<HTML
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>The Linux Tips HOWTO</TH
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><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="SHORT"
>2. $BC;$$(B tips</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN27"
>2.1. $B$*<j7Z(B Syslog $B%H%j%C%/(B $B!A(BTips-HOWTO $B4IM}?M(B Paul Anderson</A
></H2
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/syslog.conf</TT
> $B$rJT=8$7$F!"<!$N9T$rF~$l$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> # Dump everything on tty8
*.* /dev/tty8</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$BCm0U;v9`!'(B<EM
>$BI,$:(B Tab $B$r;H$&$3$H!*(B</EM
> syslog $B$O%9%Z!<%9$r(B
$B7y$$$^$9(B.....</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN35"
>2.2. $B05=L$5$l$?(B HOWTO $BJ8=q$rI=<($9$k%9%/%j%W%H(B
$B!A(BDidier Juges, <dj@destin.nfds.net></A
></H2
><P
>$B=i?4<T$N$o$?$7$+$iF1$8$/=i?4<T$N$R$H8~$1$K!"(BHOWTO $BJ8=q$N8!:w$HI=<($,4JC1$K(B
$B$G$-$kC;$$%9%/%j%W%H$r>R2p$7$^$9!#$?$H$($P!"$o$?$7$N4D6-$@$H(B HOWTO $BJ8=q$O(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/doc/faq/howto/</TT
> $B$K05=L$5$l$FF~$C$F$$$^$9!#$3$3$G!"J8=q$N(B
$B%U%!%$%kL>$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>XXX-HOWTO.gz</TT
> $B$G$"$j!"(BXXX $B$NItJ,$O$=$NBjL>(B
$B$H$7$^$9!#$o$?$7$O!"<!$N$h$&$J(B "howto" $B$H$$$&%9%/%j%W%H$r:n@.$7$F!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/local/sbin</TT
> $B$KCV$-$^$7$?!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
ls /usr/doc/faq/howto | less
else
gunzip -c /usr/doc/faq/howto/$1-HOWTO.gz | less
fi</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B0z?t$J$7$G%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$9$k$H!"%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$K$"$k(B HOWTO $BA4It$rI=<($7$^$9!#(B
$B<!$K!"0z?t$H$7$F%U%!%$%kL>$N:G=i$NItJ,(B($B%O%$%U%s$h$j:8B&(B)$B$rF~NO$9$k$H!"(B
($B$b$H$NJ8=q<+BN$K$OJQ99$r2C$($:$K(B)$B$=$NJ8=q$r2rE`$7$F!"I=<($7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$?$H$($P!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>Serial-HOWTO.gz</TT
> $B$rI=<($9$k>l9g$O!"<!$N$h$&$K(B
$BF~NO$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> $ howto Serial</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN48"
>2.3. $B6u$-%9%Z!<%9$O=<J,$+!)!)!)(B $B!A(BHans Zoebelein <zocki@goldfish.cube.net></A
></H2
><P
>$B%^%&%s%H$5$l$F$$$k%G%P%$%9(B($B%G%#%9%/!"(BCD-ROM$B!"%U%m%C%T!<(B...)$B>e$K=<J,$J6u$-(B
$B%9%Z!<%9$,$"$k$+$I$&$+Dj4|E*$K%A%'%C%/$9$kC;$$%9%/%j%W%H!#(B</P
