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>$B%=!<%9$rMn$H$7$?$i!"2rE`$7$^$9!#2rE`$9$k$H!"%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B <TT
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>sendmail-8.9.0</TT
> $B$H$$$&%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$,:n@.$5$l$^$9!#$=$N(B
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>README</TT
> $B$H(B <TT
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>README_NOTES</TT
> $B$rFI$_$^$7$g$&(B($B$=$7$F!"3+H/<T$?$A$,C#@.$7$?99?77k2L$K(B
$B6CX3$7$^$7$g$&(B)$B!#<!$K!"(B<TT
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>src</TT
> $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K0\F0$7$^$9!#(B
$B:n6H$N$[$H$s$I$O!"$3$3$G9T$$$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>$B4JC1$JCm0U(B: </B
>sendmail $B$O!"%3%s%Q%/%H$G%Q%o%U%k$JHs>o$KNI$/$G$-$?%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#(B
sendmail $B$N%P%$%J%j$O!"(B5x86 133MHx $B$N(B CPU $B$H(B 32M $B%P%$%H(B RAM $B$N$o$?$7$N(B
$B4D6-$G$b(B 5 $BJ,0J2<$G%3%s%Q%$%k$G$-$^$7$?!#(B($B@_Dj$r=|$$$?(B)$B%3%s%Q%$%k$H(B
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></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></P
><P
>$B$o$?$7$OIaCJ<+J,$N%7%9%F%`>e$G(B BIND $B$rF0$+$7$F$$$J$$$N$G!"<!$N9T$O!"(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  # ifndef NAMED_BIND
  #  define NAMED_BIND    1       /* use Berkeley Internet Domain Server */
  # endif</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>1</TT
> $B$r(B <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>0</TT
> $B$KJQ99$7!"0J2<$N$h$&$K$7$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  # ifndef NAMED_BIND
  #  define NAMED_BIND    0       /* use Berkeley Internet Domain Server */
  # endif</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>Debian 1.3.1 $B$N>l9g!"%G%U%)%k%H$G(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>db.h</TT
> $B$O!"(Bsendmail 
$B$GI,MW$H$5$l$k(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/include</TT
> $B$G$O$J$/!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/include/db</TT
> $B$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$^$9!#$=$l$f$(!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>src</TT
>$B!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>mailstats</TT
>$B!"(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>makemap</TT
>$B!"(B 
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>praliases</TT
>$B!"(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>rmail</TT
>$B!"(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>smrsh</TT
> $B$N$=$l$>$l$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K0\F0$7$F!"<!$N%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7$F(B
$B$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> ./Build -I/usr/include/db</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B0J>e$,:Q$s$@$i!"(B<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>cd ..</B
></TT
> $B$r<B9T$7!"(B<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>make 
install</B
></TT
> $B$HBG$C$F$/$@$5$$!#$3$l$G(B sendmail version 8.9.0 $B$,(B
$B%$%s%9%H!<%k$5$l$^$9!*(B $B$b$A$m$s$3$l$O!"<+J,MQ$N@_Dj%U%!%$%k$r4{$K$b$C$F$$$k(B
$B>l9g$G$9!#$o$?$7$O(B majordomo $B$r;H$C$?%U%j!<%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$r%[%9%H$7$F$$$k(B
$B$N$G!"$9$Y$F$r%9%`!<%9$K2TF/$5$;$k$?$a$K!"<!$N9T$r(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/sendmail.cf</TT
> $B$KIU$12C$($kI,MW$,$"$j$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
