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<TITLE>From VMS to Linux HOWTO: $B9bEY$JOCBj(B</TITLE>
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<HR>
<H2><A NAME="Advanced Topics"></A> <A NAME="s8">8. $B9bEY$JOCBj(B</A></H2>
<P>$B$3$N>O$O>/$7<j$4$o$$FbMF$K$U$l$^$9!#$3$3$G=R$Y$kFCD'$r3X$Y$P!"(B
$B!V(B Linux $B$K$D$$$F2?$+$rCN$jF@$?!W$H8@$($k$H;W$$$^$9$h!#(B
<P>
<H2><A NAME="Permissions"></A> <A NAME="ss8.1">8.1 $B%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$H=jM-8"(B </A>
</H2>
<P>
<P>$B%U%!%$%k$H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$O!"(BVMS $B$HF1$8$h$&$K%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B($BJ]8n(B)$B$H=jM-8"$,(B
$BB8:_$7$^$9!#5v2D$5$l$F$$$J$1$l$P!"%W%m%0%i%`$rAv$i$;$?$j!"%U%!%$%k$r(B
$B=$@5$7$?$j!"$"$k$$$O%G%#%l%/%H%j$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$;$s!#%U%!%$%k(B
$B$,$"$J$?$N8"8B2<$K$J$$$+$i$G$9!#$D$.$NNc$r8+$F$_$^$7$g$&!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ ls -l /bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root bin 27281 Aug 15 1995 /bin/ls*
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B:G=i$N%U%#!<%k%I$O!"%U%!%$%k(B <CODE>ls</CODE> $B$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$rI=<($7$F$$$^$9(B($B%*!<%J$O(B root $B$G%0%k!<%W$O(B bin)$B!#=jM-8"$K$O(B $B%*!<%J(B (owner) $B!"%0%k!<%W(B (group) $B!"$=$NB>(B (other) $B$N#3<oN`$,$"$j$^$9(B
(VMS $B$N(B owner,group,world $B$K;w$F$^$9$M(B)$B!#(B
$B%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$K$O(B $BFI$_<h$j5v2D(B (read) $B!"=q$-9~$_5v2D(B (write $B!":o=|5v2D$b4^$`(B)$B!"(B
$B<B9T5v2D(B (execute) $B$N#3<oN`$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
<P>$B:8$+$i1&$K8+$F$$$-$^$7$g$&!#(B<CODE>-</CODE> $B$O%U%!%$%k$N<oN`$G$9(B( <CODE>-</CODE> $B$O0lHL%U%!(B
$B%$%k!"(B<CODE>d</CODE> $B$O%G%#%l%/%H%j!"(B<CODE>l</CODE> $B$O%j%s%/Ey$r<($7$^$9(B)$B!#(B
<CODE>rwx</CODE> $B$O%U%!%$%k$N=jM-<T$KBP$9$k%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B( read, write, execute )$B$G(B
$B$9!#<!$N(B <CODE>r-x</CODE> $B$O%U%!%$%k=jM-<T$NB0$9$k%0%k!<%W$KBP$9$k%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s(B(read, execute) $B$G!":G8e$N(B <CODE>r-x</CODE> $B$O$=$l0J30$N%f!<%6$KBP$9$k%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$r(B(read, execute)$B$rI=$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>$B%U%!%$%k$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$rJQ99$9$k$K$O!"(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ chmod <whoXperm> <file>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B$H$7!"(Bwho $B$K$O(B <CODE>u</CODE> (user$B!"%*!<%J$N$3$H(B)$B!"(B<CODE>g</CODE> (group) $B$"$k$$$O(B <CODE>o</CODE>
(other) $B$r;XDj$7!"(BX $B$K$O(B <CODE>+</CODE> $B$+(B <CODE>-</CODE> $B$N$I$A$i$+$r;XDj$7$^$9!#$^$?!"(B
perm $B$K$O(B <CODE>r</CODE> (read), <CODE>w</CODE> (write), $B$"$k$$$O(B <CODE>x</CODE> (execute) $B$r;X(B
$BDj$7$^$9!#Nc$($P!"(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ chmod u+x file