><P
>$B6u$-%9%Z!<%9$,L5$/$J$k$H!"(BX $BIC$4$H$K%a%C%;!<%8$,I=<($5$l!"K~GU$N%G%P%$%9$,(B
$B@8$8$k$?$S$K(B 1 $BDL$N%a!<%k$,FO$-$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
#
# $Id: Tips-HOWTO.sgml,v 1.4 2001/07/21 14:58:17 senda Exp $
#
#
# $B%G%#%9%/$,0l;~%U%!%$%k$GK~GU$K$J$k$H!"%3%s%Q%$%kCf$K4qL/$J%a%C%;!<%8$,(B
# $BI=<($5$l$k$h$&$K$J$C$?$N$G!"$3$l$r=q$$$F!"%G%#%9%/$,K~GU$K$J$kA0$K7Y9p(B
# $B$,I=<($5$l$k$h$&$K$7$?!#(B
#
# $B$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$G7/$N%5!<%P$,GzH/$rLH$l$?$J$i!"KM$K$*Ni$N%a!<%k$r(B
# $BAw$C$F$A$g$&$@$$(B zocki@goldfish.cube.net
# $B$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$G7/$N%5%$%H$,A4LG$7$?$J$i!"$*5$$NFG$G$9$,!"$*$$$7$$(B
# $BOC$O$=$&$J$$$b$N$G$9!#@UG$$OIi$($^$;$s!#(B
# sed $B$N07$$$K=,=O$5$l$F$$$kJ}!"$*$*$a$K8+$F$@$5$$!#(B:)
#
#
# $B<+F02=$9$kJ}K!!'(Brc.local $B$K(B 'check_hdspace &' $B$H5-=R$9$k$3$H!#(B
# $SLEEPTIME $BIC$4$H$K%G%#%9%/>e$N6u$-%9%Z!<%9$r%A%'%C%/$7$^$9!#(B
# $B%U%m%C%T!<$d%F!<%W%I%i%$%V$b%A%'%C%/$G$-$^$9!#(B:)
# $B6u$-%9%Z!<%9$,(B $MINFREE (kb) $B0J2<$K$J$k$H!"7Y9p%a%C%;!<%8$rI=<($7!"(B
# $BLdBj$N$"$k%G%P%$%9$4$H$K(B 1 $BDL$N%a!<%k$r(B $MAIL_TO_ME $B$KAw?.$7$^$9!#(B
# $B4p=`CM0J>e$N6u$-%9%Z!<%9$,3NJ]$5$l$k$H!":FEY%9%Z!<%9ITB-$K$J$C$?(B
# $B>l9g$KHw$($F!"%a!<%kAw?.5!G=$,=`Hw$5$l$^$9!#(B
#
# TODO: $B%G%P%$%9$4$H$K0[$J$k(B $MINFREE $B$r@_Dj$G$-$k$h$&$K$9$k$3$H!#(B
# $B6u$-%9%Z!<%9$,$J$/$J$C$?>l9g!"(B/*tmp $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%4%_%U%!%$%k$r(B
# $BA]=|$7$F!"6u$-%9%Z!<%9$r:n$k$h$&$K$9$k$3$H!#(B
DEVICES='/dev/sda2 /dev/sda8 /dev/sda9' # $B%G%P%$%9(B; $B%G%#%9%/$N@_Dj(B
MINFREE=20480 # kb; $B$3$l0J2<$G7Y9pI=<((B
SLEEPTIME=10 # $BIC(B; $B%A%'%C%/$N4V3V(B
MAIL_TO_ME='root@localhost' # $BC/$+(B; $B7Y9p%a!<%k$NAw?.@h(B
# ------- $B$3$l0J2<$NItJ,$O!"JQ99$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$;$s(B ($B4uK>(B) :) -------
MINMB=0
ISFREE=0
MAILED=""
let MINMB=$MINFREE/1024 # yep, we are strict :)
while [ 1 ]; do
DF="`/bin/df`"
for DEVICE in $DEVICES ; do
ISFREE=`echo $DF | sed s#.\*$DEVICE" "\*[0-9]\*""\*[0-9]\*" "\*## | sed s#" ".\*##`
if [ $ISFREE -le $MINFREE ] ; then
let ISMB=$ISFREE/1024
echo "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free." >&2
#echo "more stuff here" >&2
echo -e "\a\a\a\a"
if [ -z "`echo $MAILED | grep -w $DEVICE`" ] ; then
echo "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free. (Trigger is set to $MINMB mb)" \
| mail -s "WARNING: $DEVICE only $ISMB mb free!" $MAIL_TO_ME
MAILEDH="$MAILED $DEVICE"
