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<div class="section" id="module-ftplib">
<h1>21.8. <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></tt> — FTP protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ftplib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-340">This module defines the class <a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> and a few related items. The
<a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> class implements the client side of the FTP protocol. You can use
this to write Python programs that perform a variety of automated FTP jobs, such
as mirroring other ftp servers. It is also used by the module <a title="Open an arbitrary network resource by URL (requires sockets)." class="reference external" href="urllib.html#module-urllib"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">urllib</span></tt></a> to
handle URLs that use FTP. For more information on FTP (File Transfer Protocol),
see Internet <span class="target" id="index-341"></span><a class="reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc959.html"><strong>RFC 959</strong></a>.</p>
<p>Here’s a sample session using the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></tt> module:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">ftplib</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FTP</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ftp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'ftp.cwi.nl'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># connect to host, default port</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c"># user anonymous, passwd anonymous@</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrlines</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'LIST'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c"># list directory contents</span>
<span class="go">total 24418</span>
<span class="go">drwxrwsr-x 5 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 20 09:48 .</span>
<span class="go">dr-xr-srwt 105 ftp-usr pdmaint 1536 Mar 21 14:32 ..</span>
<span class="go">-rw-r--r-- 1 ftp-usr pdmaint 5305 Mar 20 09:48 INDEX</span>
<span class="go"> .</span>
<span class="go"> .</span>
<span class="go"> .</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">retrbinary</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'RETR README'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'README'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">'wb'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="go">'226 Transfer complete.'</span>
<span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">ftp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The module defines the following items:</p>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">ftplib.</tt><tt class="descname">FTP</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>host</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>user</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>passwd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>acct</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>timeout</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a new instance of the <a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> class. When <em>host</em> is given, the
method call <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">connect(host)</span></tt> is made. When <em>user</em> is given, additionally
the method call <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">login(user,</span> <span class="pre">passwd,</span> <span class="pre">acct)</span></tt> is made (where <em>passwd</em> and
<em>acct</em> default to the empty string when not given). The optional <em>timeout</em>
parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the
connection attempt (if is not specified, the global default timeout setting
will be used).</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span><em>timeout</em> was added.</p>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.all_errors">
<tt class="descname">all_errors</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.all_errors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The set of all exceptions (as a tuple) that methods of <a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a>
instances may raise as a result of problems with the FTP connection (as
opposed to programming errors made by the caller). This set includes the
four exceptions listed below as well as <a title="socket.error" class="reference external" href="socket.html#socket.error"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">socket.error</span></tt></a> and
<a title="exceptions.IOError" class="reference external" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.IOError"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">IOError</span></tt></a>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.error_reply">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descname">error_reply</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.error_reply" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="ftplib.error_temp">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">ftplib.</tt><tt class="descname">error_temp</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_temp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an error code in the range 400–499 is received.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="ftplib.error_perm">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">ftplib.</tt><tt class="descname">error_perm</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_perm" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when an error code in the range 500–599 is received.</dd></dl>
<dl class="exception">
<dt id="ftplib.error_proto">
<em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">ftplib.</tt><tt class="descname">error_proto</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.error_proto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not
begin with a digit in the range 1–5.</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Module <a title="Loading of .netrc files." class="reference external" href="netrc.html#module-netrc"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">netrc</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Parser for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></tt> file format. The file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.netrc</span></tt> is typically
used by FTP clients to load user authentication information before prompting the
user.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="last" id="index-342">The file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Tools/scripts/ftpmirror.py</span></tt> in the Python source distribution is
a script that can mirror FTP sites, or portions thereof, using the <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">ftplib</span></tt>
module. It can be used as an extended example that applies this module.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ftp-objects">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>21.8.1. FTP Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#ftp-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Several methods are available in two flavors: one for handling text files and
another for binary files. These are named for the command which is used
followed by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lines</span></tt> for the text version or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">binary</span></tt> for the binary version.</p>