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B$O!"%U%!%$%k$N=jM-<T$K<B9T5v2D$rM?$($k$b$N$G(B $B!"(B<CODE>chmod +x file</CODE> $B$HC;=L$G$-$^$9!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ chmod go-wx file
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B$3$l$O!"%U%!%$%k$N=jM-<T0J30$+$i=q$-9~$_5v2D$H<B9T5v2D$r<h$j>C$7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ chmod ugo+rwx file
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B$3$l$OA4$F$N%f!<%6$KFI$_9~$_5v2D!"=q$-9~$_5v2D!"<B9T5v2D$rM?$($F$$$^$9!#(B
<P>$B%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$O!"C;=L$7$F?t;z$G<($9$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B<CODE>rwxr-xr-x</CODE>
$B$O<j$C<h$jAa$/!"(B755 $B$H;XDj$G$-$^$9(B($B3FJ8;z$O%S%C%H$KBP1~$7$^$9!#(B<CODE>---</CODE>
$B$O(B0$B!"(B<CODE>--x</CODE> $B$O(B 1$B!"(B<CODE>-w-</CODE> $B$O(B 2 $B$J$I$N$h$&$K(B)$B!#(B
<P>$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$KBP$9$k(B <CODE>rx</CODE> $B$O!"(B <CODE>cd</CODE> $B$r;H$C$F$=$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K0\(B
$BF0$G$-$k$3$H$r0UL#$7!"(B<CODE>w</CODE> $B$O%G%#%l%/%H%jFb$N%U%!%$%k$N:o=|(B($B$b$A$m$s!"(B
$B%U%!%$%k$N%Q!<%_%C%7%g%s$K=>$$$^$9$,(B)$B$d!"$=$N%G%#%l%/%H%j<+BN$r:o=|$G$-$k$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#$3$l$i$N$3$H$O!"$[$s$N0lIt$G$9(B - RMP$B!#(B
<P>$B%U%!%$%k$N=jM-<T$rJQ99$9$k$K$O!'(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ chown username file
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$BMWLs$9$l$P!"<!$NI=$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
VMS Linux Notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SET PROT=(O:RW) file.txt $ chmod u+rw file.txt
$ chmod 600 file.txt
SET PROT=(O:RWED,W) file $ chmod u+rwx file
$ chmod 700 file
SET PROT=(O:RWED,W:RE) file $ chmod 755 file
SET PROT=(O:RW,G:RW,W) file $ chmod 660 file
SET FILE/OWNER_UIC=JOE file $ chown joe file
SET DIR/OWNER_UIC=JOE [.dir] $ chown joe dir/
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="Multitasking"></A> <A NAME="ss8.2">8.2 $B%^%k%A%?%9%/!'%W%m%;%9$H%8%g%V(B </A>
</H2>
<P>$B%W%m%0%i%`$N<B9T$K$D$$$F$5$i$K@bL@$7$^$7$g$&!#$3$l$^$G;H$C$F$-$?!V%P%C%A%-%e!<!W$O(B Linux $B$K$OB8:_$;$:!"0c$C$?J}K!$G07$o$l$^$9!#:F$S!"E57?E*$J%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$r<($7$^$9!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ command -s1 -s2 ... -sn par1 par2 ... parn < input > output &
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><CODE>-s1</CODE>, ..., <CODE>-sn</CODE> $B$O%W%m%0%i%`%9%$%C%A$G!"(B<CODE>par1</CODE>, ...,
<CODE>parn</CODE> $B$O%W%m%0%i%`$KEO$5$l$k0z?t$G$9!#(B
<P>$B%^%k%A%?%9%/=hM}$,$I$N$h$&$KF/$/$+8+$F$$$-$^$7$g$&!#%U%)%"%0%i%s%I$d%P%C(B
$B%/%0%i%s%I$GF0$/%W%m%0%i%`$r!V%W%m%;%9!W$H8F$S$^$9!#(B
<P>
<UL>
<LI>$B%W%m%;%9$r%P%C%/%0%i%s%I$G5/F0$9$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ progname [-switches] [parameters] [< input] [> output] &
[1] 234