MAILED=$MAILEDH
# put further action here like cleaning
# up */tmp dirs...
fi
elif [ -n "`echo $MAILED | grep -w $DEVICE`" ] ; then
# Remove mailed marker if enough disk space
# again. So we are ready for new mailing action.
MAILEDH="`echo $MAILED | sed s#$DEVICE##`"
MAILED=$MAILEDH
fi
done
sleep $SLEEPTIME
done</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN54"
>2.4. $B%m%0%U%!%$%kA]=|%f!<%F%#%j%F%#(B $B!A(BPaul Anderson, Tips-HOWTO $B4IM}<T(B</A
></H2
><P
>$B$o$?$7$HFI<T$,F1$84D6-$K$"$k$H$9$k$J$i!"FI<T$O(B 430 $B?M$NEPO?<T%j%9%H$H!"F|$K(B
100 $BDL0J>e$N%a%C%;!<%8$r(B UUCP $B>e$G<u$1<h$C$F$$$k$O$:$G$9!#$3$&$$$&>l9g!"(B
$B%O%C%+!<$J$i$I$&$d$C$F$3$N5pBg$J%m%0$r=hM}$9$k$s$G$7$g$&$+!)(B $B$=$&!"(B
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>chklogs</SPAN
> $B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$l$P$$$$$N$G$9!#(B
chklogs $B$O(B Emilio Grimaldo <grimaldo@panama.iadhv.nl> $B$,:n@.$7$?$b$N$G!"(B
$B:G?7%P!<%8%g%s$N(B 1.8 $B$O!"(B<A
HREF="ftp:iadhv.nl:/pub/users/grimaldo/chklog-1.8.tar.gz"
TARGET="_top"
>ftp.iaehv.nl:/pub/users/grimaldo/chklogs-1.8.tar.gz</A
> $B$+$iF~<j$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$J$K$h$j$b$^$:!"$3$l$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$^$7$g$&(B($B$b$A$m$s!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>doc</TT
> $B%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B info $B%U%!%$%k$b(B
$B%A%'%C%/$9$k$3$H(B)$B!#(B
$B%$%s%9%H!<%k$,40N;$7$?$i!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>crontab</TT
> $B$K<!$N9T$r=q$-9~$s$G(B
$B$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> # Run chklogs at 9:00PM daily.
00 21 * * * /usr/local/sbin/chklogs -m</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B:n6H$N$"$$$^$K!"$3$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$,$I$l$[$IAG@2$i$7$$$+:n<T$KEA$($k$N$r(B
$BK:$l$J$$$G$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN64"
>2.5. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>core</TT
> $B%U%!%$%kA]=|$N$*<j7Z%9%/%j%W%H(B $B!A(BOtto Hammersmith
<ohammers@cu-online.com></A
></H2
><P
>$B<!$N%9%/%j%W%H$r5-=R$7$?(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>rmcores</TT
> $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k(B (
$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$N:n<T$O!"$3$l$r(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>handle-cores</TT
> $B$H8F$s$G(B
$B$$$^$9(B) $B$r:n@.$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
USAGE="$0 <directory> <message-file>"
if [ $# != 2 ] ; then
echo $USAGE
exit
fi
echo Deleting...