<p><a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> instances have the following methods:</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.set_debuglevel">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">set_debuglevel</tt><big>(</big><em>level</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.set_debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the instance’s debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging
output printed. The default, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, produces no debugging output. A value of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line
per request. A value of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">2</span></tt> or higher produces the maximum amount of
debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the control connection.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.connect">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">connect</tt><big>(</big><em>host</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>port</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>timeout</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Connect to the given host and port. The default port number is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">21</span></tt>, as
specified by the FTP protocol specification. It is rarely needed to specify a
different port number. This function should be called only once for each
instance; it should not be called at all if a host was given when the instance
was created. All other methods can only be used after a connection has been
made.</p>
<p>The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for the
connection attempt. If no <em>timeout</em> is passed, the global default timeout
setting will be used.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span><em>timeout</em> was added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.getwelcome">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">getwelcome</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.getwelcome" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information
that may be relevant to the user.)</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.login">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">login</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>user</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>passwd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>acct</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.login" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Log in as the given <em>user</em>. The <em>passwd</em> and <em>acct</em> parameters are optional and
default to the empty string. If no <em>user</em> is specified, it defaults to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'anonymous'</span></tt>. If <em>user</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'anonymous'</span></tt>, the default <em>passwd</em> is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'anonymous@'</span></tt>. This function should be called only once for each instance,
after a connection has been established; it should not be called at all if a
host and user were given when the instance was created. Most FTP commands are
only allowed after the client has logged in. The <em>acct</em> parameter supplies
“accounting information”; few systems implement this.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.abort">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">abort</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.abort" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Abort a file transfer that is in progress. Using this does not always work, but
it’s worth a try.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.sendcmd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">sendcmd</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.sendcmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a simple command string to the server and return the response string.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.voidcmd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">voidcmd</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.voidcmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a simple command string to the server and handle the response. Return
nothing if a response code in the range 200–299 is received. Raise an exception
otherwise.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.retrbinary">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">retrbinary</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em>, <em>callback</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>maxblocksize</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>rest</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrbinary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Retrieve a file in binary transfer mode. <em>command</em> should be an appropriate
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RETR</span></tt> command: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'RETR</span> <span class="pre">filename'</span></tt>. The <em>callback</em> function is called for
each block of data received, with a single string argument giving the data
block. The optional <em>maxblocksize</em> argument specifies the maximum chunk size to
read on the low-level socket object created to do the actual transfer (which
will also be the largest size of the data blocks passed to <em>callback</em>). A
reasonable default is chosen. <em>rest</em> means the same thing as in the
<a title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></tt></a> method.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.retrlines">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">retrlines</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>callback</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Retrieve a file or directory listing in ASCII transfer mode. <em>command</em>
should be an appropriate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RETR</span></tt> command (see <a title="ftplib.FTP.retrbinary" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrbinary"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">retrbinary()</span></tt></a>) or a
command such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NLST</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">MLSD</span></tt> (usually just the string
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'LIST'</span></tt>). The <em>callback</em> function is called for each line, with the
trailing CRLF stripped. The default <em>callback</em> prints the line to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></tt>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.set_pasv">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">set_pasv</tt><big>(</big><em>boolean</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.set_pasv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Enable “passive” mode if <em>boolean</em> is true, other disable passive mode. (In
Python 2.0 and before, passive mode was off by default; in Python 2.1 and later,
it is on by default.)</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.storbinary">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">storbinary</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>blocksize</em>, <em>callback</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.storbinary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Store a file in binary transfer mode. <em>command</em> should be an appropriate
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">STOR</span></tt> command: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"STOR</span> <span class="pre">filename"</span></tt>. <em>file</em> is an open file object which is
read until EOF using its <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">read()</span></tt> method in blocks of size <em>blocksize</em> to
provide the data to be stored. The <em>blocksize</em> argument defaults to 8192.