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
$B%7%'%k$O%W%m%;%9$N!V%8%g%V(BNo$B!W(B($B:G=i$N?t;z$G$9!'0J2<$r;2>H(B)$B$H%W%m%;%9$N(B
PID ($B%W%m%;%9(BID) $B$rDLCN$7$^$9!#3F%W%m%;%9$O(B PID $B$G0l0U$K<1JL$G$-$^$9!#(B
</LI>
<LI>$B%W%m%;%9$,$$$/$DF0$$$F$$$k$+D4$Y$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ ps -ax
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
$B:#8=:_<B9TCf%W%m%;%9$N0lMw$r=PNO$7$^$9!#(B
</LI>
<LI> $B%W%m%;%9$r=*N;$9$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ kill <PID>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
$B%W%m%;%9$r@55,$N<jCJ$G=*N;$5$;$kJ}K!$,H=$i$J$/$F$b!"$"$J$?$O%W%m%;%9$r=*(B
$BN;$5$;$kI,MW$,$"$k$H;W$$$^$9(B ... ;-)
$B;~!9!"0J2<$N$I$A$i$+$G$N$_=*N;$5$;$k>l9g$,$"$k$G$7$g$&(B($BLuCm!'?t;z$O%7%0%J%kHV9f$G!"(B9 $B$O(B kill $B%7%0%J%k!"(B15 $B$O=*N;%7%0%J%k$H$7$FDj5A$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B killall $B$J$i(B
$B%W%m%;%9L>$r;XDj$7$F=*N;$5$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9(B)$B!#(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ kill -15 <PID>
$ kill -9 <PID>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
</LI>
</UL>
<P>$BIU$12C$($k$H!"%7%'%k$O%W%m%;%9$N=*N;$d0l;~Dd;_!"$^$?!"%W%m%;%9$r%P%C%/%0(B
$B%i%s%I$X0\$7$?$j!"%U%)%"%0%i%s%I$XLa$7$?$j$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$3$N$h$&$J(B
$B4D6-2<$G!"%W%m%;%9$r!V%8%g%V!W$H8F$S$^$9!#(B
<P>
<UL>
<LI> $B%8%g%V$,$$$/$D$"$k$+D4$Y$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ jobs
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
$B%8%g%V$O%7%'%k$K$h$C$F:NHV$5$l$?HV9f$G<1JL$5$l!"(BPID $B$G$O<1JL$5$l$^$;$s!#(B
</LI>
<LI>$B%U%)%"%0%i%s%I%W%m%;%9$r=*N;$9$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ CTRL-C
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
($B$$$D$b8z2L$,$"$k$H$O8B$j$^$;$s(B)
</LI>
<LI>$B%U%)%"%0%i%s%I%W%m%;%9$r0l;~Dd;_$9$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ CTRL-Z
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
($BF1>e(B)
</LI>
<LI>$BDd;_>uBV$K$"$k%W%m%;%9$r%P%C%/%0%i%s%I$K0\$9$K$O(B($B$=$l$O%8%g%V$H$J(B
$B$k(B)$B!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ bg <job>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
</LI>
<LI>$B%8%g%V$r%U%)%"%0%i%s%I$KLa$9$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ fg <job>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
</LI>
<LI>$B%8%g%V$r=*$i$;$k$K$O!'(B
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ kill <%job>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="ss8.3">8.3 $B:FEY!"%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F(B</A>
</H2>
<P>$B%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F$N$5$i$K>\$7$$>pJs$G$9!#(B
<P>
<UL>
<LI><B>stdin, stdout, stderr</B>: UNIX $B$K$*$$$F!"A4$F$N%7%9%F%`%3%s%]!<(B
$B%M%s%H$O%U%!%$%k$H$7$F<h$j07$$$^$9!#%3%^%s%I$d%W%m%0%i%`$O!"(B
<CODE>stdin</CODE> ($BI8=`F~NO(B - $BDL>o$O%-!<%\!<%I(B)$B$H8F$V!V%U%!%$%k!W$+$iF~NO$rF@(B