find $1 -name core -atime 7 -print -type f -exec rm {} \;
echo e-mailing
for name in `find $1 -name core -exec ls -l {} \; | cut -c16-24`
do
echo $name
cat $2 | mail $name
done</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$=$7$F!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cron</B
> $B$N%8%g%V$H$7$F!"$3$l$rDj4|E*$K5/F0$7$F(B
$B$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN74"
>2.6. $B0[$J$k%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`4V$G$N%G%#%l%/%H%j0\F0(B $B!A(BAlan Cox
<A.Cox@swansea.ac.uk></A
></H2
><P
>$B$"$k%G%#%9%/$+$iB>$N%G%#%9%/$X!"%U%!%$%k%D%j!<$r4]$4$H$9$P$d$/0\F0$5$;$kJ}K!!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> (cd /source/directory && tar cf - . ) | (cd /dest/directory && tar xvfp -)</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="SGMLTAG"
>[</TT
>$B;v8N$G%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%@%a$K$7$F$7$^$o$J$$$h$&$K!"(B
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cd /source/directory; tar...</B
> $B$NItJ,$rJQ99$7$^$7$?!#(B
$B$3$l$r65$($F$/$l$?(B Jim Dennis <jim@starshine.org> $B!"$"$j$,$H$&!#!A4IM}?M(B
<TT
CLASS="SGMLTAG"
>]</TT
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN83"
>2.7. $B$I$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$,0lHVBg$-$$$+$rCN$k(B $B!A(BMick Ghazey <mick@lowdown></A
></H2
><P
>$B$*;H$$$N%3%s%T%e!<%?$G$I$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$,0lHVBg$-$$$+!)$C$F;W$C$?$3$H$O(B
$B$"$j$^$;$s$+!)(B $B<!$N%3%^%s%I$GH=$j$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> du -S | sort -n</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN88"
>2.8. Linux Gazette</A
></H2
><P
>Linux Gazette $B$NAO4)<T!"(BJohn Fisk $B$K1IM@$"$l!*(B $BAG@2$i$7$$%*%s%i%$%s%^%,%8%s$G(B
$B$"$k$P$+$j$G$J$/!"L5NA!*!*!*$J$N$G$9!#$3$l0J>e2?$r4|BT$7$^$9!)(B $B<!$N%5%$%H$r(B
$B%A%'%C%/$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.linuxgazette.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.linuxgazette.com</A
></P
><P
>$B8=:_!"(BLinux Gazette $B$O(B (1) $B7n4)$K$J$j!"(B(2) John Fisk $B$O4{$KJT=8$rB`$$$F!"(B
SSC $B$,0z$-7Q$$$G$$$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN94"
>2.9. GNU Make 3.70 $B$N(B VPATH $B$^$o$j$N?6$kIq$$$rJQ$($k%Q%C%A$N>l=j(B $B!A(BTed Sterm
<sterm@amath.washington.edu></A
></H2
><P
>$B$3$NLdBj$rJz$($F$$$k?M$,B?$$$+$I$&$+$OJ,$+$j$^$;$s$,!"(BGNU Make $B$N%P!<%8%g%s(B
3.70 $B$K$O$o$?$7$N5$$KF~$i$J$$!VFCD'!W$,$"$j$^$9!#(BVPATH $B$r@dBP%Q%9L>$GM?$($?(B
$B>l9g!"$*$+$7$JF0:n$r$9$k$N$G$9!#$3$l$KBP=h$9$k$-$o$a$F0BDj$7$?%Q%C%A$r(B Paul D.
Smith <psmith@wellfleet.com> $B$,Ds6!$7$F$$$^$9!#$^$?!"H`$O(B GNU Make $B$,99?7(B
$B$5$l$k$?$S$K!"%K%e!<%9%0%k!<%W(B gnu.utils.bug $B$K%I%-%e%a%s%H$H%Q%C%A$rEj9F(B
$B$7$F$$$^$9!#$o$?$7$O!"%"%/%;%9$9$k%7%9%F%`$N$[$\$9$Y$F$N(B gmake $B$K$3$N%Q%C%A$r(B
$BEv$F$F:F%3%s%Q%$%k$7$F$$$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN97"
>2.10. $B%j%V!<%H$N$?$S$K$$$A$$$A(B fsck $B$9$k$N$r$d$a$5$;$k$K$O!)(B $B!A(BDale Lutz
<dal@wimsey.com></A
></H2
><P
>Q$B!'%V!<%H$N$?$S$K(B e2fsck $B$,%G%#%9%/$r%A%'%C%/$7$^$9!#$d$a$5$;$k$K$O!)(B</P
><P
>$B%+!<%M%k$r:F9=C[$9$k$H!"$=$N%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$O(B "dirty" $B$H%^!<%/$5$l!"(B
$B$=$N7k2L!"%V!<%H$N$?$S$K%G%#%9%/$,%A%'%C%/$5$l$F$7$^$$$^$9!#$3$l$r(B