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><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  O DontBlameSendmail=forwardfileinunsafedirpath, forwardfileinunsafedirpathsafe</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>sendmail 8.9.0 $B$O!"%G%#%l%/%H%jG[CV$d%U%!%$%k%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$N@_Dj$r:G6a:Y$+$/(B
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$B%U%!%$%k!"$b$7$/$O%0%k!<%W$G$N=q$-9~$_8"8B$d<+M3$J=q$-9~$_8"8B$,IU$1$i$l$?(B 
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.forward</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F(B sendmail $B$+$iJ86g$,=P$k$+$b(B
$B$7$l$^$;$s!#$3$&$7$?:Y$+$J%A%'%C%/5!G=$rDd;_$5$;$k$3$H$O$h$$9M$($G$O$"$j$^(B
$B$;$s$,!"$o$?$7$O%7%s%0%k%f!<%6$G%3%s%=!<%k$r;H$C$F:n6H$9$k$@$1$J$N$G!"(B
$B%A%'%C%/5!G=Dd;_$,>.$5$J%;%-%e%j%F%#%[!<%k$H$J$C$?$H$7$F$bBg>fIW$@$m$&$H(B
$B;W$C$F$$$^$9!#$=$N$"$?$j$O!"$4<+J,$N4D6-$K$"$o$;$FH=CG$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(BYMMV</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN418"
>3.7. $B?7?M%7%9%F%`4IM}<T$N$?$a$N(B tips $B!A(BJim Dennis &#60;jadestar@rahul.net&#62;</A
></H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/README.'hostname'</TT
> $B$+(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/README.'hostname'</TT
> $B$N$I$A$i$+0lJ}$b$7$/$ON>J}$r:n$C$F!"$=$l$r4IM}$9$k$3$H(B [
$B$"$k$$$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/etc/README.'hostname'</TT
> $B$G$b$$$$$G(B
$B$7$g$&(B $B!A4IM}?M(B]</P
><P
>$B%7%9%F%`4IM}$r;O$a$?$=$NF|$+$i!"I,$:%*%s%i%$%s$N%m%0%U%!%$%k$K5-O?$r(B
$BIU$1$k$h$&$K$7$^$7$g$&!#(Broot $B$N(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bash_logout</TT
> $B$K(B 
"<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>vi /README.$(hostname)</B
>" $B$H$$$&(B
$B0l9T$rF~$l$F$*$/$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#$"$k$$$O!"<!$N$h$&$J(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>su</B
> 
$B$b$7$/$O(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>sudo</B
> $B%9%/%j%W%H$r=q$$$F$*$$$F$b$h$$$G$7$g$&!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  function exit \
          { unset exit; exit; \
            cat ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d) \
            &#62;&#62; /README.$(hostname) &#38;&#38; \
            vi /README.$(hostname)
            }
  script -a ~/tmp/session.$(date +%y%m%d)
  /bin/su.org -</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>($BF~NOMzNr$r5-O?$9$k%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%;%C%7%g%s%m%0$r<h$k$H$H$b$K!"4X?t$r(B
$B:n@.$7$F<+F0E*$K$=$N%m%0$KDI2C!&99?7$,$J$5$l$k$h$&$K$7$F$$$^$9(B)</P
><P
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$B5-O?$9$k=,47$r<i$C$F$-$^$7$?!#$?$@!"<+F02=$H$$$&$N$b%"%j$+$J$H;W$C$F$$$k(B
$B$@$1$G$9(B($B$4Mw$N$h$&$K!"%9%/%j%W%H$d%7%'%k4X?t$r:n$C$F$_$?$j$O$7$F$k$o$1(B
$B$G$9(B)$B!#>e5-%9%/%j%W%H$G5$$K$J$kE@$O!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>script</B
> $B%3%^%s%I(B
$B$,F~$C$F$$$k$H$3$m$G$9!#$3$N%3%^%s%I$N%=!<%9$r<h$C$F$-$F!"(B($B%3%^%s%IMzNr$N(B
$B5-O?$r0l;~Dd;_$7$?$jCf;_$7$?$j=PMh$k$h$&$J(B)$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%Q%i%a%?$rIU$12C$((B
$B$F$+$i!"$3$l$r;H$*$&$H9M$($F$$$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$o$?$7$N(B($B:#2s$N(B)$B:G8e$NDs0F$O!"(B</P
><P
>root $B%f!<%6$N%Q%9$O!"(B'<TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>PATH=bin</TT
>' $B$H$9$Y$-$G$"$k(B</P
><P
>$B$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#(Broot $B$N%Q%9$K$=$l0J30$rIU$12C$($k$Y$-$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
$B%k!<%H$N:n6H$G;H$&%3%^%s%I$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
> $B$+$i$N%7%s%\%j%C%/(B
$B%j%s%/$+%(%$%j%"%9!"$b$7$/$O%7%'%k4X?t$H$$$&$+$?$A$GDs6!$9$k$+!"$"$k$$$O!"(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
> $B$K$"$k%9%/%j%W%H$+%P%$%J%j$H$9$k$+!"@dBP%Q%9$r;XDj(B