<em>callback</em> is an optional single parameter callable that is called
on each block of data after it is sent.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.1: </span>default for <em>blocksize</em> added.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span><em>callback</em> parameter added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.storlines">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">storlines</tt><big>(</big><em>command</em>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>callback</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.storlines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Store a file in ASCII transfer mode. <em>command</em> should be an appropriate
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">STOR</span></tt> command (see <a title="ftplib.FTP.storbinary" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.storbinary"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">storbinary()</span></tt></a>). Lines are read until EOF from the
open file object <em>file</em> using its <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt> method to provide the data to
be stored. <em>callback</em> is an optional single parameter callable
that is called on each line after it is sent.</p>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.6: </span><em>callback</em> parameter added.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">transfercmd</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>rest</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Initiate a transfer over the data connection. If the transfer is active, send a
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EPRT</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PORT</span></tt> command and the transfer command specified by <em>cmd</em>, and
accept the connection. If the server is passive, send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EPSV</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PASV</span></tt>
command, connect to it, and start the transfer command. Either way, return the
socket for the connection.</p>
<p>If optional <em>rest</em> is given, a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">REST</span></tt> command is sent to the server, passing
<em>rest</em> as an argument. <em>rest</em> is usually a byte offset into the requested file,
telling the server to restart sending the file’s bytes at the requested offset,
skipping over the initial bytes. Note however that RFC 959 requires only that
<em>rest</em> be a string containing characters in the printable range from ASCII code
33 to ASCII code 126. The <a title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></tt></a> method, therefore, converts
<em>rest</em> to a string, but no check is performed on the string’s contents. If the
server does not recognize the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">REST</span></tt> command, an <a title="ftplib.FTP.error_reply" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.error_reply"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></tt></a> exception
will be raised. If this happens, simply call <a title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></tt></a> without a
<em>rest</em> argument.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.ntransfercmd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">ntransfercmd</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>rest</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.ntransfercmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Like <a title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></tt></a>, but returns a tuple of the data connection and the
expected size of the data. If the expected size could not be computed, <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>
will be returned as the expected size. <em>cmd</em> and <em>rest</em> means the same thing as
in <a title="ftplib.FTP.transfercmd" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.transfercmd"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">transfercmd()</span></tt></a>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.nlst">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">nlst</tt><big>(</big><em>argument</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.nlst" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a list of files as returned by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NLST</span></tt> command. The optional
<em>argument</em> is a directory to list (default is the current server directory).
Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard options to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NLST</span></tt>
command.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.dir">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">dir</tt><big>(</big><em>argument</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>...</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Produce a directory listing as returned by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span></tt> command, printing it to
standard output. The optional <em>argument</em> is a directory to list (default is the
current server directory). Multiple arguments can be used to pass non-standard
options to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LIST</span></tt> command. If the last argument is a function, it is used
as a <em>callback</em> function as for <a title="ftplib.FTP.retrlines" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.retrlines"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">retrlines()</span></tt></a>; the default prints to
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></tt>. This method returns <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.rename">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">rename</tt><big>(</big><em>fromname</em>, <em>toname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.rename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Rename file <em>fromname</em> on the server to <em>toname</em>.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.delete">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">delete</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.delete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Remove the file named <em>filename</em> from the server. If successful, returns the
text of the response, otherwise raises <a title="ftplib.error_perm" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.error_perm"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_perm</span></tt></a> on permission errors or
<a title="ftplib.FTP.error_reply" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.error_reply"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></tt></a> on other errors.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.cwd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">cwd</tt><big>(</big><em>pathname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.cwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the current directory on the server.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.mkd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">mkd</tt><big>(</big><em>pathname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.mkd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Create a new directory on the server.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.pwd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">pwd</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.pwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the pathname of the current directory on the server.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.rmd">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">rmd</tt><big>(</big><em>dirname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.rmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Remove the directory named <em>dirname</em> on the server.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.size">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">size</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.size" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Request the size of the file named <em>filename</em> on the server. On success, the
size of the file is returned as an integer, otherwise <tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> is returned.
Note that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SIZE</span></tt> command is not standardized, but is supported by many
common server implementations.</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.quit">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">quit</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Send a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></tt> command to the server and close the connection. This is the
“polite” way to close a connection, but it may raise an exception if the server
responds with an error to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></tt> command. This implies a call to the
<a title="ftplib.FTP.close" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.close"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></tt></a> method which renders the <a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> instance useless for
subsequent calls (see below).</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="ftplib.FTP.close">
<tt class="descclassname">FTP.</tt><tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#ftplib.FTP.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Close the connection unilaterally. This should not be applied to an already
closed connection such as after a successful call to <a title="quit" class="reference external" href="constants.html#quit"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">quit()</span></tt></a>. After this
call the <a title="ftplib.FTP" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">FTP</span></tt></a> instance should not be used any more (after a call to
<a title="ftplib.FTP.close" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.close"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">close()</span></tt></a> or <a title="quit" class="reference external" href="constants.html#quit"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">quit()</span></tt></a> you cannot reopen the connection by issuing
another <a title="ftplib.FTP.login" class="reference internal" href="#ftplib.FTP.login"><tt class="xref docutils literal"><span class="pre">login()</span></tt></a> method).</dd></dl>
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