$B$d$a$5$;$k$K$O!"<!$N%3%^%s%I$r<B9T$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> rdev -R /zImage 1</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$3$N%3%^%s%I$G%+!<%M%k$,=$@5$5$l$k$N$G!"%U%!%$%k%7%9%F%`$O(B "dirty" $B$@$H(B
$BH=CG$5$l$k$3$H$,$J$/$J$j$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>$BCm0U(B: </B
>lilo $B$r;H$C$F$$$k>l9g!"(Blilo $B$N@_Dj%U%!%$%k(B ($BDL>o$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/lilo.conf</TT
>) $B$N(B linux $B@_Dj$NItJ,$K(B <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>read-only</TT
> $B$r2C$($F$/$@$5(B
$B$$!#(B</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN110"
>2.11. $B%j%V!<%H$N:]!"(B"device busy" $B$N$;$$$G(B fsck $B$5$l$k$N$rHr$1$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BJon Tombs
<jon@gtex02.us.es></A
></H2
><P
>$B%7%c%C%H%@%&%s;~$K(B "device busy" $B%(%i!<$,IQH/$9$k>l9g$O!"%j%V!<%H;~$K%U%!%$%k(B
$B%7%9%F%`$,(B fsck $B$5$l$^$9!#0J2<$K4JC1$J=$@5J}K!$r=R$Y$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt</TT
> $B$+(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/rc.d/rc.0</TT
> $B$K0\F0$7!"$=$7$F(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> mount -o remount,ro /mount.dir</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$N0l9T$r!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>umout -a</B
> $B$r8F$VA0$K!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/</TT
> $B$r=|$$$?!"%^%&%s%H$9$kM=Dj$N$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%k(B
$B%7%9%F%`$KBP$7$FIU$12C$($^$9!#$3$&$9$l$P!"2?$i$+$NM}M3$G(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>shutdown</B
> $B$,%W%m%;%9$N(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>kill</B
> $B$K<:GT$7$F%G%#%9%/$N(B
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>umount</B
> $B$,$G$-$J$+$C$?>l9g$G$b!"%j%V!<%H$N:]!"%G%#%9%/$O(B
"clean" $B$J$^$^$G$9!#%j%V!<%H;~4V$r$+$J$j@aLs$7$F$/$l$^$9!#(B </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN124"
>2.12. $B%O!<%I%G%#%9%/>e$N0lHVBg$-$J%U%!%$%k$r8+$D$1$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BSimon Amor
<simon@foobar.co.uk></A
></H2
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> ls -l | sort +4n</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$"$k$$$O!"%G%#%9%/%9%Z!<%9$,$^$5$KI/Gw$7$F$$$k>l9g$K$O!"$A$g$C$H;~4V$,(B
$B3]$+$j$^$9$,!"8z2L$F$-$a$s$N<!$N%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> cd /
ls -lR | sort +4n</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN131"
>2.13. $B%Q%s%A7j$r3+$1$k%^!<%8%s$r<h$C$F%W%j%s%H%"%&%H$9$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BMike Dickey
<mdickey@thorplus.lib.purdue.edu></A
></H2
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
# /usr/local/bin/print
# a simple formatted printout, to enable someone to
# 3-hole punch the output and put it in a binder
cat $1 | pr -t -o 5 -w 85 | lpr</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN135"
>2.14. $BFCDj$N@55,I=8=$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k%D%j!<$r8!:w$9$kJ}K!(B $B!A(BRaul Deluth Miller
<rockwell@nova.umd.edu></A
></H2
><P
>$B$o$?$7$O$3$N%9%/%j%W%H$r(B "forall" $B$H8F$s$G$$$^$9!#<!$N$h$&$K$7$F;H$C$F(B
$B$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> forall /usr/include grep -i ioctl
forall /usr/man grep ioctl</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B0J2<$O!"(B"forall" $B$NCf?H$G$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