$B$F!"(B<CODE>stdout</CODE> ($BI8=`=PNO(B - $BDL>o$O2hLL(B)$B$H8F$V!V%U%!%$%k!W$X=PNO$7!"%(%i!<(B
$B%a%C%;!<%8$O(B <CODE>stderr</CODE> ($BDL>o$O2hLL(B)$B$H8F$V!V%U%!%$%k!W$X=PNO$7$^$9!#(B
<CODE><</CODE> $B$H(B <CODE>></CODE> $B$r;H$($P!"F~=PNO$rJL$J%U%!%$%k$K%j%@%$%l%/%H$G$-$^(B
$B$9!#$5$i$K!"(B<CODE>>></CODE> $B$O>e=q$-$9$kBe$j$K%U%!%$%k$rDI5-$7$^$9!#(B
<CODE>2></CODE> $B$O%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8(B( stderr )$B$r%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$^$9!#(B2>&1
$B$O(B stderr $B$r(B stdout $B$K%j%@%$%l%/%H$7!"(B1>&2 $B$O(B stdout $B$r(B stderr $B$K(B
$B%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$^$9!#(B<CODE>/dev/null</CODE> $B$O%V%i%C%/%[!<%k$H8F$P$l!"$3$3$K(B
$B%j%@%$%l%/%H$9$k$H!"$I$s$J$b$N$b>C$($F$7$^$$$^$9!#(B
</LI>
<LI><B>wildcards</B>: '<CODE>*</CODE>' $B$O$[$\F1$8F/$-$G$9!#MQK!!'(B * $B$O!"1#$7%U%!(B
$B%$%k$r=|$/A4$F$N%U%!%$%k$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B.* $B$OA4$F$N1#$7%U%!%$%k$K%^%C%A(B
$B$7$^$9!#(B*.* $B$OJ8;zNsCf$K(B . $B$r4^$`J8;z$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(Bp*r $B$O!V(Bpeter$B!W$d(B
$B!V(Bpiper$B!W$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B*c* $B$O!V(Bpicked$B!W$H!V(Bpeck$B!W$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B
$B!V(B<CODE>%</CODE>$B!W$O!V(B<CODE>?</CODE>$B!W$K$J$j$^$9(B($BLuCm!'0lJ8;z$N$_$K%^%C%A(B)$B!#%o%$(B
$B%k%I%+!<%I$H$7$FB>$K!"(B<CODE>[]</CODE> $B$,$"$j$^$9!#MQK!!'(B<CODE>[abc]*</CODE> $B$O(B a $B$+(B b $B$+(B
c $B$G;O$^$kJ8;zNs$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B<CODE>*[I-N,1,2,3]</CODE> $B$O:G8e$,(B I,
J, K, L, M, N, 1, 2, 3 $B$G=*$k%U%!%$%k$K%^%C%A$7$^$9!#(B
</LI>
<LI> <CODE>mv</CODE> ( <CODE>RENAME</CODE> ) $B$OJ#?t$N%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F;H$($^$;$s!#(B
<CODE>mv *.xxx *.yyy</CODE> $B$O;W$C$?DL$j$KF0$+$J$$$G$7$g$&!#(B
</LI>
<LI><CODE>cp -i</CODE> $B$H(B <CODE>mv -i</CODE> $B$O%U%!%$%k$,>e=q$-$5$l$k$3$H$r7Y9p$7$F$/(B
$B$l$^$9!#(B</LI>
</UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="Print Queues"></A> <A NAME="ss8.4">8.4 $B%W%j%s%?!<%-%e!<(B </A>
</H2>
<P>VMS $B$G$b$=$&$@$C$?$h$&$K!"0u:~MW5a$O%-%e!<%$%s%0$5$l$^$9!#%W%j%s%H%3%^%s(B
$B%I$rH/9T$9$k>l9g!"%W%j%s%?L>$r;XDj$7$F$b9=$$$^$;$s!#Nc!'(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
$ lpr file.txt # this goes to the standard printer
$ lpr -Plaser file.ps # this goes to the printer named 'laser'
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>$B%W%j%s%?%-%e!<$r07$&$?$a$K!"<!$N$h$&$J%3%^%s%I$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><CODE>
<PRE>
VMS Linux
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ PRINT file.ps $ lpr file.ps
$ PRINT/QUEUE=laser file.ps $ lpr -Plaser file.ps
$ SHOW QUEUE $ lpq
$ SHOW QUEUE/QUEUE=laser $ lpq -Plaser
$ STOP/QUEUE $ lprm <item>
</PRE>
</CODE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<HR>
<A HREF="VMS-to-Linux-HOWTO-9.html">$B<!$N%Z!<%8(B</A>
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