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howto-html-ja-9.1-0.5mdk.noarch.rpm

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WIDTH="100%"
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CLASS="SCREEN"
>snark:~$ ls -l notes
-rw-r--r--   1 esr      users         2993 Jun 17 11:00 notes</PRE
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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CLASS="SCREEN"
>snark:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/gcc
-rwxr-xr-x   3 root     bin         64796 Mar 21 16:41 /usr/bin/gcc</PRE
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WIDTH="100%"
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>snark:~$ ls -ld ~
drwxr-xr-x  89 esr      users          9216 Jun 27 11:29 /home2/esr
snark:~$ </PRE
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>snark:~$ ls -l /bin/login
-rwsr-xr-x   1 root     bin         20164 Apr 17 12:57 /bin/login</PRE
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$BM?$($kI,MW$N$"$k%W%m%0%i%`$,$=$l$K3:Ev$7$^$9!#(Bsetuid bit $B$,(B
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$B4m81$G$9(B root $B$,=jM-<T$G$"$k(B setuid $B$5$l$?%W%m%0%i%`$rGK2u$7$?$j(B
$BJQ99$7$?$j$G$-$k$R$H$J$i$@$l$G$b!"$=$N%W%m%0%i%`$r;H$C$F(B root $B8"8B(B
$B$r;}$C$?%7%'%k$r5/F0$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k$+$i$G$9!#$=$l$f$(!"BgItJ,$N(B 
Unix $B%7%9%F%`$G$O!"2?$+=q$-9~$`$?$a$K$=$N%U%!%$%k$r3+$$$?;~E@$G!"(B
setuid bit $B$,<+F0E*$KL58z$K$J$k$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(BUnix $B%;%-%e%j%F%#(B
$B$KBP$9$k967b$NB?$/$,!"(Bsetuid $B%W%m%0%i%`$rGK2u$9$k$?$a$K!"(Bsetuid 
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$B$=$N$R$H$D$O!"(B(<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/passwd</TT
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$B%U%!%$%k$N:n@.$rH<$&%W%m%0%i%`$O!"DL>o!"$=$N%U%!%$%k$N=i4|@_Dj$H$7$F(B
$B$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$r;XDj$7$^$9!#$7$+$7!"$=$l$i$O!"(B
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CLASS="FIRSTTERM"
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umask $B$O!"%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$9$k:]$K$I$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B bit $B$r(B<EM
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$B$?$$$F$$$N%7%9%F%`>e$N%G%U%)%k%H$H$J$C$F$$$k$N$O!"(B------w- $B$b$7$/$O!"(B
002 $B$G$9!#$3$l$O!"C/$G$b=q$-9~$_$,=PMh$k$H$$$&8"8B$rL58z$K$9$k(B
$B$b$N$G$9!#$3$l$K4X$9$k>\$7$$@bL@$O!"FI<T$N(B shell $B$N(B man $B%Z!<%8(B
$B$K$"$k(B umask $B%3%^%s%I$K4X$9$kJ8=q$r8fMw$/$@$5$$!#(B</P
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$B$b$N$b$"$j$^$9(B($B$3$l$O!"(BBSD $B$N47=,$G$9(B)$B!#(BLinux $B$r4^$`8=:_$N(B Unix $B$N$J$+$K$O!"(B
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></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN452"
>10.6. $BD4;R$,0-$$$H$$$&$N$O(B
$B$I$&$$$&$3$H$J$N$+(B</A
></H2
><P
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$B$$$^$N;~E@$G$O!"%U%!%$%k$KE~C#$9$k$K$O!"%G%#%l%/%H%j$H(B i-node $B$r(B
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$B$K;W$($?$J$i!"$3$&9M$($F$/$@$5$$!#$3$l$i$N5/F0;~$N%A%'%C%/$O!"(B
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<I
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>journalling
file systems</I
> $B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
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></DIV
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