if [ 1 = `expr 2 \> $#` ]
then
echo Usage: $0 dir cmd [optargs]
exit 1
fi
dir=$1
shift
find $dir -type f -print | xargs "$@"</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN143"
>2.15. $B%W%m%0%i%`$,>!<j$K:n$C$?%P%C%/%"%C%W%U%!%$%k$d%*!<%H%;!<%V%U%!%$%k$r(B
$BA]=|$9$k%9%/%j%W%H(B $B!A(BBarry Tolnas <tolnas@nestor.engr.utk.edu></A
></H2
><P
>$B0J2<$G>R2p$9$k$N$O!"(B<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>emacs</SPAN
> $B$N%*!<%H%;!<%V%U%!%$%k(B(
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>#</TT
>)$B!"%P%C%/%"%C%W%U%!%$%k(B(<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>~</TT
>)$B!"(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.o</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k!"(B<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>TeX</SPAN
> $B$N(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.log</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F!"%U%!%$%k3,AX$r:F5"E*$K2<9_$7$F(B
$B:o=|$9$k4JC1$J(B 2 $B9T%b%N$G$9!#(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.tex</TT
> $B$H(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>README</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$N05=L$b$7$^$9!#$o$?$7$O$3$l$r(B "sqeeze" $B$H8F$s$G$$$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> #!/bin/sh
#SQUEEZE removes unnecessary files and compresses .tex and README files
#By Barry tolnas, tolnas@sun1.engr.utk.edu
#
echo squeezing $PWD
find $PWD \( -name \*~ -or -name \*.o -or -name \*.log -or -name \*\#\) -exec
rm -f {} \;
find $PWD \( -name \*.tex -or -name \*README\* -or -name \*readme\* \) -exec gzip -9 {} \;</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN156"
>2.16. $B0lHV%a%b%j$r?)$C$F$$$k%W%m%;%9$rC5$9J}K!(B $B!A(BSimon Amor <simon@foobar.co.uk
></A
></H2
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> ps -aux | sort +4n</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$^$?$O!"(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> ps -aux | sort +5n</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN163"
>2.17. C $B%W%m%0%i%_%s%08~$1$K(B <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vi</SPAN
> $B$r$$$8$k(B $B!A(BPaul Anderson
Tips-HOWTO $B4IM}<T(B</A
></H2
><P
>$B$o$?$7$O!"2K$,$"$k$H(B C $B%W%m%0%i%`$r=q$$$F$^$9!#$=$N9g4V$K!"(B<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vi</SPAN
> $B$G(B C $B$r=q$-$d$9$/$9$k$?$a$N=$@5$r2C$($^$7$?!#0J2<$,$o$?$7$N(B
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.exrc</TT
> $B$G$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> set autoindent
set shiftwidth=4
set backspace=2
set ruler</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$3$l$,2?$r$7$F$$$k$+$H$$$&$H!"$^$:(B <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>autoindent</TT
> $B$O!":G=i$K0lEY(B
$B%$%s%G%s%H$rF~$l$k$H$=$l0J2<$N9T$G$b<+F0E*$K%$%s%G%s%H$rF~$l$k$b$N$G$9!#(B
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>shiftwidth</TT
> $B$O!"(B<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>^T</B
> $B$r%9%Z!<%9(B 4 $B$D(B
$BJ,$K@_Dj$9$k$b$N$G!"(B<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>backspace</TT
> $B$O!"(Bbackspace $B%b!<%I$K(B
$B@_Dj$9$k$b$N!"(B<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>ruler</TT
> $B$O!"9THV9f$rI=<($9$k$b$N$G$9!#(B
$BFCDj$N9THV9f$K0\F0$9$k>l9g!"$?$H$($P(B 20 $B9TL\$K9T$/$K$O!"<!$N%3%^%s%I$r(B