$B$9$k$+$N$$$:$l$+$K$9$Y$-$G$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$3$&$7$F$*$1$P!"(Broot $B8"8B$G:n6H$r$9$k?M$O!"<+J,$,$I$l$[$I%P%$%J%j$rMj$j$K(B
$B$7$F$$$k$+(B($B$H$-$K$O!"DK$$$[$I(B)$BJ,$+$k$O$:$G$9!#%^%k%A%f!<%6$N%[%9%H$r4IM}$9$k(B
$B8-L@$J%7%9%F%`4IM}<T$J$i!"<+J,$N(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
> $B$d(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/.*history</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$rDj4|E*$KD4$Y$F!"$J$s$i$+$N%Q%?!<%s$dH4$17j$,(B
$B$J$$$+$I$&$+C5$9$h$&$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#(B</P
><P
>$BK\Ev$K%d%k5$$N$"$k%7%9%F%`4IM}<T$J$i!"<+F02=$G$-$k2U=j$rC5$7Ev$F!"(B
$B%7%9%F%`$NBEEv@-$r8!::$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$rI,MW$J>l=j$KCV$/$3$H$G!"(Broot $B8"8B$,(B
$BI,MW$J:n6H$r$$$A$$$A$7$J$$$G:Q$`$h$&$K$9$k$G$7$g$&(B
($B%9%/%j%W%H$K$h$C$F5!G=$r:Y$+$/D4@0$G$-$k!"%(%G%#%?$d(B MTA $B$=$NB>$NBPOCE*$J(B
$B5pBg%W%m%0%i%`$K$D$$$F$O!"F)2aE*$J%U%!%$%k$d%G!<%?%U%!%$%k$,MxMQ$5$l$k$3$H$K(B
$B$J$k$G$7$g$&!#$?$H$($P!"0-L>9b$$(B <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vi</SPAN
> $B$N(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>./.exrc</TT
> $B$d(B <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>emacs</SPAN
> $B$N(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>./.emacs</TT
>$B!"$5$i$KLLE]$J(B <TT
CLASS="ENVAR"
>$EXINIT</TT
> $B$*$h$SAH$_9~$_%X%C%@$d%U%C%?%^%/%m$H$$$C$?$b$N$G$9(B)$B!#(B
$BEvA3!"$=$&$7$?%3%^%s%I$O!"<!$N$h$&$K<B9T$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>  cp $data $some_users_home/tmp
  su -c $origcommand $whatever_switches
  cp $some_users_home/tmp $data</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>($B%*%W%7%g%s$d0z?t$O!"%3%^%s%I$K$h$C$F0[$J$j$^$9(B)</P
><P
>$B<+Bp$GMxMQ$9$k>l9g$d%f!<%6$,<+J,$@$1$H$$$&>l9g!"8eH>ItJ,$G$NDs0F$OBg$2$5$G$O(B
$B$"$j$^$9$,!"%^%k%A%f!<%6%7%9%F%`$N4IM}<T!"FC$K%$%s%?!<%M%C%H$K>o;~@\B3$5$l$F(B
$B$$$k(B($B%M%C%H4XO"4k6H$J$I$N(B)$B%7%9%F%`$N4IM}<T$N>l9g!"$3$l$i$OHs>o$KM-1W$J(B
$B%]%j%7!<$G$"$k$H;W$$$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN453"
>3.8. xdm $B$G(B X $B%5!<%P$N%[%9%HA*Br$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$9$k@_DjJ}K!(B $B!A(BArrigo Triulzi 
&#60;a.triulzi@ic.ac.uk&#62;</A
></H2
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>xdm $B$r5/F0$9$k%U%!%$%k(B($B$?$$$F$$!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/rc/rc.6</TT
> $B$+(B 
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/rc.local</TT
> $B$K$"$j$^$9(B)$B$r3+$$$F!"(Bxdm $B$N5/F0%;%/%7%g%s(B
$B$,<!$N$h$&$JFbMF$K$J$k$h$&JT=8$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="90%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> 
  /usr/bin/X11/xdm
  exec /usr/bin/X11/X -indirect hostname</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers</TT
> $B$r3+$$$F!"%m!<%+%k%^%7%s>e$N(B
X $B%5!<%P$r5/F0$5$;$k9T$r%3%a%s%H%"%&%H$7$^$9(B($B$9$J$o$A!"5/F0$7$J$$$h$&$K(B
$B$7$^$9(B)$B!#(B</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>$B%^%7%s$r%j%V!<%H$9$k$H!"%m!<%+%k%^%7%s>e$N(B X $B%5!<%P$b!"%j%b!<%H%^%7%s$N(B 
X $B%5!<%P$bN>J};H$($k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B</P
></LI
></OL
>&#13;</P
><P
>$B$3$l$r>R2p$9$k$N$O!"$o$?$7$,$J$s$H$+<+J,<+?H$N%5%V%M%C%H$r@_Dj$7$F8=:_$N(B
$B>uBV$K$b$C$F$/$k:]!"$9$Y$F$NLdBj$N2r7h$K(B 2 $B=54V$A$+$/$+$+$C$?$+$i$G$9!#(B</P
><P
>$BCm0U!'8E$$(B SLS (1.1.1) $B$r;H$&>l9g!"M}M3$O$h$/J,$+$j$^$;$s$,!"(Bxdm $B$N@_Dj9T$K(B 
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-nodaemon</TT
> $B$H$$$&5-=R$rF~$l$?$^$^$K$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"$3$l$O!"$=$l0J9_$N%P!<%8%g%s$K$OEv$F$O$^$j$^$;$s!#(B</P
></DIV
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