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<span id="datatypes"></span><h1>9. Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data
types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, synchronized
queues, and sets.</p>
<p>Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular,
<a title="dict" class="reference external" href="stdtypes.html#dict"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></tt></a>, <a title="list" class="reference external" href="functions.html#list"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt></a>, <a title="set" class="reference external" href="stdtypes.html#set"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">set</span></tt></a> (which along with
<a title="frozenset" class="reference external" href="stdtypes.html#frozenset"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></tt></a>, replaces the deprecated <a title="Implementation of sets of unique elements. (deprecated)" class="reference external" href="sets.html#module-sets"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sets</span></tt></a> module), and
<a title="tuple" class="reference external" href="functions.html#tuple"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">tuple</span></tt></a>. The <a title="str" class="reference external" href="functions.html#str"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></a> class can be used to handle binary data
and 8-bit text, and the <a title="unicode" class="reference external" href="functions.html#unicode"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt></a> class to handle Unicode text.</p>
<p>The following modules are documented in this chapter:</p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html">9.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime</span></tt> — Basic date and time types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#available-types">9.1.1. Available Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#timedelta-objects">9.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#date-objects">9.1.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#datetime-objects">9.1.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#time-objects">9.1.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#tzinfo-objects">9.1.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="datetime.html#strftime-behavior">9.1.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></tt> Behavior</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="calendar.html">9.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">calendar</span></tt> — General calendar-related functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html">9.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">collections</span></tt> — High-performance container datatypes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#abcs-abstract-base-classes">9.3.1. ABCs - abstract base classes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#deque-objects">9.3.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">deque</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#deque-recipes">9.3.2.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">deque</span></tt> Recipes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#defaultdict-objects">9.3.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#defaultdict-examples">9.3.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></tt> Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="collections.html#namedtuple-factory-function-for-tuples-with-named-fields">9.3.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">namedtuple()</span></tt> Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="heapq.html">9.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">heapq</span></tt> — Heap queue algorithm</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="heapq.html#theory">9.4.1. Theory</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="bisect.html">9.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bisect</span></tt> — Array bisection algorithm</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="bisect.html#examples">9.5.1. Examples</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="array.html">9.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">array</span></tt> — Efficient arrays of numeric values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="sets.html">9.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sets</span></tt> — Unordered collections of unique elements</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="sets.html#set-objects">9.7.1. Set Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="sets.html#example">9.7.2. Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="sets.html#protocol-for-automatic-conversion-to-immutable">9.7.3. Protocol for automatic conversion to immutable</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="sets.html#comparison-to-the-built-in-set-types">9.7.4. Comparison to the built-in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set</span></tt> types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="sched.html">9.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sched</span></tt> — Event scheduler</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="sched.html#scheduler-objects">9.8.1. Scheduler Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="mutex.html">9.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mutex</span></tt> — Mutual exclusion support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="mutex.html#mutex-objects">9.9.1. Mutex Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="queue.html">9.10. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">queue</span></tt> — A synchronized queue class</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="queue.html#queue-objects">9.10.1. Queue Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="weakref.html">9.11. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">weakref</span></tt> — Weak references</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="weakref.html#weak-reference-objects">9.11.1. Weak Reference Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="weakref.html#example">9.11.2. Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="userdict.html">9.12. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserDict</span></tt> — Class wrapper for dictionary objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="userdict.html#module-UserList">9.13. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserList</span></tt> — Class wrapper for list objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="userdict.html#module-UserString">9.14. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserString</span></tt> — Class wrapper for string objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="types.html">9.15. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">types</span></tt> — Names for built-in types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="new.html">9.16. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">new</span></tt> — Creation of runtime internal objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="copy.html">9.17. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy</span></tt> — Shallow and deep copy operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="pprint.html">9.18. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pprint</span></tt> — Data pretty printer</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="pprint.html#prettyprinter-objects">9.18.1. PrettyPrinter Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="pprint.html#pprint-example">9.18.2. pprint Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="repr.html">9.19. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">repr</span></tt> — Alternate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">repr()</span></tt> implementation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="repr.html#repr-objects">9.19.1. Repr Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference external" href="repr.html#subclassing-repr-objects">9.19.2. Subclassing Repr Objects</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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