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  <div class="section" id="module-dumbdbm">
<h1>12.12. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> &#8212; Portable DBM implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#module-dumbdbm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> module has been renamed to <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dbm.dumb</span></tt> in Python 3.0.
The <a class="reference external" href="../glossary.html#term-to3"><em class="xref">2to3</em></a> tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your
sources to 3.0.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note" id="index-276">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> module is intended as a last resort fallback for the
<a title="Generic interface to DBM-style database modules." class="reference external" href="anydbm.html#module-anydbm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">anydbm</span></tt></a> module when no more robust module is available. The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt>
module is not written for speed and is not nearly as heavily used as the other
database modules.</p>
</div>
<p>The <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> module provides a persistent dictionary-like interface which
is written entirely in Python.  Unlike other modules such as <a title="(Unix) GNU's reinterpretation of dbm." class="reference external" href="gdbm.html#module-gdbm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">gdbm</span></tt></a> and
<a title="Interface to Berkeley DB database library" class="reference external" href="bsddb.html#module-bsddb"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">bsddb</span></tt></a>, no external library is required.  As with other persistent
mappings, the keys and values must always be strings.</p>
<p>The module defines the following:</p>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="dumbdbm.error">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">dumbdbm.</tt><tt class="descname">error</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#dumbdbm.error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Raised on dumbdbm-specific errors, such as I/O errors.  <a title="exceptions.KeyError" class="reference external" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> is
raised for general mapping errors like specifying an incorrect key.</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="dumbdbm.open">
<tt class="descclassname">dumbdbm.</tt><tt class="descname">open</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>flag</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#dumbdbm.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Open a dumbdbm database and return a dumbdbm object.  The <em>filename</em> argument is
the basename of the database file (without any specific extensions).  When a
dumbdbm database is created, files with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.dat</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.dir</span></tt> extensions
are created.</p>
<p>The optional <em>flag</em> argument is currently ignored; the database is always opened
for update, and will be created if it does not exist.</p>
<p>The optional <em>mode</em> argument is the Unix mode of the file, used only when the
database has to be created.  It defaults to octal <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0666</span></tt> (and will be modified
by the prevailing umask).</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.2: </span>The <em>mode</em> argument was ignored in earlier versions.</p>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a title="Generic interface to DBM-style database modules." class="reference external" href="anydbm.html#module-anydbm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">anydbm</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Generic interface to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dbm</span></tt>-style databases.</dd>
<dt>Module <a title="(Unix) The standard &quot;database&quot; interface, based on ndbm." class="reference external" href="dbm.html#module-dbm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dbm</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Similar interface to the DBM/NDBM library.</dd>
<dt>Module <a title="(Unix) GNU's reinterpretation of dbm." class="reference external" href="gdbm.html#module-gdbm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">gdbm</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Similar interface to the GNU GDBM library.</dd>
<dt>Module <a title="Python object persistence." class="reference external" href="shelve.html#module-shelve"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">shelve</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Persistence module which stores non-string data.</dd>
<dt>Module <a title="Guess which DBM-style module created a given database." class="reference external" href="whichdb.html#module-whichdb"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">whichdb</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Utility module used to determine the type of an existing database.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dumbdbm-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>12.12.1. Dumbdbm Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#dumbdbm-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In addition to the methods provided by the <a title="UserDict.DictMixin" class="reference external" href="userdict.html#UserDict.DictMixin"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserDict.DictMixin</span></tt></a> class,
<tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> objects provide the following methods.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="dumbdbm.dumbdbm.sync">
<tt class="descclassname">dumbdbm.</tt><tt class="descname">sync</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#dumbdbm.dumbdbm.sync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Synchronize the on-disk directory and data files.  This method is called by the
<a title="dumbdbm.dumbdbm.sync" class="reference internal" href="#dumbdbm.dumbdbm.sync"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">sync()</span></tt></a> method of <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">Shelve</span></tt> objects.</dd></dl>

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<li><a class="reference external" href="#">12.12. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dumbdbm</span></tt> &#8212; Portable DBM implementation</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference external" href="#dumbdbm-objects">12.12.1. Dumbdbm Objects</a></li>
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