$B;H$$$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> vi +20 myfile.c</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN179"
>2.18. ctags $B$r;H$C$F!"%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$r$d$j$d$9$/$9$kJ}K!(B</A
></H2
><P
>$B$?$$$F$$$N%O%C%+!<$O!"%3%s%T%e!<%?>e$K(B ctags $B$rF~$l$F$$$^$9$,!";H$C$F$^$;$s!#(B
$B$G$b!"$3$l$OFCDj$N4X?t$rJT=8$9$k:]$K$H$F$bJXMx$G$9!#$?$H$($P!"$"$k4X?t$,$"$j!"(B
$B$=$l$,:n@.Cf$N%W%m%0%i%`MQ%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N$?$/$5$s$N%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$N$R$H$D$K(B
$BF~$C$F$$$F!"$A$g$&$I99?7$N$?$a$K$=$N4X?t$NJT=8$r$7$?$$$N$@$H$7$^$9!#$=$7$F!"(B
$B$3$N4X?t$NL>A0$O!"(B<TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>foo()</TT
> $B$@$H$7$F!"$3$l$r$I$N%=!<%9(B
$B%U%!%$%k$KF~$l$?$N$+K:$l$F$7$^$C$?$H$7$^$9!#(Bctags $B$,JXMx$J$N$O$=$&$$$&>l9g(B
$B$G$9!#(Bctags $B$r<B9T$9$k$H!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>tags</TT
> $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$,(B
$B%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K:n@.$5$l!"$=$N%U%!%$%k$K$9$Y$F$N4X?t$,I=<($5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$=$7$F!"$=$l$i$,$I$N%U%!%$%k$K$"$k$N$+!"$=$N%U%!%$%kFb$N$I$3$K$"$k$N$+$r(B
$B65$($F$/$l$^$9!#(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>tags</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$NCf?H$O<!$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> ActiveIconManager iconmgr.c /^void ActiveIconManager(active)$/
AddDefaultBindings add_window.c /^AddDefaultBindings ()$/
AddEndResize resize.c /^AddEndResize(tmp_win)$/
AddFuncButton menus.c /^Bool AddFuncButton (num, cont, mods, func, menu, item)$/
AddFuncKey menus.c /^Bool AddFuncKey (name, cont, mods, func, menu, win_name, action)$/
AddIconManager iconmgr.c /^WList *AddIconManager(tmp_win)$/
AddIconRegion icons.c /^AddIconRegion(geom, grav1, grav2, stepx, stepy)$/
AddStartResize resize.c /^AddStartResize(tmp_win, x, y, w, h)$/
AddToClientsList workmgr.c /^void AddToClientsList (workspace, client)$/
AddToList list.c /^AddToList(list_head, name, ptr)$/</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>vim</SPAN
> $B$G!"$?$H$($P(B <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>AddEndResize()</TT
> $B$rJT=8$9$k>l9g$O!"<!$N$h$&$K$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> vim -t AddEndResize</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B$3$l$K$h$C$F!"%(%G%#%?$KE,@Z$J%U%!%$%k$,FI$_9~$^$l!"%+!<%=%k0LCV$,;XDj$7$?(B
$B4X?t$N:G=i$K$-$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN193"
>2.19. Red Hat $B$G(B sendmail $B$,5/F0;~$K(B 5 $BJ,4V%O%s%0$9$kM}M3(B $B!A(BPaul Anderson
<paul@geeky1.ebtech.net></A
></H2
><P
>$B$3$l$O!"(BFAQ $B$NBP>]$K$J$k$/$i$$9-$/CN$i$l$?LdBj$G$9!#(BRed Hat $B$N%G%#%9%H%j(B
$B%S%e!<%7%g%s$G$3$N%P%0$,=$@5$5$l$?$N$+$I$&$+$OCN$j$^$;$s$,!"<+J,$GD>$9$3$H(B
$B$b$G$-$^$9!#(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/hosts</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$rGA$/$H!"<!$N$h$&$K(B
$B$J$C$F$$$k$N$,J,$+$k$H;W$$$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> 127.0.0.1 localhost yourbox</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>sendmail</SPAN
> $B$O5/F0;~$K%[%9%HL>(B($B>e5-$NNc$G$O!"(B
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>yourbox</TT
>) $B$rC5$7$^$9!#$=$7$F!"(B<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>yourbox</TT
> $B$N(B IP
$B$,(B <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>127.0.0.1</TT
> $B$G$"$k$3$H$rCN$k$o$1$G$9$,!"(B<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>sendmail</SPAN
> $B$O$3$N(B IP $B$,7y$$$J$N$G!"$b$&0lEY!"C5$=$&$H$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$r2?EY$+7+$jJV$7$F!":G8e$KD|$a$F=*N;$7$F$7$^$$$^$9!#$3$NLdBj$r2r7h$9$k$N$O(B
$B$H$F$b4JC1$G!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/hosts</TT
> $B%U%!%$%k$r3+$$$F!"$?$H$($P<!$N(B
$B$h$&$KJQ99$9$k$@$1$G$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> 127.0.0.1 localhost
10.56.142.1 yourbox</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN208"
>2.20. Red Hat $B$G(B color-ls $B$r;H$&$?$a$N@_DjJ}K!(B $B!A(BPaul Anderson
<paul@geeky1.ebtech.net></A
></H2
><P
>Red Hat $B%G%#%9%H%j%S%e!<%7%g%s$K$O(B color-ls $B$,F1:-$5$l$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
$B$I$&$7$F=i4|@_Dj$N?';H$$$N$^$^J|CV$5$l$F$$$k$N$+M}2r$K6l$7$_$^$9!#(B
$B0J2<$O!"$=$l$r=$@5$9$k$b$N$G$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$^$:!"(B<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>eval `DIRCOLORS`</B
></TT
> $B$H%?%$%W$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B<!$K!"(B<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>alias ls='ls --color=auto'</B
></TT
> $B$H$7$^$9!#(B</P
><P
>$B$=$7$F!">e5-(B <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>alias.....</B
></TT
> $B$r(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/bashrc</TT
> $B$K5-=R$7$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN218"
>2.21. $BFCDj$N4X?t$,(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/lib</TT
> $B$N$I$N%i%$%V%i%j$K$"$k$+(B
$BC5$9J}K!(B $B!A(BPawel Veselow <vps@unicorn.niimm.spb.su></A
></H2
><P
>$B%3%s%Q%$%k$NESCf$G%j%s%/$9$kI,MW$,$"$k%i%$%V%i%j$,8+Ev$?$i$J$$>l9g!"$I$&$7$^(B
$B$9!)(B <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>gcc</B
> $B$,Js9p$9$k$N$O4X?tL>$@$1$G$9!#0J2<$N4JC1$J%3%^%s%I(B
$B$G!"$=$N4X?t$r8+$D$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B</P
><P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> for i in *; do echo $i:;nm $i|grep tgetnum 2>/dev/null;done</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>$B>e5-$N(B <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>tgetnum</TT
> $B$H$$$&ItJ,$K!"C5$7$F$$$k4X?tL>$,(B
$B$O$$$j$^$9!#(B</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN227"
>2.22. C $B$N4JC1$J(B test $B%W%m%0%i%`$r%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?$1$l$I!"<B9T$7$F$b2?$b=PNO$5$l$J$$!*(B</A
></H2
><P
>$B$*$=$i$/!"$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$r%3%s%Q%$%k$7$F!"(B<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>test</TT
> $B$H$$$&(B
$BL>A0$N%P%$%J%j$r:n@.$7$?$N$G$O$J$$$G$7$g$&$+!)(B Linux $B$K$O(B <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>test</TT
> $B$H$$$&%W%m%0%i%`$,$b$H$b$HB8:_$7$F$$$^$9!#$3$l$O!"$"$k>r7o$,(B
$B??$+H]$+$r%F%9%H$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$G!"??$N>l9g$O2hLL$K2?$bI=<($7$^$;$s!#C1$K(B
<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>test</B
></TT
> $B$HBG$D$N$G$O$J$/!"(B<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>./test</B
></TT
>
$B$HBG$C$F$_$F$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
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